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Voiced bilabial click

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Main article:Bilabial click
Voiced bilabial click
ʘ̬   ɋ̬
Voiced bilabial velar click
ɡʘ   ɡɋ
ᶢʘ   ᶢɋ
Voiced bilabial uvular click
ɢʘ   ɢɋ
𐞒ʘ   𐞒ɋ

Avoiced bilabial click is aclick consonant found in some of the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet for a voiced bilabial click with avelar rear articulation is ⟨ɡ͡ʘ⟩ or ⟨ɡ͜ʘ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ɡʘ⟩, ⟨ᶢʘ⟩ or ⟨ʘ̬⟩. For a click with auvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɢ͡ʘ,ɢ͜ʘ,ɢʘ,𐞒ʘ⟩.Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ʘɡ⟩ or ⟨ʘᶢ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[1]

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiced bilabial click:

  • Theairstream mechanism islingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by theglottis or thelungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneouspulmonic egressive airstream.
  • Itsplace of articulation isbilabial, which means it is articulated with bothlips.
  • Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, themedianlateral dichotomy does not apply.

Occurrence

[edit]

Voiced bilabial clicks only occur in theTuu andKxʼa families of southern Africa.[2] These sounds are extremely rare and many non-native speakers find it difficult to pronounce. Thus, these sounds are sometimes transliterated as a "g" and a "G" and are pronounced asVelar andUvularPlosives.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Afrika und Übersee. D. Reimer. 2005. pp. 93–94.
  2. ^Exter, Mats (2008-11-19).Properties of the Anterior and Posterior Click Closures in N|uu (text.thesis.doctoral thesis) (in German). Universität zu Köln.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flex(Alve­olo-)​palatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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