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Vikas (rocket engine)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian rocket engine
Vikas
Model of the Vikas engine
Country of originIndia
Designer
ManufacturerGodrej & Boyce and MTAR Technologies[1]
PredecessorViking
StatusActive
Liquid-fuel engine
PropellantN2O4 /UDMH
CycleGas generator
Performance
Thrust850kN[2]
Chamberpressure6.2MPa (62bar)[3][4]
Specific impulse, vacuum293 seconds (2.87 km/s)[3]
Specific impulse, sea-level262 seconds (2.57 km/s)[3]
Dimensions
Length3.70 m (12.1 ft)(Vikas-4B)
Dry mass120 in (3,000 mm)
Used in
2nd stage ofPSLV andGSLV
Main stage L110 ofLVM3

TheVikas (aportmanteau from initials ofVIKramAmbalalSarabhai[5][6] ) is a family of hypergolicliquid fuelledrocket engines conceptualized and designed by theLiquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in the 1970s.[7][8] The design was based on the licensed version of theViking engine with the chemical pressurisation system.[9] The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents.[10] It is used in thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV),Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) andLVM3 for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of LVM3. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in LVM3 is 55 tons.

History

[edit]

In 1974,Societe Europeenne de Propulsion agreed to transferViking engine technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 byNambi Narayanan and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.[11]

Technical details

[edit]
PSLV-C50 second stage with Vikas engine

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons ofUDMH as fuel andNitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable ofgimballing.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in theGSAT 6A launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions.[12]

Variants

[edit]
TypeNozzle

Diameter

(m)

Length

(m)

Nozzle

Area Ratio

Chamber

pressure

(MPa)

FuelMix RateFlow rate

(t/sec)

Thrust(kN)Specific Impulse (Ns/kg)Launcher Stages
Sea LevelVacuumSea LevelVacuum
Booster/first stage
Vikas-2~1.00~2.7513.95.30UDMH /N2O41.860.2469600.5680.524322756GSLV Mk.I L40H Strapon
Vikas-2B~1.00~2.7513.95.30UH 25 /N2O41.870.2710677.7765.525012824GSLV Mk.II L40H Strapon
Vikas-X~1.80~3.75UH 25 /N2O40.2805756.5839.026972991LVM3 L110 stage
Second stage
Vikas-4~1.50~3.505.35UDMH /N2O41.860.2498-725.02903GSLV Mk.I GS2 stage,PSLV PS2 stage
Vikas-4B~1.80~3.705.85UH 25 /N2O41.710.2716-804.52962GSLV Mk.II GS2 stage,PSLV PS2 stage
References:[13]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers".Business Today. 8 December 2013. Retrieved14 February 2014.
  2. ^India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking enginesArchived 2015-12-22 at theWayback Machine Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014
  3. ^abcPSLV Launch Vehicle Information Space Flight 101 24 December 2014
  4. ^"With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine". Retrieved21 May 2022.
  5. ^M Ramesh (18 December 2014)."Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines".The Hindu Business Line.
  6. ^Narayanan, Nambi; Ram, Arun (2018).Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 191.ISBN 978-93-86826-27-5.
  7. ^"ISRO tests Vikas engine".The Hindu. 3 December 2001. Archived fromthe original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved11 December 2012.
  8. ^K.S. Jayaraman (2 August 2009)."Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving". Thaindian.com. IANS.Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved11 December 2012.
  9. ^Sutton, George Paul (2006).History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 799.ISBN 9781563476495.
  10. ^Sutton, George Paul (2006).History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 882.ISBN 9781563476495.
  11. ^Muthunayagam, A.E (10 December 2015). Rao, P.V. Manoranjan (ed.).From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey. Harper Collins. p. 344.ISBN 978-93-5177-690-1. Archived fromthe original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved1 July 2022.
  12. ^Clark, Stephen (29 March 2018)."India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved30 March 2018.
  13. ^Brügge, Norbert."India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines".B14643 Internet Presentation to Space Launch Vehicles. Norbert Brügge. Archived fromthe original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved11 December 2015.

External links

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Liquid
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  • * Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
  • Engines initalics are/were under development
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