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Visa requirements for Japanese citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative entry restrictions
The cover of a biometricJapanese passport

Visa requirements for Japanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed oncitizens of Japan.

As of 2026, Japanese citizens had visa-free access to 187 countries and territories, ranking theJapanese passport 2nd in the world according to theHenley Passport Index.[1]

From 2018 to 2022, Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to the most countries and territories,[2] making the Japanese passport rank first in the world in terms of travel freedom according to theHenley Passport Index.[3][4] It ranked 2nd in 2023 and 2024.[2][5]

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Japanese citizens holding ordinary passports
  Japan
  Visa not required / ESTA / ETA
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available either on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

[edit]

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports travelling for tourist purposes:

Country / RegionVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes (excluding departure fees)
AfghanistanVisa required[6]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Afghanistan for any reason due to safety concerns.[7]
AlbaniaVisa not required[8]90 days
AlgeriaVisa required[9]
AndorraVisa not required[10]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
AngolaVisa not required[11][12]30 days
Antigua and BarbudaVisa not required[15]6 months
ArgentinaVisa not required[16]90 days
ArmeniaVisa not required[17]180 days
  • 180 days within a 1-year period.
AustraliaElectronic Travel Authority[18]90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted. May enter usingSmartGate on arrival in Australia.[19]
AustriaVisa not required[20]90 days
AzerbaijanFree eVisa / Visa on arrival[21][22]30 days
  • Upon arrival at the any international airport, visitors can obtain visa through a kiosk.
  • e-Visa fee is free.
BahamasVisa not required[23]3 months
BahraineVisa / Visa on arrival[24]14 days
BangladeshVisa on arrival[25]30 days
BarbadosVisa not required[26]6 months
BelarusVisa not required / Free eVisa[27][28]30 days
  • Must arrive and depart via international airport (Visa-free is not applied Russia - Belarus flight).
  • e-Visa is available at land border and airport.
  • e-Visa fee is free.
BelgiumVisa not required[29]90 days
BelizeVisa not required[30]90 days
BenineVisa[31][32]30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
  • Three types of electronic visa are offered: the e-Visa valid for 30 days for a single entry (EUR 50), the e-Visa valid for 30 days for several (multiple) entries (EUR 75), and the e-Visa valid for 90 days to make several (multiple) entries (EUR 100).[33]
BhutaneVisa[34][35]
BoliviaVisa not required[36]90 days
Bosnia and HerzegovinaVisa not required[37]90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
BotswanaVisa not required[38]90 days
  • 90 days within any 1-year period.
BrazilVisa not required[39]90 days
  • Up to 90 days per visit, but no more than 180 days per year.
BruneiVisa not required[40]30 days
BulgariaVisa not required[41]90 days
Burkina FasoeVisa[42][43]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Burkina Faso for any reason due to safety concerns.[44]
BurundiOnline Visa / Visa on arrival[45][46]1 month
CambodiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[48][49]30 days
CamerooneVisa[50][51]
CanadaElectronic Travel Authorization[52]6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[53]
  • Also, an eTA not required when arriving by car, bus, train or boat (including a cruise ship).[54]
Cape VerdeVisa on arrival[55][56]30 days
  • Available at Sal, Boa Vista, São Vicente, or Santiago international airports. Cost for a visa on arrival is around 25 EUR.[57]
Central African RepublicVisa required[58]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Central African Republic due to safety concerns.[59]
ChadeVisa[60]
ChileVisa not required[61]90 days
ChinaVisa not required[62][63]30 days
  • 24-hour visa-free transit to a third country or region (including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), is available atmost international airports, without leaving the airport.[65]
    • Travellers who need to leave the airport may obtain a temporary entry permit fromimmigration.[65]
  • May apply for a port visa (Visa on Arrival) if travelling for an urgent, qualified reason. Prior clearance for port visa is highly recommended or may be denied boarding by airlines.[67]
ColombiaVisa not required[68]90 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180 days stay within a 1-year period.
ComorosVisa on arrival[69]45 days
  • Nationals of any country can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 45 days. Also, the cost is 30 EUR or 50USD.
Republic of the CongoVisa required[70]
Democratic Republic of the CongoeVisa[71][72]7 days
Costa RicaVisa not required[73]180 days
Côte d'IvoireeVisa[74][75]3 months
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
CroatiaVisa not required[76]90 days
CubaeVisa[77][78]90 days
CyprusVisa not required[79]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
Czech RepublicVisa not required[80]90 days
DenmarkVisa not required[81]90 days
DjiboutieVisa[82][83]90 days
DominicaVisa not required[84]6 months
Dominican RepublicVisa not required[85]90 days
EcuadorVisa not required[86]90 days
EgypteVisa / Visa on arrival[87][88]30 days
El SalvadorVisa not required[89]3 months
Equatorial GuineaeVisa[90][91]
EritreaVisa required[92]
EstoniaVisa not required[93]90 days
EswatiniVisa not required[94]30 days
EthiopiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[95]90 days
FijiVisa not required[98]4 months
FinlandVisa not required[99]90 days
FranceVisa not required[100]90 days
GaboneVisa[101][102]90 days
GambiaVisa required[103]
  • An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.
GeorgiaVisa not required[104]1 year
GermanyVisa not required[105]90 days
GhanaVisa required[106]
GreeceVisa not required[107]90 days
GrenadaVisa not required[108]3 months
GuatemalaVisa not required[109]90 days
GuineaeVisa[110][111]90 days
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.
Guinea-BissauVisa on arrival[112]90 days
  • Holders of passports issued by all countries can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 90 days.
GuyanaVisa not required[113]90 days
HaitiVisa not required[114]3 months
HondurasVisa not required[116]3 months
HungaryVisa not required[117]90 days
IcelandVisa not required[118]90 days
IndiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[119][120]60 days
  • Visa on Arrival is only granted at Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai airport.
  • Japanese citizens can also apply for e-Visa online for 30 days.
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 32 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][121]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[122]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[123]
Indonesiae-VOA / Visa on arrival[124]30 days[125]
IranVisa not required[126]15 days
  • 15 days within any 6-month period.
IraqeVisa[127][128]30 days
IrelandVisa not required[129]3 months
IsraelElectronic Travel Authorization[130][131]90 days
ItalyVisa not required[132]90 days
JamaicaVisa not required[133]30 days
JordaneVisa / Visa on arrival[134][135]30 days
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings (exceptKing Hussein/Allenby Bridge).
KazakhstanVisa not required[136]30 days
KenyaElectronic Travel Authorisation[137][138]90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee isUSD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.[139]
KiribatiVisa not required[140]90 days
North KoreaVisa required[141]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to North Korea due to lack of diplomatic missions in North Korea.[142]
South KoreaElectronic Travel Authorization[143]90 days
  • Japanese citizens can enter South Korea as a short term visit (e.g., tours, visiting relatives or friends, attending simple meetings) up to 90 days without a visa, though you should remain aware of the quarantine requirements. You must also have an onward or return ticket. It's illegal to work on a tourist visa, whether as a teacher or in any other capacity.[144]
  • All visitors are fingerprinted. From September 2021, travelers require the Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA). The validity period is 3 years from the date of approval.
  • The government of the Republic of Korea announced that from April 1, 2023 to December 31, 2025, a K-ETA is not required for 27 countries' citizens visiting Korea for 90 days or less for business or tourism.
KuwaiteVisa / Visa on arrival[145][146]3 months
KyrgyzstanVisa not required[147]30 days
  • 30 days within any 60-day period.
LaosVisa not required[148]15 days
LatviaVisa not required[149]90 days
LebanonFree visa on arrival[150]1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months.
  • Granted free of charge atBeirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Lebanon for any purpose due to safety concerns, as well asthe ongoing conflict in Lebanon. Japanese citizens in Lebanon are advised to leave immediately.[151]
LesothoVisa not required[152]90 days
LiberiaVisa required[153]
LibyaeVisa[154][155]
LiechtensteinVisa not required[157]90 days
LithuaniaVisa not required[158]90 days
LuxembourgVisa not required[159]90 days
MadagascareVisa / Visa on arrival[160][161]60 days
MalawieVisa / Visa on arrival[162][163]90 days
MalaysiaVisa not required[164]90 days
MaldivesFree visa on arrival[165]30 days
MaliVisa required[166]
MaltaVisa not required[168]90 days
Marshall IslandsVisa on arrival[169]90 days
  • Visitors wishing to travel toKwajalein are required to hold an Entry Authorization issued by the United States Military.
MauritaniaeVisa[170][171]30 days
MauritiusVisa not required[173]90 days
MexicoVisa not required[174]180 days
MicronesiaVisa not required[175]30 days
MoldovaVisa not required[176]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
MonacoVisa not required[177]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
MongoliaVisa not required[178]30 days
MontenegroVisa not required[179]90 days
MoroccoVisa not required[180]3 months
MozambiqueVisa not required[181][182]30 days
  • Visitors must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry.
MyanmareVisa / Visa on arrival[183][184]28 days / 30 days
NamibiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[185][186]3 months / 90 days
NauruVisa required[187]
  NepalOnline Visa / Visa on arrival[188]90 days[189]
NetherlandsVisa not required[190]90 days
New ZealandElectronic Travel Authority[191]3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[192] May enter usingeGate.
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to theTrans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[193] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[192]
NicaraguaVisa not required[194]90 days
NigerVisa required[195]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Niger due to security concerns.[196]
NigeriaeVisa[197][198]30 days
North MacedoniaVisa not required[199]90 days
NorwayVisa not required[200]90 days
OmanVisa not required / eVisa[201][202]14 days / 30 days
  • Japanese citizens are also eligible for e-Visas valid for 30 days.
PakistaneVisa[203][204]3 months
PalauFree visa on arrival[205]30 days
PanamaVisa not required[206]90 days
Papua New GuineaeVisa[207][208]60 days
ParaguayVisa not required[209]90 days
PeruVisa not required[210]90 days
PhilippinesVisa not required / eVisa[211]30 days / 59 days
  • A single or multiple entry eVisa for stays of up to 59 days is also available.[212][213]
  • Single entry e-Visa is valid for 3 months, while multiple entry e-Visa is valid for 6 months or 1 year.
PolandVisa not required[214]90 days
PortugalVisa not required[215]90 days
QatarVisa not required[216]30 days
RomaniaVisa not required[217]90 days
RussiaeVisa[218][219]30 days
  • Regular visa free of charge for Japanese passport holders.[220]
RwandaeVisa / Visa on arrival[221][222]30 days
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.[139]
Saint Kitts and NevisElectronic Travel Authorisation[223][224]3 months
Saint LuciaVisa not required[225]6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVisa not required[226]3 month
SamoaEntry permit on arrival[227]90 days
San MarinoVisa not required[228]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
São Tomé and PríncipeVisa not required[229]15 days[230]
Saudi ArabiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[231][232]90 days
SenegalVisa not required[233]90 days
SerbiaVisa not required[234]90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
SeychellesElectronic Border System[235][236]3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
Sierra LeoneeVisa / Visa on arrival[237][238]3 months / 30 days
SingaporeVisa not required[239]30 days
SlovakiaVisa not required[240]90 days
SloveniaVisa not required[241]90 days
Solomon IslandsFree Visitor's Permit on arrival[242]3 months
  • Visitors may obtain a free permit valid for 3 months within any 1-year period on arrival.
SomaliaeVisa[243][244]30 days
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Somalia due to no diplomatic missions, as well as theongoing war in Somalia.[245]
South AfricaVisa not required[246]90 days
South SudaneVisa[247][248]
  • Obtainable online, 90 days for 200 USD and 180 days for 350 USD.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to South Sudan due to crime and economic instability.[249]
SpainVisa not required[250]90 days
Sri LankaFree ETA / Visa on arrival[251][252]30 days
  • Electronic Travel Authorization subject to granting/issuing free of charge.
SudanVisa required[253]
SurinameVisa not required[255][256]90 days
  • An entrance fee ofUSD 50 or EUR 50 must be paid online prior to arrival.[257]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[258]
SwedenVisa not required[259]90 days
 SwitzerlandVisa not required[260]90 days
SyriaeVisa[261][262]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Syria due to theongoing conflict in Syria.[263]
TajikistanVisa not required / eVisa[264]30 days / 60 days
  • Japanese nationals can obtain a single or multiple entry e-Visa online for USD 30 prior to arrival for a maximum stay of 60 days within 90 days. Along with e-Visa, visitors can apply for a permit to visitGorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province for 20 USD.[265]
TanzaniaeVisa / Visa on arrival[266][267]90 days
ThailandVisa not required[268]60 days
  • Maximum 2 visits annually if not arriving by air.
Timor-LesteVisa on arrival[269]30 days
TogoeVisa[270][271]15 days
TongaFree visa on arrival[272]31 days
Trinidad and TobagoVisa not required[273]90 days
TunisiaVisa not required[274]90 days
TurkeyVisa not required[275]3 months
TurkmenistanVisa required[276]
  • For Japanese citizens coming to Turkmenistan for tourism purposes, a discounted rate has been established for issuing a one-time visa for up to 10 days.[277][278] For Japanese tourists 10 days visa fee is 25 USD.[279] Visa will be issued during 3 to 7 days by Embassy of Turkmenistan in Tokyo, depending on number of applications.
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
  • Japanese citizens have the right tovisa-free transit through the international transit area of Ashgabat International Airport.[280]
TuvaluVisa on arrival[281]1 month
UgandaeVisa[282][283]3 months
  • Determined at the port of entry.
  • Must apply online at least 2 business days prior to travel. As of March 2017, airlines may deny passengers permission to board flights to Uganda without proof that they had successfully applied for an e-Visa. Ugandan immigration authorities may require additional documentation, including proof of a return plane ticket and detailed tour itinerary in Uganda.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.[139]
  • International Certificate of Vaccination required.
UkraineVisa not required[284]90 days
United Arab EmiratesVisa not required[286]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
United KingdomElectronic Travel Authorisation[287][288]6 months
United StatesVisa Waiver Program[289][290]90 days
  • ESTA is valid for 2 years from the date of issuance.[291]
  • ESTA is also required when entering the country by cruise ship or land.[292]
  • AForm I-94 is required for entry into the United States by land. It carries a $30 fee and can be obtained either online or upon arrival.[293]
  • Visa required for nationals of VWP countries who have travelled or been present in Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria or Yemen at any time on or after 1 March 2011 (with limited exceptions), or those who have travelled or being present in Cuba at any time on or after 12 January 2021, or nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan or Syria.
  • ESTA is not required forGuam andNorthern Mariana Islands.[294]
UruguayVisa not required[295]90 days
UzbekistanVisa not required[296]30 days
VanuatuVisa not required[297]120 days
Vatican CityVisa not required[298]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
VenezuelaVisa not required[299]90 days
VietnamVisa not required[300]45 days
  • A single entry e-Visa valid for 90 days is also available.[301]
YemenVisa required[302]
  • The Japanese government advises its citizens to refrain from traveling to Yemen due tothe ongoing civil war in Yemen.[303]
  • Passengers can transit without visa with a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country within 24 hours. They must stay in the international transit area of the airport and have documents required for the next destination.
  • Yemen introduced an e-Visa system for visitors who meet certain eligibility requirements (group travel of 10 or more people, business trips, and transit etc.).[304]
ZambiaVisa not required[305]30 days
ZimbabweeVisa / Visa on arrival[306][307]1 month

Territories, disputed areas or restricted zones

[edit]

Visa requirements for Japanese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor toVisa requirementNotes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
AbkhaziaVisa required
  • Tourists from all countries (except Georgia) can visit Abkhazia for a period not exceeding 24 hours as part of an organized tourist group.[308]
GreeceMount AthosSpecial permit required
  • Special permit required (4 days:EUR 25 forOrthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[309][310]
BelarusBrest andGrodnoVisa not required
  • Visa-free for 10 days.[311]
Turkish Republic of Northern CyprusVisa not required
United NationsUN Buffer Zone in CyprusAccess Permit required
  • Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[313]
DenmarkFaroe IslandsVisa not required
FinlandÅlandVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
Germany Büsingen am Hochrhein and HeligolandVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
 Livigno and Campione d'ItaliaVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
GibraltarVisa not required[315]
  • Up to 6 months.
GuernseyVisa not required
  • 90 days within a 12-month period.[316]
Isle of ManVisa not required
JerseyVisa not required
NorwayJan MayenPermit required
  • Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[319] and permit issued by theNorwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[320][321]
NorwaySvalbardVisa not required
KosovoVisa not required[323][324]
  • 90 days
Portugal Azores and MadeiraVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
RussiaSpecial authorization required
SwitzerlandSamnaunVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
South OssetiaVisa required
  • To enter South Ossetia, visitors must have a multiple-entry visa forRussia and register their stay with the Migration Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs within 3 days.[326][327]
TransnistriaVisa not required
Africa
Eritrea outsideAsmaraTravel permit required
  • To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20Eritrean nakfa).[330]
MayotteVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[331]
RéunionVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[331]
Ascension IslandeVisa
Saint HelenaVisitor's Pass on arrival
  • Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25pound sterling.[334]
Tristan da CunhaPermission required
Spain Canary Islands, Ceuta and MelillaVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicVisa regime undefined
SomalilandVisa required[336]
Sudan outsideKhartoumTravel permit required
  • All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside ofKhartoum must obtain a travel permit.
SudanDarfurTravel permit required
  • Separate travel permit is required.[337]
Asia
British Indian Ocean TerritorySpecial permit required
  • Special permit required.[338]
TajikistanGorno-Badakhshan Autonomous ProvinceOIVR permit required
ChinaHainanVisa not required[342]
  • 30 days
Hong KongVisa not required[343]
India PAP/RAPPAP/RAP required
Iraqi KurdistaneVisa[350]
  • 30 days
KazakhstanBaikonur andPriozerskSpecial permission required
IranKish IslandVisa not required[352]
  • 14 days
North Korea outsidePyongyangSpecial permit required
  • People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent movement)
MacauVisa not required[353]
  • 90 days
MaldivesMaldives outsideMaléPermission required
  • Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[354]
PalestineVisa not required[355][356]
MalaysiaSabahSabah andSarawakSarawakVisa not required
  • These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[357]
TaiwanVisa not required[358]
  • 90 days
ChinaTibet Autonomous RegionTTP required
TurkmenistanSpecial permit required
United NationsKorean Demilitarized ZoneAccess restricted
  • Restricted area.
United NationsUNDOF Zone andGhajarAccess restricted
  • Restricted area.
Yemen outsideSanaa orAdenSpecial permission required
  • Special permission needed for travel outside Sanaa or Aden.[362]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
AnguillaVisa not required[363]
  • 3 months
ArubaVisa not required[364]
  • 30 days, extendable to 180 days.[365]
BermudaVisa not required[366]
  • Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.
Netherlands Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaVisa not required[367]
British Virgin IslandsVisa not required[369]
  • 30 days, extensions possible.
Cayman IslandsVisa not required[370]
  • 6 months
CuraçaoVisa not required[371]
  • 3 months
FranceFrench GuianaSaint Pierre and MiquelonVisa not required[372]
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[331]
FranceFrench West IndiesVisa not required[373]
DenmarkGreenlandVisa not required
VenezuelaMargarita IslandVisa not required
  • All visitors are fingerprinted.[374]
MontserratVisa not required[375]
  • 6 months
Puerto RicoVisa not required[376]
ColombiaSan Andrés andLeticiaTourist Card on arrival
Sint MaartenVisa not required[378]
Turks and Caicos IslandsVisa not required[380]
  • 90 days
U.S. Virgin IslandsVisa not required[381]
Oceania
American SamoaElectronic authorization[382]
  • 30 days
AustraliaAshmore and Cartier IslandsSpecial authorisation required
  • Special authorisation required.[383]
AustraliaMacquarie IslandSpecial authorisation permit
  • A written authorisation of the Director of National Parks and Wildlife is required.
Christmas IslandVisa not required
  • 90 days. Passports and visas are not required when travelling from the Australian mainland. However, photographic identification must be produced for clearance through Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia.
FranceClipperton IslandSpecial permit required
  • Special permit required.[384]
Cook IslandsVisa not required[385]
  • 31 days
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsVisa not required
  • 90 days. Passports and visas are not required when travelling from the Australian mainland. However, photographic identification must be produced for clearance through Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia.
FijiLau ProvinceSpecial permission required
  • Special permission required.[386]
French PolynesiaVisa not required[387]
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.
GuamVisa not required[388]
  • 45 days
New CaledoniaVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[331]
Norfolk IslandElectronic Travel Authority
  • 120 days. Visa is issued upon arrival for a visit of up to max stay of 120 days, for holders of a multiple entry Electronic Travel authority (ETA) issued by Australia, valid 30 days beyond the period of intended stay in Norfolk Island.
  • From 1 July 2016 all movement between Norfolk Island and Australian mainland are considered as domestic movement, however all passenger are still required to carry passports or, for Australian citizens, some type of photographic identification and pass Customs and Immigration. Normal Australian Customs and Immigration procedures apply when entry is made from outside Australia. Passenger not carrying their passports aren't eligible to purchase duty-free goods on Norfolk Island.[389]
NiueVisa not required[390]
Northern Mariana IslandsVisa not required[392]
  • 45 days
Pitcairn IslandsVisa not required
  • 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[393][394][395]
TokelauEntry permit required
  • 10 days/3 months/1 year. Visitors permits/Residence permits/Work permits/Special permits granted, allow the permit holder to be in Tokelau, for up to 10 days/3 months/1 year, unless otherwise specified. Apply for a travel permit at the Tokelau office in Apia, Samoa, at least 2 weeks prior to travel. Visitors are required to hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay.[396]
  • The amount of funds needed is NZD 1,000 - per person per month of stay or NZD 400 - if accommodation. Tokelau can only be reached by boat from Samoa, and a permit from the Samoan Immigration Authorities is required to leave and re-enter Samoa.[397]
United StatesUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsSpecial permits required
FranceWallis and FutunaVisa not required
  • 90 days within any 180-day period.[331]
South America
EcuadorGalápagosPre-registration required
  • Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[405]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Falkland IslandsVisa not required[406]
  • A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.[407]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsPermit required
AntarcticaSpecial permits required

Pre-approved visas pick-up

[edit]

Pre-approved visas can be picked up on arrival in the following countries instead in embassy or consulate.

Pre-approved
visas pick-up
on arrival
Conditions
Saudi Arabia[422]
  • For a maximum stay of 15 days if the application was submitted at least2+12 months before arrival and if the clearance was obtained.
Cameroon[423]
  • Must hold approval from the General Delegate of Security.
Eritrea[424]
  • Must have a sponsor who must submit an application at least 48 hours before arrival.
Liberia[425]
  • Available only if arriving from a country without a diplomatic mission of Liberia and if a sponsor obtained an approval.
Nigeria[426]
  • Holders of a visa application who have a Nigerian company taking responsibility for them.
Sudan[427]
  • Holders of an entry permit issued by the Ministry of Interior.
Turkmenistan[428]
  • Holders of an invitation letter of the local company that was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

APEC Business Travel Card

[edit]
  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of anAPEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[429]

1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[430]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit toAPEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except byCanada andUnited States)
  • Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Consular protection of Japanese citizens abroad

[edit]
Diplomatic missions of Japan
See also:List of diplomatic missions of Japan

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section istranscluded fromNon-visa travel restrictions.(edit |history)

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[431] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles:Vaccination requirements for international travel andInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

The African countries ofAngola,Benin,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Republic of the Congo,Côte d'Ivoire,Equatorial Guinea,Gabon,Gambia,Ghana,Guinea-Bissau,Kenya,Liberia,Mali,Mauritania,Niger,Rwanda,Senegal,Sierra Leone andTogo,South Sudan,Uganda, andZambia, requireall incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[432] to have a currentInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory ofFrench Guiana.[433]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[434][435]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[436][437] or even accept passports that have already expired (butnot been cancelled).[438]

Some countries, such as Japan,[439] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[440] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[441] Bhutan, Botswana,British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[442] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[443] Philippines,[444] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[445]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand.Similarly, theEEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, allEuropean Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[446] and South Africa.

Maximum passport age

[edit]

Countries of theSchengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry.[447]

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[448] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have acriminal record, while others impose restrictionsdepending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomatpersona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreignerpersona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[449]

Israeli stamps

[edit]

Kuwait,[450] Lebanon,[451] Libya,[452] and Yemen[453] do not allow entry to people withpassport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent thisArab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports atBen Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped atErez when passing into and out ofGaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also:Biometric identification by country

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, befingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than golandside.[454]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[455][456] Argentina,[457] Brunei, Cambodia,[458] China,[459] Ethiopia,[460] Ghana, Guinea,[461] India, Japan,[462][463] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[464] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[465] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[466] the Schengen Area,[467] Singapore, South Korea,[468] Taiwan, Thailand,[469] Uganda,[470] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implementexit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[471][472][473] intends to implementfacial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[474]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition,iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by theInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use ine-passports[475] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[476][477] The United StatesDepartment of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[478] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[479][480]

See also

[edit]

References and Notes

[edit]
References
  1. ^"Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ab"Major Shake-Up in World's Passport Power Ranking".Henley & Partners. Retrieved2023-07-20.
  3. ^"TheHenley Passport Index"(PDF). Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. 19 July 2022. Retrieved21 July 2022.This graph shows the full Global Ranking of the 2022 Henley Passport Index.
    As the index usesdense ranking, in certain cases, a rank is shared by multiple countries because these countries all have the same level of visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
  4. ^"Global Passport Ranking".
  5. ^"The Henley Passport Index Global Ranking 2023"(PDF). November 5, 2023. RetrievedNovember 5, 2023.
  6. ^Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  7. ^"Afghanistan travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  8. ^Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  9. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  10. ^Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  11. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  12. ^"Angola eVisa".
  13. ^Angola: Migration Service to Speed Up Visa Exemption Procedure
  14. ^"Visa and passport".Timatic.International Air Transport Association throughEmirates. Retrieved2 November 2022.
  15. ^Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  16. ^Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina(in Spanish).
  17. ^Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  18. ^Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  19. ^"Australia Subclass 601 ETA".
  20. ^Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  21. ^Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan(in Azerbaijani).
  22. ^"Azerbaijan eVisa".
  23. ^eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  24. ^Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  25. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  26. ^Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  27. ^Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  28. ^"Belarus eVisa".
  29. ^Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  30. ^Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  31. ^Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  32. ^"Benin eVisa".
  33. ^"Benin the online visa application platform available".tourmag.com.
  34. ^Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  35. ^"Bhutan eVisa".
  36. ^Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia(in Spanish).
  37. ^Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  38. ^Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  39. ^Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  40. ^Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  41. ^Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  42. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  43. ^"Burkina Faso eVisa".
  44. ^"Burkina Faso travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  45. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  46. ^"Burundi migration department".
  47. ^@chrisnibas (6 December 2021)."Nationals of all countries requiring visa for #Burundi 🇧🇮, can now just request it upon arrival at Bujumbura Inter…" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  48. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  49. ^"Cambodia eVisa".
  50. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^"Cameroon eVisa".
  52. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^"canada eTA". 15 April 2015.
  54. ^"Official Support for Tourist eTA to Canada".
  55. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  56. ^"Cape Verde EASE".
  57. ^"Visa policy of Cape Verde".www.paf.gov.gn. 29 April 2017.
  58. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  59. ^"Central African Republic travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  60. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  62. ^List of Agreements on Mutual Visa Exemption Between the People’s Republic of China and Foreign Countries, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 23 October 2025单方面免签政策常见问题解答 Frequently Asked Questions on Visa-free Entry into China, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 30 November 2024
  63. ^"Frequently Asked Questions on Visa-free Entry into China".
  64. ^"外交部:中方决定扩大免签国家范围".中國領事服務網 (in Chinese). 2024-11-22. Retrieved2024-11-22.
  65. ^abc"Visa-Free Transit Policies".National Immigration Administration. 2025-07-04. Retrieved2025-12-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  66. ^"Visa-Free Entry Policy for Foreign Tourist Groups Traveling by Cruise Ships Effective on May 15".National Immigration Administration. 2024-05-17. Retrieved2025-12-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  67. ^"FAQs About Port Visas and Other Related Issues".National Immigration Administration. 2024-02-29. Retrieved2025-12-25.
  68. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  71. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  72. ^"DR Congo eVisa".
  73. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  75. ^"CI eVisa".
  76. ^Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  77. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^"Cuba eVisa".
  79. ^Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  80. ^List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  81. ^Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  82. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^"Djibouti eVisa".
  84. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  88. ^"Egypt eVisa".
  89. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  90. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^"Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  92. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  94. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^"Ethiopia visa on arrival". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved24 November 2018.
  97. ^"Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved24 November 2018.
  98. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  100. ^Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  101. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^"Gabon eVisa".
  103. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  104. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  105. ^Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  106. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  108. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  111. ^"Guinea eVisa".
  112. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  113. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  114. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^"Haiti travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  116. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  118. ^Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  119. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^"Indian Visa on arrival".
  121. ^e-Visa
  122. ^The note is under Q9 in the FAQs
  123. ^The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  124. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^"The Official e-Visa(e-VOA) Website for Indonesia".
  126. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^"Iraq eVisa".
  129. ^Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  130. ^Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  131. ^"ETA-IL".
  132. ^Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  133. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  134. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^"Jordan E-Services".
  136. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  137. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^"Kenya eTA".
  139. ^abc"Visitors visa - East African tourist visa".
  140. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  142. ^"North Korea travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  143. ^"K-ETA".
  144. ^"Entry requirements – South Korea travel advice".GOV.UK. Retrieved3 December 2021. Text was copied from this source, which is available under anOpen Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  145. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^"Kuwait eVisa".
  147. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  149. ^Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  150. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^"Lebanon travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  152. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^"Libya eVisa".
  156. ^"Libya travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  157. ^Visa, Government of Liechtenstein(in German).
  158. ^Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  159. ^Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  160. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^"Madagascar eVisa".
  162. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  163. ^"Malawi eVisa".
  164. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  165. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^"Mali travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  168. ^Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  169. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  170. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^"Mauritania eVisa".
  172. ^"TIPS AND HOW TO TRAVEL TO MAURITANIA IN 2022". Retrieved2022-01-19.
  173. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  174. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  177. ^Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  178. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  179. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  181. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  182. ^"Mozambique eVisa".
  183. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^"Myanmar eVisa".
  185. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  186. ^"Namibia E-Services".
  187. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  188. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^"Nepal Online Visa".
  190. ^Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  191. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  192. ^ab"Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy".immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2021.Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $35.
  193. ^"Information about: Australian Resident Visa".immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. RetrievedMay 21, 2020.Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  194. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  195. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^"Niger travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  197. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  198. ^"Nigeria eVisa".
  199. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  200. ^Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  201. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^"Oman eVisa".
  203. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^"Pakistan Online Visa".
  205. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  207. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^"PNG Easy Visitor Permit".
  209. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  210. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^"Apply for your Philippine Visa - The Easy and Convenient Way".eVisaPH - Official Website.
  213. ^"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the Philippine e-Visa".eVisaPH - Official Website.To check the list of eVisa eligible nationalities and the eVisa fees, look forHow much is the e-Visa? at the bottom part of the page.
  214. ^Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  215. ^Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  216. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  217. ^Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  218. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  219. ^"Russia eVisa".
  220. ^"Visa fees".washington.mid.ru. Retrieved29 November 2022.
  221. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  222. ^"Rwanda E-Services".
  223. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  224. ^"Saint Kitts and Nevis eTA".
  225. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  226. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  227. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  228. ^Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  229. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  230. ^"Ministério Negócios Estrangeiros e... – Ministério Negócios Estrangeiros e Comunidades de São Tomé Príncipe".Facebook. Retrieved2018-05-08.
  231. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  232. ^"Saudi Arabia eVisa".
  233. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  234. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  235. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  236. ^"Seychelles Electronic Border System".
  237. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  238. ^"Sierra Leone eVisa".
  239. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  240. ^Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  241. ^Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  242. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  243. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  244. ^"Somalia eTAS".
  245. ^"Somalia travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  246. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  247. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  248. ^"South Sudan eVisa".
  249. ^"South Sudan travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  250. ^Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  251. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  252. ^"LK ETA".
  253. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  254. ^"Sudan travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  255. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  256. ^"Suriname eVisa".
  257. ^"Entry-fee".
  258. ^"Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
  259. ^List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  260. ^Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  261. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  262. ^"Syria eVisa".
  263. ^"Syria travel advisory". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. RetrievedJune 9, 2025.
  264. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  265. ^"Tajikistan eVisa".
  266. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  267. ^"Tanzania eVisa".
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  476. ^"Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport".Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  477. ^"Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE".SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved7 July 2018.The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  478. ^Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016)."Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders".Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved24 April 2019.Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  479. ^"Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints".Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved24 April 2019.Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  480. ^Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018)."5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved24 April 2019.The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
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  2. ^
Visa policy by country
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Historical

1British Overseas Territories.2 These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3 Partially recognized.4Unincorporated territory of the United States.5 Part of the Kingdom of Denmark.6Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.7 Unrecognized state.

Visa requirements by citizenship
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Other

1British Overseas Territories.2Azerbaijan,Georgia,Turkey,Kazakhstan,Russia and the partially recognised republics ofAbkhazia andSouth Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3Cyprus,Armenia, and the partially recognised republic ofNorthern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe.4Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.5 Partially recognized.

Immigration law
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