Villa Belvoir (Belvoirpark) | |
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![]() Villa Belvoir as seen from upper park area | |
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General information | |
Type | mansion and park |
Architectural style | Neoclassical architecture |
Location | Enge (Zürich),Switzerland |
Address | Seestrasse 125, CH-8002 Zürich |
Coordinates | 47°21′26.01″N8°32′1.1″E / 47.3572250°N 8.533639°E /47.3572250; 8.533639 |
Construction started | 1828 |
Completed | 1831 |
Technical details | |
Floor count | 3 |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Heinrich Escher |
TheVilla Belvoir is a mansion in Zürich-Enge built between 1828 and 1831. It is registered in theSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance along with theBelvoirpark, one of the largestpublic parks andarboreta in the city of Zürich in Switzerland.
Lydia Escher's (1858–1891) grandfather Heinrich Escher (1776–1853) had built the country houseBelvoir, situated on the east shore ofLake Zurich in the then village ofEnge, which is now a district of the city of Zürich. The area houses theHotelfachschule Belvoirpark and is one of the largest public parks in Zürich. Public transport is provided by theZürich Tram route 7 and by the bus lines 161 and 165.
Heinrich Escher bought in 1826 the so-called «Wyssbühel», a vine-covered hill on Zürichsee lakeshore. According to his own plans, the top of the hill was removed and the material used for populations on the swampy banks. The area was planted with exotic trees, which partly came fromNorthern America. TheHigh Neoclassical mansion in the centre of the complex was built between 1828 and 1831. Heinrich Escher, Lydia Zolliker and their children Clementina andAlfred Escher (1819–1882) were the first inhabitants, establishing the Escher's family tradition to Alred's daughterLydia Escher to 1890. In addition to his scientific collections and studies, Heinrich Escher dedicated himself especially the design and maintenance of his estate, which he calledBelvoir (beautiful view in French).
On occasion of the construction of the so-calledlinksufrige Seeuferbahn (literally: left lakeside railway) in 1872, the spacious estate lost the direct access to the lake. Alfred Escher died in 1882, and he inherited the estate to his daughter Lydia; after her suicide in 1891, the estate was the base to establish theGottfried Keller Foundation and was bequeathed to the Swiss Confederation (Eidgenossenschaft). The Federal Council acted as the administrator of the foundation, and planned to sell the estate, to meet Lydia Escher's conditions attached to the gift. When this became known, prominent Zürich citizens formed a committee to save the park for the public use. As the city government was unable to raise the money to buy the estarte, the city's population bought shares for the rescue of the park, and within some days the required capital was provided. To finance the maintenance, theBelvoirpark-society (Belvoirpark-Gesellschaft) sold along theSeestrasse road some building plots. In 1901 the city of Zürich was able to take over the property, and thanked its citizens to have prevent theappalling loss of unsheathed. The villa was rebuilt in 1925 to host the thenHotel- und Wirtefachschule mit Restaurantbetrieb Belvoir.[1] As of today, the villa also is used by theWollishofen guild, but it primarily houses the restaurantBelvoir Park which is operated by the students of the hotel management schoolBelvoirpark Hotelfachschule.
The Belvoirpark is one of Zürich's earliest landscape gardens and attracted much admiration on the occasion of its opening. At that time, both its location with magnificent views of the city, the lake and the mountains, as well the varied and exciting terrain design and the present, exceptionally crafted arboretum, attracted. In 1881, a double row ofPopulus trees marked the access to the villa, which led to the greenhouse and the stables. On the highest point of the area, the villa is situated, nestled in large groups of trees. The parterre of flowers with Banana palms, fountain and carpet beds extends in the southeasterly direction. At its southern end, at the edge of the artificially flattened hilltop, lake and mountains can be seen. A large vegetable garden completes the park in the southwestern corner with the economics building.
The childhood friend ofLydia Escher's husband,Karl Stauffer-Bern, was allowed to set up a studio in the greenhouse of the Belvoirpark in 1886. In 1889 Stauffer initiated the idea, to re-design the park after Italian landscapes and architecture. When the work was nearly completed, the family planned to move to Italy, and Lydia and her husband traveled to Florence, where they were looking for a new property with the help of Stauffer. Among the various specimens, there areAcer buergeranum,Magnolia × soulangeana,Rhododendron,Ginkgo biloba,Carya,Campsis radicans,Abies cephalonica,Abies pinsapo andPodocarpus chinensis. In 1895, a project was implemented by Evariste Mertens comprising a Baroque jewelry investment with lawn tennis courts and a generous croquet square.
Fourteen years later a heated pond to the presentation of tropical aquatic plants was installed, being a reminiscent of the jungle-like structures of theBrissago Islands. The border and scenic shore planting mark the transition into the native flora with subtropical and some flowering plants. The transformation of the flower terrace was done in 1923. A larger well should be built, andHermann Haller created a bronze sculpture on the base of the old fountain. In 1933, the largest rebuilt of the park took place with the extension of theAlfred-Escher-Strasse toWollishofen, therefore in the north an area of 1,500 square meters and in the south around 2,100 square meters went lost. TheChestnut as well as theElm trees had been cut without substitution, the tennis courts disappeared, and a new entrance was built. Only the lakeside entrance to the Park still corresponds to the park borders around 1830.[2]
TheSchneeligut area integrated on occasion of the 1939 Swiss national exhibition, and the grotto of Karl Stauffer had to be replaced. On occasion of theG59 exhibition, the central puplic square in the garden was rebuilt, and the free-standing wall with the Pergola at the lily pool and theIridae gardens establisblished.[2] In 1985, the garden area with theIrideae, the so-calledIrisgarten, was redesigned by Walter Frischknecht. About 120 different types ofIridae bloom from March (miniature Iris) until July (Iris barbata), and there grow, among many others,Iris pseudacorus andPeony.[3][4]
The area of the park and the mansion and assiciotaed buildings are listed in theSwiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as aClass A object of national importance.[5] The associated buildings, the former stables and the greenhouse, are not publicly accessible.