| Industry | Iron and Steel |
|---|---|
| Founded | 18 January 1923; 103 years ago (18 January 1923) |
| Founder | Krishnaraja Vadeyar |
| Headquarters | Bhadravati,Karnataka, India |
Key people | Surajith Mishra(I/C Executive director) |
| Products | Alloy steels, Pig iron |
| Website | Official website |
Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL), a unit of Steel Authority of India Limited, is a plant involved in the production ofalloy steels andpig iron. It is located in the city ofBhadravathi,India.[1] It was started as theMysore Iron Works on 18 January 1923 byNalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and his DiwanSir M Visvesvaraya.[2][3] It is now a steel plant under the jurisdiction of theSteel Authority of India Limited.[4]
The Iron Works were started byNalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, the king ofMysore, under the guidance of hisDiwan,Sir M Visvesvaraya.[2] The main objective was to tap the richiron ore deposits nearKemmanagundi in theBaba Budangiri hills and manufacture pig iron and other products.[5] A preliminary investigation of setting up an iron and steel factory at Bhadravathi was done in 1915-1916. This investigation was done by aNew York based firm who explored the possibility of manufacturing pig iron with the use ofcharcoal fuel.[6] The years 1918-1922 were spent in setting up the factory. To start with, a wood distillation plant for manufacturing charcoal andblast furnace forsmelting iron were set up in the factory.[6] Agencies were established inMadras,Ahmedabad andKarachi and a sales office was opened inBombay.[7] Acast iron pipe plant, open hearth furnace,rolling mills and acement plant were later added and the name of the factory was changed toThe Mysore Iron and Steel Works. In 1939, theShimoga-Talguppa railway line was laid, using wood from theMalnad forests were transported to this plant, to be used as a fuel in its furnaces. In 1952, two electric pig-iron surfaces were installed in the company, thereby making VISL the first iron and steel company in India to use electricity in the smelting of iron ore.[8] In 1962, the name was changed toThe Mysore Iron and Steel Limited and the factory was converted into a Government company jointly owned by theGovernment of India and theGovernment of Karnataka with an equity share ratio of 40:60 respectively.[5] The year 1962 also saw the establishment of a new steel plant which could produce steel using the relatively newL D Process. In order to honour its founder, the company was renamed asVisvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited in 1975.[5] In 1989, it was taken over by the Steel Authority of India as a subsidiary entity and in 1998, VISL was merged into SAIL.[9]
In the initial years, pig-iron was the main product manufactured here and its production was increased from 4,817 tonnes in 1923 to 20,321 tonnes in 1935. But the increased production could not be turned into a profit-making business and except for the years 1928 and 1929, the company encountered losses during this period. However, the company recovered in the coming years, making a turnover of Rs. 173.13 lakhs and a profit of Rs. 32.21 lakhs in the year 1951.[8] In 1962, the company had a sales turnover of Rs. 638.09 lakhs, earning a profit of Rs. 48.3 lakhs. However, by the year 1970, the company had run into losses, only to recover in the year 1972 to make a profit of Rs. 24.13 lakhs. Mounting losses made SAIL to think of disinvesting VISL and there was also a proposal that it could be taken over by the Indian Defence Ministry since it neededalloy steel, of which VISL was a major producer.[9] However, it remained under SAIL control and encountered a turn around in November 2004 when it started making profits and it has continued to be profitable and has been incurring losses . The losses are in crores for each year[citation needed]
For the first two years (1923–24), the iron ore required by the company was supplied from thelimonite deposits at Chattanahalli nearKumsi.[10] From 1924 onwards, mining operations were started atKemmanagundi and these yielded good quality of iron ore (58-60% iron content).[6]Limestone, which is used as a flux in the steel making process anddolomite which is used as arefractory material were mined from Bandigudda mines, near Bhadravathi.Quartz, used in the manufacture offerrosilicon and pig iron was mined from Bilikalbetta mines,fire clay used in the manufacture of refractories was mined at Shankaragudda hills andblack clay used in the manufacture of cement was mined from Umblebylu fields near Bhadravathi.[6]
On 31 July 2003, ten workers in the factory died due to a blast which occurred when leaking water accidentally got mixed with hot molten steel.[11] This questioned the safety measures employed in the plant. It is also alleged that despite employing pollution treatment plants, the effluents discharged from the company is polluting theBhadra River.[12]
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