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Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

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Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʑ⟩ in IPA

Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

IPA number 183

Audio sample

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Encoding

Entity(decimal) ʑ

Unicode(hex) U+0291

X-SAMPA z\

Braille

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Avoiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʑ⟩ ("z", plus the curl also found in itsvoiceless counterpart ⟨ɕ⟩). It is thesibilant equivalent of thevoiced palatal fricative.

Features

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alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives[ɕ,ʑ]

Features of a voiced alveolo-palatal fricative:

Itsmanner of articulation issibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along agroove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequencyturbulence.
Itsplace of articulation isalveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Itsplace of articulation ispostalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind thealveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Itstongue shape islaminal, meaning that it is thetongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavilypalatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards thehard palate.
Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ажьа	[aˈʑa]	'hare'	SeeAbkhaz phonology
Adyghe		жьау	[ʑaːw]	'shadow'
Catalan	Eastern^[1]	ajut	[əˈʑut̪]	'help' (n.)	SeeCatalan phonology
Catalan	All dialects	peix blau	[ˈpe(j)ʑˈbɫɑw]	'blue fish'	SeeCatalan phonology
Chinese	Jiangshan	十	[ʑyœʔ]	'ten'
Chinese	Taiwanese Hokkien	今仔日/kin-á-ji̍t	[kɪn˧a˥ʑɪt˥]	'today'
Czech		život	[ʑɪvot]	'life'	SeeCzech phonology
English	Ghana^[2]	vision	[ˈviʑin]	'vision'	Educated speakers may use[ʒ], which this phoneme corresponds to in other dialects.^[2]
Japanese		火事/kaji	[kaʑi]	'fire'	Found infree variation with[d͡ʑ] between vowels. SeeJapanese phonology
Kabardian		жьэ	[ʑa]	'mouth'
Lower Sorbian^[3]		źasety	[ʑäs̪ɛt̪ɨ]^[stress?]	'tenth'
Luxembourgish^[4]		héijen	[ˈhɜ̝ɪ̯ʑən]	'high'	Allophone of/ʁ/ after phonologically front vowels; some speakers merge it with[ʒ]. Occurs in only a few words.^[4] SeeLuxembourgish phonology
Pa Na		[ʑu˧˥]		'small'
Polish^[5]		źrebię	[ˈʑrɛbjɛ]^ⓘ	'foal'	Also denoted by the digraph⟨zi⟩. SeePolish phonology
Portuguese^[6]^[7]^[8]		magia	[maˈʑi.ɐ]	'magic'	Also described as palato-alveolar[ʒ].^[9]^[10] SeePortuguese phonology
Romani	Kalderash^[11]	ʒal	[ʑal]	'he/she/it goes'	Realized as[d͡ʒ] in conservative dialects.
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects^[12]	geană	[ˈʑanə]	'eyelash'	Realized as[d͡ʒ] in standard Romanian. SeeRomanian phonology
Russian	Conservative Moscow Standard^[13]	позже	[poʑːe]	'later'	Somewhat obsolete in many words, in which most speakers realize it as hard[ʐː].^[13] Present only in a few words, usually written⟨жж⟩ or⟨зж⟩. SeeRussian phonology
Sema^[14]		aji	[à̠ʑì]	'blood'	Possible allophone of/ʒ/ before/i,e/; can be realized as[d͡ʑ~ʒ~d͡ʒ] instead.^[14]
Serbo-Croatian	Serbian andCroatian^[15]	puž će	[pûːʑt͡ɕe̞]	'the snail will'	Allophone of/ʒ/ before/t͡ɕ,d͡ʑ/.^[15] SeeSerbo-Croatian phonology
Serbo-Croatian	Some speakers ofMontenegrin	źenica/з́еница	[ʑȇ̞nit̻͡s̪a̠]	'pupil'	Phonemically/zj/ or, in some cases,/z/.
Spanish	Paraguayan^[16]	carro	[ˈkaʑo]	'car'	Dialectal realization of/r/ and allophone of/ɾ/ after/t/.
Tatar	Kazan dialect (standard Tatar)	җан /can	[ʑan]	'soul'	InMishar Dialect, letter җ / c is [d͡ʒ].^[17]
Uzbek^[18]		^{[example needed]}
Xumi	Upper^[19]	[ʑɐ̝˦]		'beer, wine'
Yi		ꑳ/yi	[ʑi˧]	'tobacco'

Notes

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^Recasens & Espinosa (2007:145, 167)
^^a ^bHuber (2004:859)
^Zygis (2003:180–181)
^^a ^bGilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
^Jassem (2003:103)
^Mateus & d'Andrade (2000)
^Silva (2003:32)
^Guimarães (2004)
^Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
^Medina (2010)
^Boretzky & Igla (1994:XVII)
^Pop (1938), p. 30.
^^a ^bYanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:224)
^^a ^bTeo (2014:23)
^^a ^bLandau et al. (1999:68)
^"Catálogo de voces hispánicas: Paraguay, Asunción".Instituto Cervantes (in Spanish). Retrieved18 January 2020.
^Leitzinger, Antero:Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996.ISBN 952-9752-08-3. (p. 45)
^Sjoberg (1963:11)
^Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013:383)

References

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Boretzky, Nobert; Igla, Birgit (1994),Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,ISBN 3-447-03459-9
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013),"Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):381–396,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,25 (2):90–94,doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223,S2CID 249414876
Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013),"Luxembourgish"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (1):67–74,doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
Guimarães, Daniela (2004),Seqüências de (Sibilante + Africada Alveopalatal) no Português Falado em Belo Horizonte(PDF), Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2014-04-07, retrieved2014-04-04
Huber, Magnus (2004), "Ghanaian English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.),A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 842–865,ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (1):103–107,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,ISBN 0-521-65236-7
Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (2000),The Phonology of Portuguese, Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-823581-X
Medina, Flávio (2010),Análise Acústica de Sequências de Fricativas Seguidas de[i] Produzidas por Japoneses Aprendizes de Português Brasileiro(PDF), Anais do IX Encontro do CELSUL Palhoça, SC, Palhoça: Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2015-09-23, retrieved2014-12-06
Pop, Sever (1938),Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2007),"An electropalatographic and acoustic study of affricates and fricatives in two Catalan dialects"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,37 (2):143–172,doi:10.1017/S0025100306002829,S2CID 14275190, archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2020-11-22, retrieved2013-04-16
Silva, Thaïs Cristófaro (2003),Fonética e Fonologia do Português: Roteiro de Estudos e Guia de Exercícios (7th ed.), São Paulo: Contexto,ISBN 85-7244-102-6
Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963),Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University
Teo, Amos B. (2014),A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland(PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics,ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,45 (2):221–228,doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395
Zygis, Marzena (2003), "Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Slavic Sibilant Fricatives",ZAS Papers in Linguistics,3:175–213,doi:10.21248/zaspil.32.2003.191

External links

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List of languages with[ʑ] onPHOIBLE

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ		ʁ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ