InIndonesia,village orsubdistrict is the fourth-level subdivision and the smallest administrative division of Indonesia below adistrict,regency/city, andprovince. Similar administrative divisions outside of Indonesia includebarangays in thePhilippines,muban inThailand,civil townships and incorporatedmunicipalities in theUnited States andCanada,communes inFrance andVietnam,dehestan inIran,hromada inUkraine,Gemeinden inGermany,comuni inItaly, ormunicipios inSpain. TheUK equivalent arecivil parishes in England andcommunities in Wales. There are a number of names and types for villages in Indonesia, withdesa (rural village) being the most frequently used for regencies, andkelurahan (urban village) for cities or for those communities within regencies which have town characteristics. According to the 2019 report by theMinistry of Home Affairs, there are 8,488 urban villages and 74,953 rural villages in Indonesia.^[1]North Aceh Regency contained the highest number of rural villages (852) amongst all of the regencies of Indonesia, followed byPidie Regency with 730 rural villages andBireuen Regency with 609 rural villages.Prabumulih, with only 12 rural villages, contained the fewest. Counted together, the sixteen regencies of Indonesia containing the most rural villages—namely, North Aceh (852), Pidie (730), Bireuen (609),Aceh Besar (604),Tolikara (541),East Aceh (513),Yahukimo (510),Purworejo (469),Lamongan (462),South Nias (459),Kebumen (449),Garut (421),Bojonegoro (419),Bogor (416),Cirebon (412), andPati (401)—contain one-third of all the rural villages in Indonesia. Five of these are located inAceh, two inHighland Papua, three inCentral Java, two inEast Java, three inWest Java, and one inNorth Sumatra. An average number of rural villages in the regencies and 15 cities of Indonesia is 172 villages. A village is the lowest administrative division in Indonesia, and it is the lowest of the four levels. The average land area of villages in Indonesia is about 25.41 km² (9.81 sq mi), while its average population is about 3,723 people.

Number of rural villages in districts of Indonesia is usually varying from 40 to 50 villages. However, there are 9 districts in Indonesia with more than 60 rural villages or its variation, including:

• Abenaho,Yalimo Regency (108 kampungs)
• Dolok,North Padang Lawas Regency (86 rural villages)
• Lhoksukon,North Aceh Regency (75 gampongs)
• Peusangan,Bireuën Regency (69 gampongs)
• Krayan,Nunukan Regency (65 rural villages)
• Padang Tiji,Pidie Regency (64 gampongs)
• Pidie (town),Pidie Regency (64 gampongs)
• Padang Bolak,North Padang Lawas Regency (62 rural villages)
• Welarek,Yalimo Regency (61 kampungs)

The total number of villages in these 9 districts was 654, about 0.7% percent of 74,953 rural villages in Indonesia. However, Krayan District has subsequently been divided into three districts, containing 23, 17 and 25 villages respectively.

Kelurahan is anurban village term primarily used incities, but also tiny parts ofregencies. It is commonly translated to English assubdistrict. The leader of akelurahan is calledlurah. Major cities in Indonesia such asJakarta,Surabaya andMedan are entirely urbanised and thus no rural villages. Alurah is acivil servant appointed by thedistrict head. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 31 of 2006, akelurahan can be created with the following criteria:

• Java andBali: having at least 4,500 residents or 900 families within an area of at least 3 km².
• Sumatra andSulawesi: having at least 2,000 residents or 400 families within an area of at least 5 km².
• Kalimantan,West Nusa Tenggara,East Nusa Tenggara,Maluku, andPapua: having at least 900 residents or 180 families within an area of at least 7 km².

Akelurahan must have a government office, an established transportation network, adequate communication facilities, and public facilities. If it no longer meets the above conditions it can be abolished or combined with otherkelurahans based on the results of research and studies conducted by the city/regency government.^[2]

Desa is arural village terminology used in the majority of regencies in Indonesia, but also in tiny parts of cities.^[3] However, several provinces have adopted their own terminology for their traditional villages (desa adat). The leader of adesa does not have acivil servant status and is chosen by the public through an election. According to the Law Number 6 of 2014,desa anddesa adat are legal community units that have territorial boundaries that are authorized to regulate and administer government affairs, community interests based on community initiatives, original rights, and/or traditional rights recognized and respected in the government system of the Republic of Indonesia.^[4]

Variations ofdesa terminology in Indonesia include:

• Gampong inAceh^[5]
• Nagari inWest Sumatra^[a][6]
• Dusun inBungo Regency (Jambi)^[b]
• Nagori inSimalungun Regency (North Sumatra)
• Kampung in some places in Indonesia:^[c]
  • Lampung (inCentral Lampung,Tulang Bawang,Way Kanan, andWest Tulangbawang regencies)
  • East Kalimantan (inBerau,Mahakam Ulu, andWest Kutai regencies)
  • Provinces inWestern New Guinea
• Pekon inPringsewu,Tanggamus, andWest Lampung regencies (Lampung)
• Tiyuh inWest Tulang Bawang Regency (Lampung)
• InBali, there are two forms ofdesa, i.e.desa dinas (service village) anddesa adat (cultural village). Desa dinas deals with administrative functions, while desa adat deals with religious and cultural functions.^[7]
• Lembang inTana Toraja andNorth Toraja regencies (South Sulawesi)^[8]
• Kalurahan inSpecial Region of Yogyakarta^[9]
• Negeri (distinct fromdesa) in islands ofAmbon andSeram (Maluku)
• Ohoi andFinua inSoutheast Maluku andTual (Maluku)

• Village-owned enterprise (Indonesian:Badan Usaha Milik Desa), a type of company that is managed and established by an Indonesian village
• Other similar administrative divisions found outside Indonesia:
  • Communes of France
  • Barangay
  • Muban
  • Commune (Vietnam)
  • Incorporated municipality
  • Civil township
  • Community (Wales)
  • Civil parish
  • Dehestan (administrative division)
  • Comune
  • Municipalities of Germany
  • Hromada
  • Municipalities of Spain

• ^{^[a]} exceptMentawai Islands Regency
• ^{^[b]} In other places, "dusun" is an administrative division form below "desa".
• ^{^[c]} In other places, "kampung" is equal with "dusun", except in Bungo, Jambi.

• Fourth-level administrative divisions by country
• Lists of subdivisions of Indonesia

• CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)
• Articles with short description
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• Articles containing Italian-language text
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