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Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative entry restrictions

Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens ofBhutan. As of April 2025, Bhutanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking theBhutanese passport 87th in terms of travel freedom (tied with passports fromChad andComoros) according to theHenley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens
  Bhutan
  Freedom of movement
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

[edit]
CountryVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes (excluding departure fees)
AfghanistanVisa required[2]
AlbaniaeVisa[3][4]
  • Visa is not required for Holders of a valid multiple-entry Schengen, UK or US visa has been previously used once or residence permit of Schengen, UK, US or UAE 10 years.[5]
AlgeriaVisa required[6]
AndorraVisa required[7]
AngolaVisa required[8]
Antigua and BarbudaeVisa[9][10]
ArgentinaVisa required[11]
  • The AVE (High Speed Travel) is open to Bhutanese citizens holding valid, current ordinary passports traveling to Argentina for tourism. To do so, they must hold a valid category B2/J/B1/O/P (P1-P2-P3)/E/H-1B visa issued by the United States of America.[12]
ArmeniaeVisa[13][14]120 days
Australia and territoriesOnline visa required[15]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[16]
AustriaVisa required[17]
AzerbaijanVisa required[18]
BahamaseVisa[19][20]3 months
BahraineVisa[21][22]
BangladeshVisa not required[23]90 days
BarbadosVisa not required[24]
BelarusVisa required[25]
BelgiumVisa required[26]
BelizeVisa required[27]
BenineVisa[28][29]30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
BoliviaeVisa / Visa on arrival[30][31]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaVisa required[32]90 days
BotswanaeVisa[33][34]90 days
BrazilVisa required[35]
BruneiVisa required[36]
BulgariaVisa required[37]
Burkina FasoeVisa[38][39]
BurundiVisa on arrival[40]1 month
CambodiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[41][42]30 days
CamerooneVisa[43][44]
CanadaVisa required[45]
  • US permanent residents (Green card) holders can enter visa free[46]
Cape VerdeVisa on arrival[47]30 days
  • Visa on arrival atSal,Boa Vista,São Vicente orSantiago international airports.
  • Requirement to register online 5 days before arrival[48]
  • Also pay the airport security fee ofCVE 3400 either online or on arrival.
Central African RepublicVisa required[49]
ChadeVisa[50][51]90 days
ChileVisa required[52]
ChinaVisa required[53]
ColombiaVisa not required[55]90 days
ComorosVisa on arrival[56]45 days
Republic of the CongoVisa required[57]
Democratic Republic of the CongoeVisa[58][59]7 days
Costa RicaVisa required[60]
  • Holders of a valid multiple-entry visa of any member state of theSchengen Area,Canada, or theUnited States may enter Cost Rica without a visa for maximum stay of 30 days.
Côte d'IvoireeVisa[61]3 months
CroatiaVisa required[62]
CubaeVisa[63][64]90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
CyprusVisa required[65]
Czech RepublicVisa required[66]
DenmarkVisa required[67]
DjiboutieVisa[68]31 days
DominicaVisa not required[69]21 days
Dominican RepublicVisa required[70]
EcuadorVisa not required[71]90 days
EgyptVisa on arrival[72]30 days
El SalvadoreVisa[73][74]
Equatorial GuineaeVisa[75][76]
EritreaVisa required[77]
EstoniaVisa required[78]
EswatiniVisa required[79]
EthiopiaeVisa[80]up to 90 days
FijiVisa required[81]
FinlandVisa required[82]
FranceVisa required[83]
GaboneVisa[84]
GambiaVisa not required[85]90 days
GeorgiaeVisa[86][87]
GermanyVisa required[88]
GhanaVisa required[89]
GreeceVisa required[90]
GrenadaVisa required[91]
GuatemalaVisa required[92]
GuineaeVisa[93]90 days
Guinea-BissauVisa on arrival[94]90 days
GuyanaVisa required[95]
HaitiVisa not required[96]3 months
HondurasVisa required[97]
HungaryVisa required[98]
IcelandVisa required[99]
IndiaFreedom of movement[100]
IndonesiaVisa required[101]
IraneVisa / Visa on arrival[102]30 days
IraqeVisa[103][104]
IrelandVisa required[105]
IsraelVisa required[106]
ItalyVisa required[107]
JamaicaVisa required[108]
JapanVisa required[109]
JordaneVisa / Visa on arrival[112][113]30 days
KazakhstaneVisa[114][115]
KenyaElectronic Travel Authorisation[116][117]3 months
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee isUSD 32.50.
  • eTA is good for single entry, but visitors who leave Kenya to otherEAC countries may re-enter provided that their eTA is still valid
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda
KiribatiVisa required[118]
North KoreaVisa required[119]
South KoreaVisa required[120]
KuwaiteVisa / Visa on arrival[121]30 days/3 months
KyrgyzstaneVisa[122][123]
LaoseVisa / Visa on arrival[124]30 days
LatviaVisa required[126]
LebanonVisa on arrival[127]1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge atBeirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
LesothoeVisa[128][129]
LiberiaeVisa[130][131]
LibyaeVisa[132][133]
LiechtensteinVisa required[134]
LithuaniaVisa required[135]
LuxembourgVisa required[136]
MadagascareVisa / Visa on arrival[137][138]90 days
MalawieVisa / Visa on arrival[139][140]
MalaysiaeVisa[141][142]
MaldivesFree visa on arrival[143]30 days
MaliVisa required[144]
MaltaVisa required[145]
Marshall IslandsVisa required[146]
MauritaniaeVisa[147][148]
MauritiusVisa on arrival[149]60 days
MexicoVisa required[150]
  • Visa is not required for Holders of a valid visa of Canada, US, UK or a Schengen State and Permanent residence of Canada, Chile, Colombia, Schengen State, Japan, UK, US[151]
  • Entry may be refused by immigration officials for individuals who were previously denied a US visa, even if holding a valid Mexican visa.
MicronesiaVisa not required[152]30 days
MoldovaeVisa[153][154]
MonacoVisa required[155]
MongoliaeVisa[156][157]
MontenegroVisa required[158]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid Australia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, US, UK or a Schengen Visa.
  • Holders of residence permit in the United Arab Emirates may enter, in Montenegro for a duration of 10 days[159]
MoroccoVisa required[160]
MozambiqueeVisa / Visa on arrival[162][163]30 days
MyanmareVisa[164]28 days
NamibiaeVisa[165][166]
NauruVisa required[167]
  NepaleVisa / Visa on arrival[168][169]90 days
NetherlandsVisa required[170]
New Zealand and territoriesVisa required[171]
NicaraguaVisa on arrival[173]
NigerVisa required[174]
NigeriaeVisa[175][176]90 days
North MacedoniaVisa required[177]
NorwayVisa required[178]
OmanVisa required[179]
PakistaneVisa[180][181]
  • Online Visa eligible.[182]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[183]
PalauFree visa on arrival[184]30 days
PanamaVisa not required[185]90 days
Papua New GuineaeVisa[186][187]60 days
ParaguayVisa required[188]
PeruVisa required[189]
PhilippinesVisa not required[190]30 days
PolandVisa required[191]
PortugalVisa required[192]
QatareVisa[193][194]
RomaniaVisa required[195]
RussiaeVisa[196][197]16 days
RwandaeVisa / Visa on arrival[198]30 days
Saint Kitts and NeviseVisa[199][200]
Saint LuciaVisa on arrival[201]6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVisa not required[202]1 month
SamoaVisa not required[203]60 days
San MarinoVisa required[204]
São Tomé and PríncipeeVisa[205][206]15 days
Saudi ArabiaVisa required[207]
  • Tourist visa on arrival for holders of a valid multiple entry visa from US, UK or Schengen area, under the condition that the multiple entry visa has been used at least once, proving that by showing the entry and exit stamps of the country of issuance.
SenegalVisa required[208]
SerbiaVisa required[209]
SeychellesFree Visitor's Permit on arrival[210]3 months
Sierra LeoneeVisa[211][212]
SingaporeVisa not required[213]30 days
SlovakiaVisa required[214]
SloveniaVisa required[211]
Solomon IslandsVisa required[215]
SomaliaeVisa[216][217]30 days
South AfricaVisa required[218]
South SudaneVisa[219]
  • Obtainable online[220]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[220]
SpainVisa required[221]
Sri LankaETA / Visa on arrival[222][223]* The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6-month period.
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period)
SudanVisa required[224]
SurinameVisa not required[225]90 days
  • An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[226]
SwedenVisa required[227]
 SwitzerlandVisa required[228]
SyriaeVisa[229][230]
TajikistaneVisa[231][232]45 days
TanzaniaeVisa / Visa on arrival[233][234]3 months
ThailandVisa not required[235]60 days
Timor-LesteVisa on arrival[236]30 days
TogoeVisa[237][238]15 days
TongaVisa required[239]
Trinidad and TobagoVisa required[240]
TunisiaVisa required[241]
TurkeyVisa required[242][243][244]
TurkmenistanVisa required[245]
TuvaluVisa on arrival[246]1 month
UgandaeVisa[247]3 months
UkraineeVisa[249][250]
United Arab EmirateseVisa[251]
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[252]
United KingdomVisa required[253]
United StatesVisa required[254]*May not apply for an Immigrant visahttps://www.financialexpress.com/business/investing-abroad-us-border-crackdown-39-countries-face-travel-entry-ban-38-need-visa-bonds-4107113/[255]
UruguayVisa required[256]
UzbekistaneVisa[257]30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[258]
VanuatuVisa required[259]
Vatican CityVisa required[260]
  • Open borders butde facto follows Italian visa policy.
VenezuelaVisa required[261]
VietnameVisa[262][263]
YemenVisa required[265]
ZambiaVisa not required[266]90 days
ZimbabweeVisa / Visa on arrival[267][268]3 months
  • 30 days for visits on business, 3 months for tourists

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section istranscluded fromNon-visa travel restrictions.(edit |history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a validvisa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[269] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles:Vaccination requirements for international travel andInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

The African countries ofAngola,Benin,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Republic of the Congo,Côte d'Ivoire,Equatorial Guinea,Gabon,Gambia,Ghana,Guinea-Bissau,Kenya,Liberia,Mali,Mauritania,Niger,Rwanda,Senegal,Sierra Leone andTogo,South Sudan,Uganda, andZambia, requireall incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[270] to have a currentInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory ofFrench Guiana.[271]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[272][273]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[274][275] or even accept passports that have already expired (butnot been cancelled).[276]

Some countries, such as Japan,[277] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[278] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[279] Bhutan, Botswana,British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[280] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[281] Philippines,[282] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[283]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand.Similarly, theEEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, allEuropean Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[284] and South Africa.

Maximum passport age

[edit]

Countries of theSchengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry.[285]

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[286] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have acriminal record, while others impose restrictionsdepending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomatpersona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreignerpersona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[287]

Israeli stamps

[edit]

Kuwait,[288] Lebanon,[289] Libya,[290] and Yemen[291] do not allow entry to people withpassport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent thisArab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports atBen Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped atErez when passing into and out ofGaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also:Biometric identification by country

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, befingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than golandside.[292]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[293][294] Argentina,[295] Brunei, Cambodia,[296] China,[297] Ethiopia,[298] Ghana, Guinea,[299] India, Japan,[300][301] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[302] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[303] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[304] the Schengen Area,[305] Singapore, South Korea,[306] Taiwan, Thailand,[307] Uganda,[308] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implementexit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[309][310][311] intends to implementfacial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[312]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition,iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by theInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use ine-passports[313] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[314][315]

See also

[edit]

References and notes

[edit]
References
  1. ^"Henley Passport Index".
  2. ^Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^"Albania eVisa".
  5. ^"Visa regime for foreign citizens - Albania".
  6. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  7. ^Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  8. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  9. ^Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  10. ^"Antigua and Barbuda eVisa website".
  11. ^Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina(in Spanish).
  12. ^"Argentina ETA".
  13. ^Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  14. ^"Armenia eVisa".
  15. ^Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  16. ^"Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
  17. ^Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  18. ^Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan(in Azerbaijani).
  19. ^eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  20. ^"EVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas".
  21. ^Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  22. ^"Kingdom of Bahrain Visa System". Archived fromthe original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved2025-04-24.
  23. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  24. ^Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  25. ^Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  26. ^Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  27. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2015-12-12. Retrieved2014-07-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  29. ^eVisa Benin
  30. ^Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia(in Spanish).
  31. ^"Bolivia Online Visa".
  32. ^Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  33. ^Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  34. ^"e-Visa Botswana". Retrieved2 June 2022.
  35. ^Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  36. ^Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  37. ^Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  38. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  39. ^"Burkina Faso e-Visa".
  40. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  41. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  42. ^https://www.evisa.gov.kh/. Retrieved10 October 2024.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  43. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  44. ^"Cameroon e-visa".
  45. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  46. ^"Entry requirements by country or territory - Canada". 17 May 2013.
  47. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  48. ^"EASE".
  49. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^"e-Visa Tchad".
  52. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^List of Agreements on Mutual Visa Exemption Between the People’s Republic of China and Foreign Countries, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 23 October 2025单方面免签政策常见问题解答 Frequently Asked Questions on Visa-free Entry into China, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 30 November 2024
  54. ^Visit Visa / Entry Permit Requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Immigration Department of Hong Kong, November 2025.Electronic Services for Visa Application, Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
  55. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  56. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  57. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  58. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  59. ^"DR Congo evisa".
  60. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^"E-Visa – Snedai Groupe". Snedai.com. Retrieved2022-03-06.
  62. ^Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  63. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  64. ^"eVisa -Cuba".
  65. ^Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  66. ^List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
  67. ^Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
  68. ^eVisa
  69. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  71. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  72. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^"PEI| Registro".
  75. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  76. ^"Equatorial Guinea Evisa".
  77. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  79. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  80. ^"Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved10 October 2024.
  81. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  83. ^Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  84. ^Gabon e-Visa
  85. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^"Georgia eVisa".
  88. ^Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  89. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  90. ^Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  91. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  97. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  98. ^Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  99. ^Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  100. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  101. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^"Iran eVisa".
  103. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  104. ^"e-Visa Portal for Iraq".
  105. ^Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  106. ^Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  107. ^Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  108. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  109. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^"MOFA - Japan".
  111. ^"JAPAN eVISA".
  112. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  113. ^"Jordan E-Services".
  114. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  115. ^"Kazakhstan eVisa".
  116. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^"Kenya Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (eTA)".www.etakenya.go.ke. Retrieved2024-10-13.
  118. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  119. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^"Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea". Archived fromthe original on 2013-07-03. Retrieved2013-07-03.
  121. ^Kuwait eVisa
  122. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  123. ^"Kyrgyzstan e-Visa".
  124. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^abc"Laos Entry and Exit Control Point".The Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved2026-01-04.
  126. ^Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  127. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^eVisa Lesotho
  129. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  131. ^"Apply for a Liberia Visa Online".E-Visa Liberia. Retrieved2025-04-11.
  132. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^"E-Visa Libya".
  134. ^Visa, Government of Liechtenstein(in German).
  135. ^Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  136. ^Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  137. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^"Madagascar eVisa".
  139. ^"Malawi e-Visa System | Malawi Visa Online | The Official e-Visa Application Portal of Malawi | Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services". Evisa.gov.mw. Retrieved2022-03-06.
  140. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^"Malaysia Electronic Visa". Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved2017-05-16.
  142. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  146. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^"Mauritania -National Agency for the Population Register and Secure Titles - eVisa".
  149. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  150. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^"Countries and regions that require a visa to travel to Mexico".
  152. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^"Moldova eVisa".
  155. ^Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  156. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  157. ^"Mongolia eVisa".
  158. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^"Decree on visa regime".
  160. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^"Accès Maroc".www.acces-maroc.ma. Retrieved2025-04-12.
  162. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  163. ^"Mozambique eVisa".
  164. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  165. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  166. ^"E-Services Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security- Namibia".
  167. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  168. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  169. ^"Nepal Online Services".
  170. ^Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  171. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  172. ^"Information about: Australian Resident Visa".immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. RetrievedMay 21, 2020.Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  173. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  174. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  176. ^"NIGERIA IMMIGRATION SERVICE".
  177. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  178. ^Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  179. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  181. ^"Online visa system of Pakistan".Ministry of Interior. Pakistan.
  182. ^"Tourist Visa".Ministry of Interior. Pakistan.
  183. ^"Business Visa in Your Inbox". Archived fromthe original on 2019-05-01. Retrieved2025-04-24.
  184. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  185. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  186. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  187. ^"PNG eVisa".
  188. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  189. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  190. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  191. ^Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  192. ^Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  193. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^"Hayya Portal".
  195. ^Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  196. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  197. ^"Electronic visa / Consular department of MFA of Russia".kdmid.ru. Retrieved30 December 2024.
  198. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  199. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  200. ^"Main Page".evisa.gov.kn. Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-21.
  201. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  202. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  205. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^"e-Visa STP".
  207. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  209. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  210. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  211. ^abInternational Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^"THE GOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE eVISA SYSTEM".
  213. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  214. ^Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  215. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  216. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  217. ^"Somalia eTAS".
  218. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  219. ^"Do I need a visa to travel to South Sudan?".Ministry of Internal Affairs. 'South Sudan.
  220. ^ab"Apply for a South Sudan Visa Online".Ministry of Internal Affairs. 'South Sudan.
  221. ^Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  222. ^Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  223. ^"Online Visa Application".www.eta.gov.lk. Department of Immigration and Emigration. Retrieved3 November 2022.
  224. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  225. ^"Who can apply for E-Visa?".suriname.vfsevisa.com. Archived fromthe original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved2019-07-20.
  226. ^"Entry-fee". Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-08. Retrieved2023-03-21.
  227. ^List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  228. ^Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  229. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  230. ^"Syria E-visa website".
  231. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  232. ^"Tajikistan e-Visa Application".
  233. ^eVisa Tanzania
  234. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  235. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  236. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  237. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  238. ^"e-Visa Togo".
  239. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  240. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  241. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  242. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  243. ^"Türkiye Visa Information For Foreigners".
  244. ^"Electronic Visa Application System".Electronic Visa Application System. Retrieved2024-10-08.
  245. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  246. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  247. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  248. ^"Uganda e-Visa".visas.immigration.go.ug.
  249. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  250. ^"Ukraine eVisa".
  251. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  252. ^"Browse Smart Service".
  253. ^UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
  254. ^Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  255. ^https://www.indiatoday.in/world/us-news/story/us-trump-suspends-immigrant-visas-75-nations-pakistan-iran-libya-myanmar-why-kuwait-thailand-bhutan-explained-2852389-2026-01-15
  256. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  257. ^Official electronic visa portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan
  258. ^"ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН О ДАЛЬНЕЙШИХ МЕРАХ ПО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОРЯДКА ВЪЕЗДА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН В РЕСПУБЛИКУ УЗБЕКИСТАН".lex.uz. 4 July 2018. Retrieved15 July 2018.
  259. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  260. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  261. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  262. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  263. ^"Viet Nam E-Visa".
  264. ^"No visa required for tourists to Phu Quoc on short stay - Vietsea Tourist - Travel to Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand | Vietnam Travel Tours". Archived fromthe original on 2017-07-01. Retrieved2014-07-09.
  265. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  266. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  267. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  268. ^"eVisa for Zimbabwe".
  269. ^Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013)."Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?".The Guardian. Retrieved13 January 2024.The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  270. ^"Yellow Fever".Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved23 August 2021.African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
  271. ^"Fièvre jaune" (in French). 2 September 2018. Retrieved27 August 2019.
  272. ^"Yellow Fever".Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved23 August 2021.African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  273. ^Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  274. ^"Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved10 October 2017.
  275. ^"Visitor Visa".travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved13 January 2024.Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  276. ^"Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports".Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived fromthe original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved6 July 2018.Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  277. ^"Frequently Asked Questions".Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved13 January 2024.Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  278. ^"Entering the UK".Gov.UK. Retrieved17 March 2021.You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  279. ^Bahrain government website
  280. ^"Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
  281. ^"Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru".Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved17 March 2021.
  282. ^"Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved17 March 2021.
  283. ^Timatic
  284. ^"Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved30 January 2021.
  285. ^"Travel documents for non-EU nationals".Your Europe.
  286. ^Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
  287. ^"No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India".The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved2020-09-29.
  288. ^"Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved2013-07-01.
  289. ^Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and TradeArchived 2008-12-24 at theWayback Machine andLebanese Ministry of TourismArchived 2009-03-27 at theWayback Machine
  290. ^"Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived fromthe original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved2013-07-01.
  291. ^"Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived fromthe original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved2013-07-01.
  292. ^Calder, Simon (24 April 2017)."Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers".The Independent.Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved7 July 2018.Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  293. ^"How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports".Countryreports.org.
  294. ^Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011)."In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data".The New York Times.
  295. ^"Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2013.
  296. ^"Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements".Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.
  297. ^"China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors".Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved7 July 2018.Effective 27 April 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  298. ^"Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise".Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  299. ^"Visa".paf.gov.gn.
  300. ^"Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move".Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  301. ^"Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World".Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
  302. ^"Immigration & Visas FAQs".Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved6 May 2019.Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  303. ^"Malaysia".CountryReports. Retrieved7 July 2018.
  304. ^"Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews".secureidnews.com. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  305. ^"The new Entry/Exit System went live on 12 October - Migration and Home Affairs".home-affairs.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved2026-01-27.
  306. ^"S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online".peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  307. ^"National News Bureau of Thailand".
  308. ^AfricaNews (2019-01-14)."Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport".Africanews. Retrieved2019-04-24.
  309. ^Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016)."Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process".Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved25 April 2019.While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  310. ^Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013)."U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border".The New York Times. Retrieved25 April 2019.Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  311. ^Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006)."Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave".The New York Times. Retrieved25 April 2019.Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  312. ^Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019)."The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country".Quartz. Retrieved2019-04-24.
  313. ^"ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition"(PDF). 2015. Retrieved23 April 2019.
  314. ^"Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport".Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  315. ^"Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE".SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved7 July 2018.The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^
    • Savannakhet Airport
    • Lanetoui - Mengkang (China)
    • Meuangmom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Banvang - Ban Khok Phai (Thailand)
    • Namngeun - Huay Kon (Thailand)
    • Paksan - Bueng Kan (Thailand)
    • Paktaphan - Pak Saeng (Thailand)
    • Pangmon - Ban Huak (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Dak ta ock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • La Lai (Vietnam)
    • Namkan (Vietnam)
    • Namphao - Cau Treo (Vietnam)
    • Namsoy - Na Meo (Vietnam)
    • Naphao - Cha Lo (Vietnam)
    • Pahang - Long Sap (Vietnam)
    • Panghok - Tây Trang (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Bo Y (Vietnam)
  2. ^
    • Vientiane (Friendship Bridge 1)
    • Savannakhet (Friendship Bridge 2)
    • Bokeo (Friendship Bridge 4)
  3. ^
    • Vientiane (Friendship Bridge 1)
    • Savannakhet (Friendship Bridge 2)
    • Khammouane (Friendship Bridge 3)
    • Bokeo (Friendship Bridge 4)
  4. ^
    • Nongnokkheane - Trapeang Kriel (Cambodia)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Golden Triangle/Samliemkham (Thailand)
    • Khamsavath railway station (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Ban Na Kraseng (Thailand)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Dansavan - Lao Bảo (Vietnam)
Visa policy by country
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Historical

1British Overseas Territories.2 These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3 Partially recognized.4Unincorporated territory of the United States.5 Part of the Kingdom of Denmark.6Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.7 Unrecognized state.

Visa requirements by citizenship
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Other

1British Overseas Territories.2Azerbaijan,Georgia,Turkey,Kazakhstan,Russia and the partially recognised republics ofAbkhazia andSouth Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3Cyprus,Armenia, and the partially recognised republic ofNorthern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe.4Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.5 Partially recognized.

Immigration law
Americas
Emblem of Bhutan
Emblem of Bhutan
Asia
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