| Viva Villa! | |
|---|---|
 Film poster | |
| Directed by | Jack Conway Uncredited: Howard Hawks William Wellman |
| Written by | Ben Hecht Uncredited: Howard Hawks James Kevin McGuinness Howard Emmett Rogers |
| Based on | Viva Villa! (book) by Edgecumb Pinchon O. B. Stade |
| Produced by | David O. Selznick |
| Starring | Wallace Beery Fay Wray Leo Carrillo |
| Cinematography | Charles G. Clarke James Wong Howe |
| Edited by | Robert J. Kern |
| Music by | Herbert Stothart |
| Distributed by | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer |
Release date |
|
Running time | 115 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1,022,000[1][2] |
| Box office | $1,969,000 (worldwide rentals)[1][2] |
Viva Villa! is a 1934 Americanpre-CodeWestern film directed byJack Conway and starringWallace Beery as Mexican revolutionaryPancho Villa. The screenplay was written byBen Hecht, adapted from the 1933 bookViva Villa! by Edgecumb Pinchon and O. B. Stade. The film was shot on location inMexico and produced byDavid O. Selznick. There was uncredited assistance with the script byHoward Hawks,James Kevin McGuinness, and Howard Emmett Rogers. Hawks andWilliam A. Wellman were also uncredited directors on the film.[citation needed]
The film is a fictionalized biography ofPancho Villa starring Beery in the title role and featuringFay Wray, who had played theleading lady inKing Kong the previous year. The supporting cast includesLeo Carrillo,Donald Cook,Stuart Erwin,Henry B. Walthall,Joseph Schildkraut andKatherine DeMille.
After seeing his poor father lose his land and be whipped to death for protesting, young Pancho Villa stabs one of the killers, then heads off into the hills ofChihuahua, Mexico during the 1880s. As a grown man, Villa and a band of rebel bandits, including his trusted ally Sierra, kill wealthy landowners and become heroes to their fellow "peons".
A wealthy aristocrat, Don Felipe, arranges an introduction for Villa to the distinguished and eloquentFrancisco Madero, who resents what has become of Mexico under the rule of presidentPorfirio Díaz and persuades Villa to help him fight for liberty, not just for personal gain. The coarse and illiterate Villa is humbled in the presence of Madero and agrees to fight for his cause. He also is attracted to Don Felipe's beautiful sister Teresa, although there are many women in Villa's life, including one he is married to, Rosita.
Villa's exploits are made even more colorful by an American newspaper reporter, Johnny Sykes, to whom Villa has taken a great liking. While drunk, Sykes is misinformed and reports that Villa has already overtaken the village of Santa Rosalia in a great victory for his men. Disobeying the orders of Madero and the arrogant General Pascal, simply to help his newspaper friend, Villa stages a raid on Santa Rosalia, as well as on Juarez.
Madero ultimately assumes office in Mexico City, then commands Villa to disband his personal army. Villa agrees, but when Sierra kills a bank teller just so Villa can withdraw his money, Villa himself ends up sentenced to death. A gloating General Pascal mocks the way Villa pleads for his life, then reads a telegram from Madero, ordering that Villa instead be exiled from the country.
Alone and drunk inEl Paso, Texas, feeling forsaken by his homeland, Villa is visited by Sykes, who informs him that Madero has been assassinated by the power-mad Pascal and his men. Villa returns to Mexico and rebuilds his own army, recruiting tens of thousands to ride by his side. Together they storm the capital, where Pascal is subjected to a particularly gruesome death. Villa takes what he wants, but when Teresa resists and he physically assaults her, she draws a gun that her brother Don Felipe has given her for protection. Sierra intervenes and murders her.
Villa appoints himself president but is ineffectual, unable to restore Madero's dream of land reform for Mexico's poor. He ultimately agrees to step aside and go back to where he belongs, including to his wife. Before he can, with Sykes by his side, Villa is gunned down by Don Felipe out of revenge for his sister. Sykes vows to keep Villa's memory alive, telling his dying friend that he is no longer news, but history.
David O. Selznick began filmingViva Villa! in 1932 in Mexico. Between filming and its release in April 1934, the film went through adevelopment hell.[3]
Initially,Lee Tracy was cast to play a role of Jonny Sykes. However, following an incident on a Mexican balcony, from which he urinated on militarycadets during a parade, he was fired from the film and eventually was replaced byStuart Erwin.[4]
On September 29, 1933, Pancho Villa's son, Pancho Augustin Villa Jr. was signed to cast in a role of a young Pancho Villa.[5]
The film also experienced script problems requiring a change of as many as three writers and two directors (William Wellman andHoward Hawks, both uncredited).
Viva Villa! premiered at theParamount Theatre in Los Angeles on May 17, 1934.[6]
When the film premiered in Mexico on September 7, 1934, exploding firecrackers interrupted the showing.[7]
Viva Villa! was popular at the box office[8] and was voted one of the ten best pictures of 1934 byThe Film Daily's annual poll of critics.[9]
Variety called the film a "corking western",[10] whileHelen Brown-Norden ofVanity Fair wrote "There is also no denying the fact thatWallace Beery is not everybody's Villa".[3]
During the film's production, the Mexican press called it "derogatory to Mexico", and urged the film to be boycotted in Mexico.[11]
In its initial releaseViva Villa! earned totaltheater rentals of $1,875,000, with $941,000 from the US and Canada and $934,000 elsewhere. A 1949 re-release earned an additional $94,000 in foreign rentals, resulting in an overall profit of $157,000.[1][2]
The picture was nominated for the followingAcademy Awards:[12]
Viva Villa! partially inspired the creation ofElia Kazan's 1952 filmViva Zapata!, written byJohn Steinbeck and starringMarlon Brando andAnthony Quinn.