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Vietnamese Braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille alphabet of the Vietnamese language
Vietnamese Braille
Script type
Alphabet
Print basis
Vietnamese alphabet
LanguagesVietnamese
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille

Vietnamese Braille is thebraille alphabet used for theVietnamese language. It is very close toFrench Braille (and thus to a lesser degree toEnglish Braille), but with the addition of tone letters. Vietnamese Braille is known in Vietnamese aschữ nổi, literally "raised letters", while electronic braille displays are calledmàn hình chữ nổi.

Alphabet

[edit]

Apart fromđ (which is brailled as[1] and the addition of five tone letters, the Vietnamese Braille alphabet is nearly identical toFrench Braille: the only other difference is the substitution of Vietnameseư ơ for Frenchü œ, and the dropping of those letters which are not needed in Vietnamese. However, because of the tone letters, the design is different: Vietnamese Braille has separate letters for vowels and tones, so the French Braille letters foré à è ù are not used; they are written instead as tone ◌́ or ◌̀ plus the vowelsa e u.

Vietnamese Braille[2][3]
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
  
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
(caps)
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
đ
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
(num)
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
â
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
ê
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
ô
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ư
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ơ
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
ă
⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 :
⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
.
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
◌̉
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
 
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
 
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
◌́
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
 
⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)
◌̀
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
 
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
◌̃
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
◌̣
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
1
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
2
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
3
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
4
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
5
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
6
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
7
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
8
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
9
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
0
⠀ (braille pattern blank)
(space)
  • One braille letter is used for each Latin letter.
  • Tone letters (transcribing the diacritics ◌̉ ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̃ ◌̣) are written immediately before the vowel.

For example,

Mànhìnhchữnổi.
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
cap–m–◌̀–a–nh–◌̀–i–n–hc–h–◌̃–ưn–◌̉–ô–i–stop

Punctuation

[edit]
⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 :
⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
.
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
“...”
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
 ?
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 !
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
...
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
-
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
*
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)...⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
(...)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)...⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
[...] OR {...}
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
/

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ In 2009, Vietnamese Braille changed so thatđ is produced with dots;d andz follow French braille. (Braille in Asia published by the Mitsubishi Foundation and distributed by the Japan Braille Library).
  2. ^"A photo of a braille chart at a Vietnamese school". Archived fromthe original on 2024-05-28. Retrieved2006-08-11.
  3. ^Sao Mai Education Fund
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