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Vijaynagar
Village
Vijaynagar Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India Show map of Arunachal Pradesh Vijaynagar Vijaynagar (India) Show map of India
Coordinates:27°11′31″N96°59′59″E / 27.19194°N 96.99972°E /27.19194; 96.99972
Country	India
State	Arunachal Pradesh
District	Changlang
Established	1965
Founded by	Maj. Gen. Ajit Singh Guraya
Named after	Vijay Nagar
Elevation	1,240 m (4,070 ft)
Languages
• Official	English
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Postal code	792055
ISO 3166 code	IN-AR
Vehicle registration	AR

Vijoynagar (also known asVijay Nagar andVijaynagar) is a remote town andcircle headquarter in theChanglang district of southArunachal Pradesh inNortheast India. It is located in the easternmost inhabited area of the country, bordered byMyanmar on three sides and theNamdapha National Park on the other.^[1]

This area was part ofNorth-East Frontier Agency. In a 1961–1962 expedition led by theAssam Rifles,^[2] Maj. Gen A.S Gauraya found an unexplored serene landscape of Indian territory between the three-sided border of Burma (Myanmar) and named the region Vijaynagar after Gauraya's son "Vijay".^{[citation needed]} After the settlement process was initiated by theNorth East Frontier Agency (now known asArunachal Pradesh), two hundredGurkha families of Assam Rifles soldiers (95% of whom areGurkhas) settled there.

Vijoynagar is 157 km (98 mi) from the nearest navigable road in India located atMiao by foot. It is bordered to the south and east byMyanmar, and to the north by a thick forest of theNamdapha National Park. Nearby Indian cities areMiao,Hayuliang, andTezu.Putao is the nearest city inMyanmar.

Noa Dihing River, also locally known as theNam Dhing andDihing River, which originates near Chaukan Pass and flows westward intoAssam in India as a tributary of theBrahmaputra River. Vijaynagar and the valleys and passes around it lie in the basin of this river.^[3]

Patkai Bum range surrounds the Noa Dihing River valley and Vijaynagar from 3 sides and all the passes around Vijaynagar lie in this subrange. Patkai Bum range is a sub-range of thePatkai hills in southeastern Arunachal Pradesh. This mountain chain forms part of the natural boundary between India and Myanmar. The range is known for its forested ridges, rugged terrain, and conical peaks, and plays a vital role in regional ecology and hydrology. The Patkai range is historically significant as part of ancient trade and migration routes between Northeast India and Upper Burma.^[4] Forming part of the largerPurvanchal Range, the Patkai Hills are characterized by steep slopes, conical peaks, and deep valleys. The range is densely forested and supports a rich biodiversity, including rare species such as theHoolock gibbon and varioushornbill species. The Patkai Hills are not as rugged as the Himalayas, with peaks generally lower in elevation. One of the significant passes in this range is the Pangsau Pass, which historically served as a strategic route during World War II. The Patkai Bum Range plays a crucial role in the climatic and ecological dynamics of the northeastern region of India.^[5]

Following passes, around Vijaynagar valley, lie in this subrange:

Gphuka Pass (approx. 2,200 m) lies roughly 14 km northwest of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It provides a route between India and Myanmar through the Patkai hills, marked by Border Pillar No. 182. The Nam Dihing River flows nearby in India, and the area beyond the pass falls into the basin of the Chindwin River in Myanmar. The nearest peak isShawngshan Bum (2,448 m).^[6]

Hpungan Pass (3,072 m) is situated north of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh, and is part of the border trail system in the eastern Patkai range. It is marked by Border Pillar No. 185. The Indian side is drained by the Nam Dihing River, and the Myanmar side by tributaries of the Chindwin River. The nearest notable peak isPhongan Razi (3,635 m).^[7]

Mugaphi Pass (3,650 m) is located approximately 24 km east of Vijaynagar in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh. It is one of the highest passes in the region and part of the cross-border route into Myanmar. Border Pillar No. 184 is nearby. The Nam Dihing River lies on the Indian side, while the Myanmar side leads into the Chindwin River system. The closest peak is Phongan Razi (3,635 m).^[8]

Chaukan Pass (2,448 metres), approximately 25 km southeast of Vijaynagar in Arunachal Pradesh, is a significant saddle on theIndia–Myanmar border between two peaksChaukan Bum (3,046 m) in north andChawngshan Bum (3,287 m) in south all of which lie on junction of Patkai andKumon mountain ranges. Marked by the Border Pillar No. 183, established in 1971, and is surrounded by dense tropical forests and rugged terrain. The pass historically served as a route towardPutao, the nearest settlement in Myanmar located approximately 60 km to the northeast accessible via challenging trails through theHukawng Valley, in Myanmar'sKachin State. The Noa Dihing River flows westward into Assam in India. On the Myanmar side, the pass descends into the basin of theNamyang River (also known as the Namyang River, not to be confused with similarly namedNamwan River), which eventually joins theChindwin River.^[3][9]

Today, Vijoynagar Headquarters and the Vijoyanagar Sub-Division consist of a cluster of 14 villages on the border with Myanmar: Ramnagar, Chididi, Majgoan, Two-hut, Budhamandir, Phaparbari, Daragoan, Gehrigaon, Topi-Hill, Preeti Nagar, (Assam Rifle settlers) Hazolo, Sidikuh, Twohut and Dawadi (Yobin inhabitants). This border town is also known as Daudi in the local language of the Lisu (Yobin) people who reside there.^[10]

The area comprises sixteen villages with a population of approximately 4,500 people, including a significant number of families of retired Assam Rifles Gurkha personnel and members of the indigenousLisu people (Yobin) who speak a tonalLisu language part ofTibeto-Burman language family.^[11] According to the 2011 census, Vijoynagar has a population of 4,438.^[12]

Educational infrastructure includes several primary schools and a government-run secondary school offering education up to the tenth standard.^[11]

Vijaynagar, with progressively improving connectivity, is emerging as a destination for eco and rural tourism in Arunachal Pradesh.^{[original research?]} The region is surrounded by the forests of the Namdapha National Park and bordered by Myanmar on three sides. The Arunachal Pradesh government has recognised its potential, with initiatives aimed at enhancing connectivity and promoting sustainable tourism.^[13] Local communities, particularly in villages like Hazolo, are participating in tourism development.^{[citation needed]} These villages, inhabited by the Yobin/Lisu tribe, are known for their artisans and craftsmen who produce high-quality handmade products. Tourism awareness programmes have been organised to educate villagers on hospitality, conservation, and the preservation of their cultural heritage. Such initiatives aim to transform Vijaynagar into a tourist destination, fostering economic growth while preserving its cultural and natural assets.^[14][tone]

Tourist attractions include the following:

• Mandatory Permits Required: The region's isolation and proximity to the Myanmar border necessitate permits: anInner Line Permit (ILP) for Indian tourists and aProtected Area Permit (PAP) for foreign tourists.^[15]
• Trekking in Vijoynagar

Vijaynagar provides numerous cultural enrichment and eco-tourism trekking and driving opportunities to several villages and passes in the area.

• Namdapha National Park

Located adjacent to Vijaynagar, Namdapha National Park is the fourth-largest national park in India, spanning 1,985 km². It is a biodiversity hotspot in theEastern Himalayas, hosting over 1,000 floral and 1,400 faunal species, including rare species like thesnow leopard,clouded leopard,red panda, andHoolock gibbon. The park offers trekking, camping, and birdwatching, with campsites like Deban and Hornbill for nature enthusiasts. The best time to visit is October to March.^[15][16]

Visitors require an Inner Line Permit (ILP) for entry into Arunachal Pradesh and a tourist permit from the Field Director's Office at Namdapha.^[15]

• Gandhigram and Vijaynagar Inspection Bungalows

Maintained by the Public Works Department (PWD), these inspection bungalows in Gandhigram and Vijaynagar serve as accommodation options for tourists. They provide a base for exploring the remote region, though advance reservations through the Field Director's Office at Namdapha are recommended. Visitors are advised to carry provisions, as food options are limited.^[17]

• Vijaynagar Advanced Landing Ground (ALG)

Operated by theIndian Air Force, the Vijaynagar ALG is a key logistical point in this remote area. While primarily a military site, its strategic location near the Myanmar border may interest visitors curious about the region's geopolitical significance.^[1]

• Miao Museum

Situated near the Field Director's Office of Namdapha National Park, the Miao Museum, maintained by park authorities, displays animal specimens from Namdapha, including mammal pelts and bird skins, offering insights into the biodiversity of theMishmi Hills.^[17][18]

• Miao Mini Zoo

Located opposite the Miao Museum, the Miao Mini Zoo houses species native to Namdapha, such asslow loris,Assamese macaque,pig-tailed macaque,Hoolock gibbon,leopard cat,porcupine, andHimalayan palm civet. It provides an educational experience for tourists interested in the region's wildlife.^[17]

Until the Miao-Vijoynagar Road is fully constructed and/or Vijoynagar Airport is brought under the UDAN scheme, a challenging 6-day trek from Miao is required (2025 update).^[1]

• Air
  • Helicopter: Helicopter services from Mohanbari Airport inDibrugarh inAssam or Miao in Arunachal Pradesh is available on Tuesdays and Thursdays, subject to availability.^[1]
  • Vijoynagar Airport, also called the VijaynagarAdvanced Landing Ground, is a military airport and not yet open for the civilian traffic as of 2025. This is the 8th Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) in Arunachal Pradesh which was upgraded by theIndian Airforce (IAF) andIndian Army in September 2019 to allow the landing of fighter jets and large transport planes.^[12][19] There are demands to bring this underUDAN regional connectivity for the scheduled commercial civilian flights.^[20]
• Railway
  • Margherita railway station in Assam is the nearest existing station, approximately 220 km east of Vijoynagar, and 65 km from Miao.
• Road
  • Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway (APFH) has Vijoynagar as its western terminus point. It is a 2,000 km (1,200 mi) road following theMcMahon Line fromMago (Tawang) andThingbu to Vijoynagar.^{[21][22][23][24]} A map of the proposed route can be seenhere andhere.^[25] Before being upgraded to the AFPH, the Vijoynagar-Miao road, costing ₹225 crores,^[12] construction was completed in 2019.^[19]remo
  • There are plans to extend this APFH toPutao Airport in Myanmar under theLook East policy, thus connecting it to both India's and Myanmar's national highway networks.
  • Local mettled link roads to villages around Vijaynagar were built and upgraded in 2019.^[19]

• List of extreme points of India
• Ledo Road

• Villages in Changlang district

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