Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Vermont Senate

Coordinates:44°15′44″N72°34′51″W / 44.26222°N 72.58083°W /44.26222; -72.58083
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Upper house of the Vermont General Assembly
Vermont State Senate
Vermont General Assembly
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
New session started
January 8, 2025
Leadership
John S. Rodgers (R)
since January 9, 2025
Philip Baruth (D)
since January 4, 2023
Majority Leader
Kesha Ram Hinsdale (D)
since January 8, 2025
Minority Leader
Scott Beck (R)
since January 8, 2025
Structure
Seats30
Political groups
Majority (17)

Minority (13)

Length of term
2 years
AuthoritySection 7, Legislative Department,Constitution of Vermont
Salary$733.04 per week plus per diem during session
Elections
Last election
November 5, 2024
Next election
November 3, 2026
RedistrictingLegislative control
Meeting place
State Senate Chamber,
Vermont State House
Montpelier, Vermont, U.S.
Website
Vermont State Senate

TheVermont Senate is theupper house of theVermont General Assembly, thestate legislature of theU.S. state ofVermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there isno limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and theU.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejectinggubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the statecabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at theVermont State House in the state capital ofMontpelier.

Districting and terms

[edit]

The 30 senators are elected from 16 single- and multi-member senate districts.[1] The districts largely correspond to the boundaries of the state's14 counties with adjustments to ensure equality of representation.[1] Each district elects between 1 and 3 senators at-large depending on population.[1] For the 2023–2033 districts, seven districts elect one senator each, four districts elect two each, and five districts elect three each.[2] Senators in multi-member districts are electedat-large throughout the district.[1] Vermont is the only state to have any senate districts represented by more than two senators each, as well as the only state to employbloc voting for senate elections.[3]

Vermont is one of the 14 states where theupper house of itsstate legislature serves non-staggered, two-year terms, rather than the more common four-year term.[4] There are no term limits.[5] The governor is empowered to fill legislative vacancies; the party of the previous holder of the seat almost always recommends candidates, and the governor usually chooses an appointee from that list, though this process is a tradition and not legally required.[6][7][8]

Leadership

[edit]

Thelieutenant governor of Vermont serves as the president of the Senate, but casts a vote only if required to break a tie.[9] In the absence of the lieutenant governor, thepresidentpro tempore presides over the Senate.[10] The presidentpro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation from the entire body through a Senate resolution, and is the Senate's chief leadership position.[11] Themajority andminority leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses.[11][12]

Committee assignments are determined by the Committee on Committees.[13] This panel consists of the lieutenant governor, the presidentpro tempore and one member chosen by the full Senate.[13] From 1997 to 2024 the third member of the committee wasRichard Mazza.[14] As of 2025, the third member isGinny Lyons.[15]

Composition of the Senate (2025–2027 legislative session)

[edit]
AffiliationParty
(shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
DemocraticProgressiveRepublicanVacant
End 20122118300
2013-20142027300
Begin 20151939300
End 20168291[a]
2017-20182127300
Begin 20192226300
Begin 20212127300
Begin 20232217300
Begin 202516113300
October 22, 2025[17]12291
November 14, 2025[18]11282
Latest voting share60.7%39.3%

Current leadership

[edit]
PositionNamePartyResidenceDistrict
PresidentJohn RodgersRepGlover
–
Presidentpro temporePhilip BaruthDem/ProgBurlingtonChittenden-Central
Majority LeaderKesha Ram HinsdaleDemShelburneChittenden-Southeast
Assistant Majority Leader (Whip)Rebecca WhiteDemHartfordWindsor
Minority LeaderScott BeckRepSt. JohnsburyCaledonia
Assistant Minority Leader (Whip)Brian CollamoreRepRutlandRutland

Current members

[edit]
DistrictRepresentativePartyResidenceFirst elected
AddisonSteven HeffernanRepBristol2024
Ruth HardyDemEast Middlebury2018
Bennington[19]Seth BongartzDemManchester2024
(1987–1989)
Robert PlunkettDemBennington2024
CaledoniaScott BeckRepSt. Johnsbury2024[20]
Chittenden-CentralPhilip BaruthDem/ProgBurlington2010
Martine GulickDemBurlington2022
Tanya VyhovskyProg/DemEssex2022
Chittenden-NorthChristopher MattosRepMilton2024
Chittenden-SoutheastThomas ChittendenDemSouth Burlington2020
Virginia V. LyonsDemWilliston2000
Kesha Ram HinsdaleDemShelburne2020
EssexRuss IngallsRepNewport2020
FranklinRandy BrockRepSwanton2017↑
(2009–2013)
Robert NorrisRepSheldon2022
Grand IslePatrick BrennanRepColchester2024
LamoilleRichard A. WestmanRepHyde Park2010
OrangeVacant[b]
OrleansVacant[c]
RutlandBrian CollamoreRepRutland Town2014
David WeeksRepProctor2022
Terry WilliamsRepPoultney2022
WashingtonAnn CummingsDemMontpelier1996
Andrew PerchlikDem/ProgMontpelier2018
Anne WatsonDem/ProgMontpelier2022
WindhamWendy HarrisonDemBrattleboro2022
Nader HashimDemDummerston2022
WindsorAlison H. ClarksonDemWoodstock2016
Joe MajorDemHartford2024
Rebecca WhiteDemHartford2022
  • ↑: Member was originally appointed

Operations

[edit]

The full Senate meets Tuesday and Friday mornings only for the first seven weeks of the annual session.[21]

The Vermont Senate is aided by a small administrative staff, including the secretary of the Vermont Senate and several assistants.[22] Since 2011, the Senate secretary has been John H. Bloomer, a former member of the Senate.[23] Previous secretaries includeErnest W. Gibson Jr.,Murdock A. Campbell, andFranklin S. Billings Jr.[23]

Secretaries of the Vermont Senate since 1836 include:[24][25][26][27]

History

[edit]
See also:Political party strength in Vermont

Vermont originally had aunicameral legislature; most of the functions normally performed by an upper legislative house were the responsibility of thegovernor andcouncil.[28] The state abolished the governor's council and added a senate via an 1836 constitutional amendment.[29]

The longest-serving member of the Vermont Senate wasWilliam T. Doyle; he was elected in 1968, reelected every two years until 2014, and defeated for reelection in 2016.[30] Doyle served from January 1969 to January 2017;[30] no other legislator in Vermont history—member of theVermont House, member of the Vermont Senate, or member of both the House and Senate—has served longer than Doyle.[31]

Former districts, 2002–2022

[edit]

The following is from the Vermont Secretary of State.[32]

DistrictSenators
Addison2
Bennington2
Caledonia2
Chittenden6
Essex-Orleans2
Franklin2
Grand Isle1
Lamoille1
Orange1
Rutland3
Washington3
Windham2
Windsor3

Notable members

[edit]

For more than 100 years from the 1850s to the 1960s, theVermont Republican Party won every election for statewide office.[33] In addition, the state legislature frequently included few or even no Democrats. For example, in 1878, the State Senate was made up of 30 Republicans and no Democrats, while the State House of 246 included 227 Republicans and 14 Democrats, with five towns unrepresented.[34] In keeping with the"Mountain Rule", which was created to ensure party unity, governors and lieutenant governors were from opposite sides of theGreen Mountains, and were limited to two years in office.[35] Candidates for these offices were agreed upon by Republican leaders years in advance, and were often chosen for leadership positions in the House or Senate to groom them for statewide office.[36]

Governors

[edit]

Most individuals who have served as governor or lieutenant governor had experience in the Vermont legislature; many served in the State Senate. Governors who served in the Vermont Senate include:

William A. Palmer (post-governorship);[37]Horace Eaton;[38]Carlos Coolidge (post-governorship);[39]John S. Robinson;[40]Frederick Holbrook;[41]Paul Dillingham;[42]George Whitman Hendee;[43]John Wolcott Stewart;[44]Julius Converse;[45]Horace Fairbanks;[46]Redfield Proctor;[47]Roswell Farnham;[48]John L. Barstow;[49]Ebenezer J. Ormsbee;[50]William P. Dillingham;[51]Carroll S. Page;[52]Levi K. Fuller;[53]Josiah Grout;[54]John G. McCullough;[55]Charles J. Bell;[56]Fletcher D. Proctor;[57]George H. Prouty;[58]John A. Mead;[59]Allen M. Fletcher;[60]Charles W. Gates;[61]Percival W. Clement;[62]Redfield Proctor Jr.;[63]John E. Weeks;[64]Stanley C. Wilson;[65]Charles Manley Smith;[66]William H. Wills;[67]Mortimer R. Proctor;[68]Lee E. Emerson;[69]Joseph B. Johnson;[70]Philip H. Hoff (post-governorship);[71]Peter Shumlin;[72] andPhil Scott (incumbent).[73]

Lieutenant governors

[edit]

Vermont's lieutenant governors who served in the state senate include:

Waitstill R. Ranney,[74]Leonard Sargeant,[75]William C. Kittredge,[76]Jefferson P. Kidder,[77]Burnham Martin,[78]Levi Underwood,[79]Abraham B. Gardner,[80]Stephen Thomas,[81]George N. Dale,[82]Russell S. Taft,[83]Lyman G. Hinckley,[84]Eben Pomeroy Colton,[85]Henry A. Fletcher,[86]Farrand Stewart Stranahan,[87]Zophar Mansur,[88]Nelson W. Fisk,[89]Henry C. Bates,[90]Martin F. Allen,[91]Zed S. Stanton,[92]Charles H. Stearns,[93]Leighton P. Slack,[94]Hale K. Darling,[95]Roger W. Hulburd,[96]Abram W. Foote,[97]Walter K. Farnsworth,[98]Consuelo N. Bailey,[99]Robert S. Babcock,[100]T. Garry Buckley,[101]Barbara Snelling (post-lieutenant governorship),[102]Doug Racine,[103]David Zuckerman,[104] andJohn S. Rodgers (incumbent).[105]

Members of Congress

[edit]

Many of Vermont's members of theUnited States Senate andUnited States House of Representatives also served in the Vermont Senate.

U.S. senators includeSamuel S. Phelps,[106]George F. Edmunds,[107]Jonathan Ross,[108]Porter H. Dale,[109]Frank C. Partridge,[110]Ernest Willard Gibson,[111]Jim Jeffords,[112] andPeter Welch (incumbent).[113]

U.S. House members who served in the Vermont Senate includeWilliam Henry,[114]Ahiman Louis Miner,[115]George Tisdale Hodges,[116]Frederick E. Woodbridge,[117]H. Henry Powers,[118]David J. Foster,[119]William Hebard,[120]Andrew Tracy,[121]William W. Grout,[122]Kittredge Haskins,[123]Frank Plumley,[124]Alvah Sabin,[125]Homer Elihu Royce,[126]Worthington Curtis Smith,[127]Bradley Barlow,[128]Augustus Young,[129]Richard W. Mallary,[130]Peter Plympton Smith,[131] andBecca Balint (incumbent).[132]

Other notable members

[edit]

Other notable members of the Vermont Senate include:

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^RepublicanNorman H. McAllister (Alburgh-Franklin) was suspended from senatorial duties in 2015 through the end of his Senate term.[16]
  2. ^RepublicanLarry Hart (Orange) resigned on November 14, 2025.[18]
  3. ^RepublicanSamuel Douglass (Orleans) resigned following being implicated in theYoung Republican group chat leaks.[17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdMearhoff, Sarah (25 March 2022)."Senate unanimously approves new district maps with little debate".VT Digger. Montpelierm Vermont. Retrieved19 February 2025.
  2. ^"Senate Redistricting for 2022"(PDF). Caliper. 2021.
  3. ^"State legislative chambers that use multi-member districts".Ballotpedia. RetrievedAug 24, 2019.
  4. ^"Number of Legislators and Length of Terms in Years".NCSL.org. Denver: National Conference of State Legislatures. 19 June 2024. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  5. ^"Guide to Law Online: Vermont; Legislative".LOC.gov. Washington, DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  6. ^Stewart, Megan (24 May 2024)."North Hero resident Andy Julow tapped to finish Dick Mazza's VT Senate term".The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  7. ^Keays, Alan J. (7 June 2017)."Three Rutland County GOP members chase Senate vacancy".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  8. ^Solsaa, Greta (31 December 2024)."Phil Scott to fill open Rutland County House seat: Republican Chris Brown ran unopposed for the seat in November".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  9. ^Feldman, Rachel (1 December 2016).Fiscal Year 2017 Budget Request(PDF). Montpelier, Vermont: Office of the Lieutenant Governor. p. 4.
  10. ^"Senate President Pro Tempore".State of Vermont. Montpelier, Vermont: Vermont General Assembly. 2024. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  11. ^abDuffort, Lola (13 November 2022)."Democrats unanimously nominate Phil Baruth to serve as president of the Vermont Senate".VT Digger. Montpelier, VT. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  12. ^Robinson, Shaun (27 November 2024)."Vermont Senate Republicans tap Scott Beck as new caucus leader".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  13. ^abHeintz, Paul (9 January 2025)."Committee leadership in the Vermont Senate sees major overhaul".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  14. ^"On Monday's Other Eclipse".The Vermont Political Observer. Montpelier, Vermont: John S. Walters. 9 April 2024. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  15. ^"New leadership in Vt. Senate".WCAX-TV. Burlington, Vermont. 16 November 2024. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  16. ^Galloway, Anne (January 6, 2016)."Vermont Senate votes to suspend McAllister".Manchester Journal. Manchester, Vermont.
  17. ^abHirschfeld, Peter (October 17, 2025)."Vermont Sen. Samuel Douglass will resign after participating in racist group chat".Vermont Public. Colchester, Vermont.
  18. ^abWeinstein, Ethan (October 29, 2025)."Orange County GOP senator resigns, local Democratic rep says she's running".VT Digger.
  19. ^"Vermont State Senate Bennington District".Ballotpedia. Retrieved28 January 2025.
  20. ^Lefrak, Mikaela."Vermont's new Senate minority leader, Republican Scott Beck".Vermont Public. Retrieved28 January 2025.
  21. ^Remsen, Nancy & Hallenbeck, Teri (January 8, 2009).Following the Legislature.Burlington Free Press.
  22. ^"Secretary of the Senate".Legislature.Vermont.gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont General Assembly. 2023. RetrievedMay 30, 2023.
  23. ^ab"State of Vermont Secretaries of the Senate, 1836–2011"(PDF).Legislature.Vermont.gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont General Assembly. 2011. p. 1. RetrievedMay 30, 2023.
  24. ^Thomas, Richard C. (1971). Berini, Sylvia R. (ed.).Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual. Burlington, Vermont: Queen City Printers. p. 319. Retrieved29 April 2025 – viaHathiTrust.
  25. ^"Obituary, Robert H. Gibson".Sun Journal. Lewiston, Maine. 10 October 1999. p. 14 – viaNewspapers.com.
  26. ^Garfolo, Chris (17 August 2010)."Gibson, 74, dies Longtime lawmaker, secretary of Senate".Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont.
  27. ^Remsen, Nancy (16 December 2015)."Senate Official John Bloomer Is Way More Than a 'Secretary'".Seven Days. Burlington, Vermont.
  28. ^Dealey, James Quayle (1915).Growth of American State Constitutions from 1776 to the End of the Year 1914. New York: Ginn and Company. p. 37 – viaGoogle Books.
  29. ^"Report of the Legislative Apportionment Board: The 2001 Tentative Plan for the Vermont Senate"(PDF). Bluehouse Group. RetrievedApril 29, 2016.
  30. ^abRobinson, Shaun (8 August 2024)."'An institution': Bill Doyle, Vermont's longest-serving state senator, dies at 98".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  31. ^"Bill Doyle, longest-serving Vermont legislator, dies at age 98".Vermont Daily Chronicle. Berlin, Vermont: Guy Page. 20 August 2024. Retrieved18 February 2025.
  32. ^"Senate Redistricting for 2012"(PDF). Vermont Secretary of State. May 9, 2012.
  33. ^Reidel, Jon (25 January 2012)."New Book Explains Vermont's Left Turn: Alums team up with professor emeritus to shed light on how Gov. Hoff ended 100 years of Republican rule".UVM News. Burlington, Vermont: University of Vermont. Retrieved19 February 2025.
  34. ^Willis, E. B.; Stockton, P. K. (1880).Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of California. Vol. I. Sacramento: J. D. Young. p. 391 – viaGoogle Books.
  35. ^Hand, Samuel B. (2002).The Star That Set: The Vermont Republican Party, 1854-1974. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 36–37.ISBN 978-0-7391-0600-6 – viaGoogle Books.
  36. ^Bryan, Frank M. (1974).Yankee Politics in Rural Vermont. Lebanon, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. p. 61.ISBN 978-0-8745-1082-9 – viaGoogle Books.
  37. ^"Biography, William A. Palmer".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  38. ^"Biography, Horace Eaton".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  39. ^"Biography, Carlos Coolidge".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  40. ^"Biography, John S. Robinson".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  41. ^"Biography, Frederick Holbrook".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  42. ^"Biography, Paul Dillingham".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  43. ^"Biography, George Whitman Hendee".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  44. ^"Biography, John Wolcott Stewart".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  45. ^"Biography, Julius Converse".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  46. ^"Biography, Horace Fairbanks".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  47. ^"Biography, Redfield Proctor".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  48. ^"Biography, Roswell Farnham".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  49. ^"Biography, John L. Barstow".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  50. ^"Biography, Ebenezer J. Ormsbee".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  51. ^"Biography, William P. Dillingham".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  52. ^"Biography, Carroll S. Page".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  53. ^"Biography, Levi K. Fuller".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  54. ^"Biography, Josiah Grout".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  55. ^"Biography, John G. McCullough".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  56. ^"Biography, Charles J. Bell".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  57. ^"Biography, Fletcher D. Proctor".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  58. ^"Biography, George H. Prouty".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  59. ^"Biography, John A. Mead".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  60. ^"Biography, Allen M. Fletcher".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  61. ^"Biography, Charles W. Gates".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  62. ^"Biography, Percival W. Clement".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  63. ^"Biography, Redfield Proctor Jr".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  64. ^"Biography, John E. Weeks".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  65. ^"Biography, Stanley C. Wilson".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  66. ^"Biography, Charles Manley Smith".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  67. ^"Biography, William H. Wills".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  68. ^"Biography, Mortimer R. Proctor".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  69. ^"Biography, Lee E. Emerson".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  70. ^"Biography, Joseph B. Johnson".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  71. ^"Biography, Philip H. Hoff".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  72. ^"Biography, Peter Shumlin".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  73. ^"Biography, Phil Scott".NGA.org. Washington, DC: National Governors Association. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  74. ^Royce, Caroline Halstead (1902).Bessboro: a History of Westport, Essex Co., N.Y. Westport, New York: C. H. Royce. p. 391 – viaGoogle Books.
  75. ^Harrington, Shawn (January 11, 2017)."Public Servants of the Past: Leonard Sargeant".Stratton. Manchester, Vermont: Manchester Historical Society.
  76. ^Adams, A. N. (1877). Hemenway, Abby Maria (ed.).The Vermont Historical Gazetteer: Fair Haven. Vol. III. Claremont, New Hampshire: Claremont Manufacturing Company. pp. 739–740 – viaGoogle Books.
  77. ^Historian of the US House of Representatives."Biography, Jefferson Parish Kidder".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, DC: US House of Representatives. RetrievedApril 3, 2025.
  78. ^Child, Hamilton (1888).Gazetteer of Orange County, Vt., 1762-1888. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse Journal Company. pp. 96–97 – viaInternet Archive.
  79. ^Miller, Richard F., ed. (2013).States at War. Vol. 1. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. p. 633.ISBN 978-1-61168-324-0 – viaGoogle Books.
  80. ^Fairbanks, Wilson Lincoln, ed. (1891).The Delta Upsilon Quinquennial Catalogue. Boston: Rockwell and Churchill. p. 671 – viaGoogle Books.
  81. ^Forbes, Charles Spooner (October 1895)."The Vermont Legislature".The Vermonter. St. Albans, Vermont. pp. 57–58 – viaGoogle Books.
  82. ^Crockett, Walter Hill (1923).Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. Five. New York: The Century History Company. pp. 292–293 – viaGoogle Books.
  83. ^"Chief Justice Russell S. Taft".The Kimball Family News. Topeka, Kansas. February 1899. p. 235 – viaGoogle Books.
  84. ^Prescott, Benjamin F. (1888).Dartmouth College, Class of 1856. Concord, New Hampshire: Republican Press Association. p. 62 – viaGoogle Books.
  85. ^Ullery, Jacob G. (1894).Men of Vermont Illustrated. Brattleboro, Vermont: Transcript Publishing Company. p. 78 – viaGoogle Books.
  86. ^Men of Vermont Illustrated, pp. 140–141.
  87. ^Men of Vermont Illustrated, pp. 386–387.
  88. ^Ellis, Mary Rebecca (1926).The House of Mansur. Jefferson City, Missouri: Hugh Stephens Press. p. 91 – viaGoogle Books.
  89. ^Brainerd, Lawrence 2nd (February 1901)."Vermont Men of Today: Nelson W. Fisk".The Vermonter. St. Albans, Vermont: Charles Spooner Forbes. p. 73 – viaGoogle Books.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  90. ^Howland, Fred A. (1898).Vermont Legislative Directory. Montpelier, Vermont: Vermont Warchman. p. 349 – viaGoogle Books.
  91. ^"Lieut.-Governor Martin F. Allen".The Vermonter. St. Albans, Vermont: Charles Spooner Forbes. November 1900. p. 57 – viaGoogle Books.
  92. ^Stone, Arthur F. (1929).The Vermont of Today. Vol. III. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp. 30–31 – viaGoogle Books.
  93. ^Leonard, John William, ed. (1911).Who's Who In Finance, Banking, and Insurance. New York: Joseph & Sefton. p. 947 – viaGoogle Books.
  94. ^Crockett, Walter Hill (1923).Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. Five. New York: The Century History Company. p. 179 – viaGoogle Books.
  95. ^Marquis, Albert Nelson, ed. (1916).Who's Who In New England (Second ed.). Chicago: A. N. Marquis & Company. p. 311 – viaGoogle Books.
  96. ^Fifield, James Clark (1925).The American Bar. Minneapolis: James C. Fifield Company. p. 671 – viaGoogle Books.
  97. ^"A. W. Foote Lieut.-Governor Of Vt., 1921–23".Burlington Daily News. Burlington, Vermont. May 14, 1941. p. 7 – viaNewspapers.com.
  98. ^"W. K. Farnsworth Buried In Windsor".Rutland Herald. Rutland, Vermont. August 5, 1929. p. 7 – viaNewspapers.com.
  99. ^"Lieutenant Governor Consuelo Northrop Bailey: Description".Digital Vermont: Governor Madeleine Kunin Collection. Montpelier, Vermont: Vermont Historical Society. 2023. RetrievedApril 4, 2025.
  100. ^"Hon. Robert S. Babcock '37".University of Rochester Athletic Hall of Fame. Rochester, New York: University of Rochester, New York. 2015. RetrievedApril 4, 2025.
  101. ^Goswami, Neal P. (May 25, 2012)."T. Garry Buckley remembered".Bennington Banner. Bennington, Vermont.
  102. ^O'Connor, Kevin (November 2, 2015)."Barbara Snelling, a power in her own right, dies at 87".VT Digger. Montpelier, Vermont.
  103. ^Walters, John (February 21, 2022)."Racine Mulls Run for Governor".Vermont Political Observer. Montpelier, Vermont.
  104. ^Early, Steve; Gordon, Suzanne (October 23, 2023)."Lieutenant Governor, Farmer and Unapologetic Progressive".Barn Raiser. Chicago, Illinois.
  105. ^"About John Rodgers".Office of the Lieutenant Governor. Montpelier, Vermont: State of Vermont. 2025. RetrievedApril 3, 2025.
  106. ^Joint Committee On Printing, US Congress (1950).Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. pp. 1666–1667.ISBN 978-0-598-68615-2 – viaGoogle Books.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  107. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1119.
  108. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1760.
  109. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1050.
  110. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1654.
  111. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1206.
  112. ^Joint Committee On Printing, U.S. Congress (1997).Official Congressional Directory: 105th Congress. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 299.ISBN 978-0-16-055120-8 – viaGoogle Books.
  113. ^Historians of the U.S. House and U.S. Senate (2023)."Biography, Senator Peter Welch".Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Washington, DC: United States Congress. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  114. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1301.
  115. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1570.
  116. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1318.
  117. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, pp. 2020–2041.
  118. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1699.
  119. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1175.
  120. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1293.
  121. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1929.
  122. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1242.
  123. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1280.
  124. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1688.
  125. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1771.
  126. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1763.
  127. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 1837.
  128. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, pp. 815–816.
  129. ^Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774-1949, p. 2053.
  130. ^Joint Committee On Printing, US Congress (1974).Official Congressional Directory: 93rd Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 187 – viaGoogle Books.
  131. ^Page, Priscilla (July 1994)."Biography, Peter Smith"(PDF).Peter P. Smith (1945- ) Congressional Papers, 1988-1991. Montpelier, Vermont: Vermont Historical Society. p. 2.
  132. ^Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives (2023)."Biography, Becca Balint".Congressional Biographical Directory. Washington, DC: United States Congress. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  133. ^William Thomas Davis, Bench and Bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Volume 2, 1895, page 341
  134. ^"Orange Sends Woman to Senate".The Bethel Courier. Bethel, VT. November 9, 1922. p. 4 – viaNewspapers.com.
  135. ^"Bill Carris' Biography".Project Vote Smart. Retrieved26 July 2014.
  136. ^JPC, Jack and Shirley Silver Special Collections Library (1998)."Biography, Lucius E. Chittenden".Lucius E. Chittenden Papers. Burlington, Vermont: University of Vermont. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  137. ^Howland, Margo (April 18, 1980)."Magistrate Cook Retires".Rutland Herald. Rutland, Vermont. p. 20 – viaNewspapers.com.
  138. ^Vermont Historical Society (1910).Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society. Vermont Historical Society. p. 71. RetrievedMay 9, 2024.
  139. ^Vermont General Assembly,Journal of the Senate of the State of Vermont, 1867, page 4
  140. ^James Lowell Oakes at theBiographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of theFederal Judicial Center.
  141. ^James Oakes Was Appointed Federal Judge by President Nixon
  142. ^Silver Special Collections Library (1973)."Biographical Note, Gen. William Wells".William W. Wells Papers. Burlington, Vermont: University of Vermont. Retrieved20 February 2025.
  143. ^Carleton, Hiram (1903).Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont. Vol. I. New York, NY: Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 76–77.ISBN 978-0-8063-4794-3 – viaGoogle Books.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

External links

[edit]
Members of theVermont Senate
United States Congress
State legislatures
Other legislatures
Legislative elections
International
National
Other

44°15′44″N72°34′51″W / 44.26222°N 72.58083°W /44.26222; -72.58083

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vermont_Senate&oldid=1322504717"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp