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Vermin Supreme

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American novelty candidate (born 1961)

Vermin Love Supreme
Supreme in New Hampshire in 2019 during the2020 United States presidential election wearing his characteristicWellington boot
Member of theLibertarian Party Judicial Committee
In office
July 12, 2020[1] – May 29, 2022
Personal details
Born (1961-06-01)June 1, 1961 (age 64)
PartyDemocratic (2004–2008, 2012–2016, 2023–present)
Other political
affiliations
EducationGloucester High School
Occupation
  • Performance artist
  • presidential candidate
  • activist

Vermin Love Supreme[2] (born June 1, 1961) is an Americanperformance artist andactivist who has run as anovelty candidate in various local, state, and national elections in the United States. He served as a member of theLibertarian Party's judicial committee.[3][4] Supreme is known for wearing a boot as a hat and carrying a large toothbrush,[5] and has said that if electedPresident of the United States, he will pass a law requiring people tobrush their teeth.[6][7] He has campaigned on a platform ofzombie apocalypse awareness andtime travel research,[8] and promised a freepony for every American.[9]

In 2011, he participated in theOccupy Boston protests.[10] He is the subject of the 2014 documentaryWho Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey, which follows his 2012 campaign and explores his life as an activist and political prankster.[11]

Supremecampaigned for theLibertarian Party's 2020 presidential nomination. At the2020 Libertarian National Convention he came in third place, receiving 206 delegate votes out of 1,026.

Political positions

[edit]

Supreme generally runs for office as a satirical candidate, making proposals that are considered outlandish or unrealistic and communicating in an unorthodox way in order to mock politicians and the political system.[citation needed] His eccentric attire includes multiple ties and a boot on his head, and he sometimes carries a giant toothbrush. He has created attention by giving interviews to reporters and crashing campaign events for major candidates. Some of the main themes of Supreme's campaigns are instituting a mandatorytooth brushing law, giving every American a freepony, using zombies for renewable energy,zombie apocalypse awareness, andtime travel research. He largely avoided discussing major political issues until his 2020 presidential campaign, which was more serious. Supreme has run variously as aRepublican, aDemocrat, and aLibertarian.[12][13][14][15]

Supreme discussed his political views in a 2008 promotional video. He said he was registered as a Republican at that time, but that he leaned towardanarchism and was influenced by theSituationist International,dadaism, anddiscordianism.[16] He asserted thatlibertarians "are just about abolishing the government and letting shit fall where it may",[17] which he called a mistake, though he later said that assertion was based on a "prejudice" for "lack of knowing."[18] He asserted that Republicans want to nullify the government, but "offer no alternative to helping people other than charity."[17] Supreme's vision of anarchism holds no need for government and depends on citizens to take responsibility for themselves and for others, citing "mutual aid and support and care to our fellow citizens" as key elements. To that end, Supreme has called for a gradual dismantling of the government, while citizens take up the slack. He asserted that Americans no longer know how to be citizens, placing some of the blame on schools that teach in a "very twisted andjingoistic fashion".[17]

Discussing his presidential campaign in the video, Supreme describes his "joke humor" campaign as a response to the lies people are fed by the media and by the government.[17]

In an interview withNew Hampshire magazine in 2018, Supreme labeled his political beliefs as "social anarchist" and opined thatPeter Kropotkin "was a great anarchist thinker and writer".[19]

Political campaigns

[edit]

Early political activity

[edit]

In 1986, Supreme joined theGreat Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in protest ofnuclear weapons.[2] Supreme's first political campaign was forMayor of Baltimore in 1987. At the time, Supreme was without income, and later said that he ran "mainly to give myself a project...something to do." The election was won byKurt Schmoke.[20]

Vermin Supreme speaking to crowds during the2012 New Hampshire primary

Presidential campaigns

[edit]

Supreme has run in every presidential election since1992.[14]

2004

[edit]

Supreme campaigned in theWashington, D.C.presidential primary in2004,[21] where he received 149 votes.[22]

2008

[edit]

Supreme campaigned in theNew Hampshire Republican primary in2008. He received 41 votes (0.02%) in the New Hampshire primary. According to theFederal Election Commission (FEC), he also received 43 votes nationally in the general election.[23]

2012

[edit]
Supremeglitter bombsRandall Terry during a forum at theNew Hampshire Institute of Politics atSaint Anselm College in December 2011.

Supreme campaigned as aDemocrat in the2012 U.S. presidential election.[24][25][26] His candidacy was supported by theGood Humor Party.

On April 14, 2011, Supreme participated in the First Debate of the New Election Cycle at the IGLO Dissidents' Convention which also includedJimmy McMillan,Jill Stein, and others.[27][28] He qualified to be listed on the2012 Democratic Party primary ballot in New Hampshire.[29] On October 29, 2011, Supreme participated in a satirical debate against a representative of the campaign of deceased British occultistAleister Crowley.[30] On December 19, he participated in the "Lesser-Known Democratic Candidates Presidential Forum", at theNew Hampshire Institute of Politics atSaint Anselm College and "glitterbombed" fellow candidateRandall Terry.[31]

He was a candidate in theIowa Democratic caucuses, and received 1.4% of the votes on January 3, 2012.[32] On January 10, 2012, in theDemocratic Primary in New Hampshire, Supreme received 833 votes. (Barack Obama won the primary with 49,080 votes.)[33]

Supreme in 2011

Supreme participated in the Anti-NATO protests at the May 20–21Chicago NATO Summit.[34][35] In May 2012, he visited the second largest regional high school in Maine to give a speech about his campaign style to a government class.[36] In June 2012, he participated in theRainbow Gathering in Tennessee.[35]

Vermin Supreme,The Yes Men andmonochrom'sJohannes Grenzfurthner atHOPE 2012

On August 25, Supreme announced his new political party, the Free Pony Party, where he will give all citizens "a free pony" and that he has chosen fellow fringe opponent Jimmy McMillan as his running mate. Conversely, McMillan stated he was still running for president on his ownRent Is Too Damn High Party platform, and that Supreme would be McMillan's running mate.[37] In October, Supreme participated in a debate hosted byPeter Schiff in the Peter Schiff Radio Show, which featured a panel of overlooked presidential candidates including McMillan, independent write-in candidate Santa Claus, and write-in Republican presidential candidate Edgar Lawson.[38]

2016

[edit]

Supreme attempted another presidential run in2016.[39] He embarked on a tour of 20 cities to build support for his campaign and sought to qualify for matching funds from theFederal Election Commission (FEC).[39][40] He filed as a candidate in theNew Hampshire Democratic presidential primary on November 21, 2015.[41] He was not invited to return to the Lesser-Known Democratic Candidates Presidential Forum, due in part to him glitter bombing Randall Terry at the event in 2011.[42] Shortly before the primary, he was observed questioning Republican candidatesChris Christie andTed Cruz through a bullhorn. Supreme engaged Christie in an informal debate over his free pony platform, during which he accused Christie of hating ponies, and asked Cruz whether he thought that water being used duringwaterboarding should includefluoride.[15][43][44]

Supreme received 256 votes in the primary on February 9, 2016, coming in fourth after former Maryland GovernorMartin O'Malley, who had dropped out after the Iowa caucuses.[45]

On March 4, Supreme switched his affiliation to theLibertarian Party.[46] He received the vote of a single delegate in the first round of presidential nomination voting at the2016 Libertarian National Convention.

2020

[edit]
Main article:Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign
Vermin Supreme at Wikipedia Day NYC 2017

Supreme ran again for president in2020, this time as a Libertarian. This marked the first time that Supreme ran a "legitimate" campaign, focusing on real rather than satirical issues and using the slogan "In On The Joke".[47] While Supreme continued to use satirical humor, he focused more on legitimate political issues. He called for ending foreign wars and voiced support for pardoning non-violent drug offenders, ending thewar on drugs, and reducing incarceration, which he called his top priority. On theCOVID-19 pandemic, Supreme criticized PresidentDonald Trump, arguing that he should have paid better attention to the virus and have made testing more widely available. He satirically promised to make COVID-19 illegal and, in a play on his campaign promise to go back in time and "kill baby Hitler," vowed to go back in time and "kill baby COVID." He facetiously pledged to create "COVID-19 free zones" because "they work so well for things like guns and drugs."[48]

He won the Libertarian Presidential Preference Primary in New Hampshire on February 11, 2020.[49][50] On March 3, 2020, Supreme was declared the winner of the Massachusetts primary.[51] He dropped out on May 23, 2020, afterJo Jorgensen received the Libertarian Party's nomination for president. Incidentally, Supreme's running mateSpike Cohen was chosen to be the Libertarian vice presidential nominee.

2024

[edit]

Supreme ran for president again in 2024, this time for theDemocratic nomination. Supreme obtained ballot access in one state for the Democratic primaries,New Hampshire.[52] On December 8, 2023, Supreme appeared at theLesser-Known Candidates Forum hosted bySaint Anselm College inManchester, New Hampshire.[53] Supreme placed fifth in the New Hampshire Democratic primary with 0.7% of the vote.[54] Supreme also appeared on the ballot for theLegal Marijuana Now Party'spresidential nomination primary in Minnesota on March 5, 2024.[55] He placed third among five candidates with 15.08% of the vote.[56]

In June 2024, theUS Pirate Party officially voted to endorse Supreme's candidacy for President.[57] He was also nominated by theConservative Party of Delaware and appeared on thegeneral election ballot in that state.[58]

Other campaigns

[edit]

In2018, Supreme expressed interest in running forGovernor ofKansas. Although he did not live in the state, Kansas had very few strict requirements for running for office. Several teenagers taking advantage of the lack of requirements had filed to run for governor, and in order not to take any votes away from them, Supreme decided to run forAttorney General instead, becoming a challenger to incumbent RepublicanDerek Schmidt. The lack of requirements in order to run for office, as outlined in the state'sConstitution, has been heralded by Supreme: "This is indeed a very interesting and attractive loophole," he said. "I think that's a very good thing for democracy." Desarae Lindsay ofTexas was named his campaign treasurer and would accompany him to his 2020 presidential campaign. Supreme was eventually disqualified from running on the basis of his non-residency in the state, his home address being in Massachusetts.[59][60]

On August 24, 2020, Supreme announced that he would be launching awrite-in campaign for the Libertarian nomination for the2020 Massachusetts senatorial election.[61]

"Right to pony" during 2017 Clinton book tour

[edit]
Supreme with a pony

In December 2017Hillary Clinton planned to visitConcord, New Hampshire, for abook tour promoting her new bookWhat Happened. In advance of her presentation, Supreme planned ademonstration in front of the bookstore during the event.[62] The demonstration was to be a "pony protest" and would include at least one pony.[63] Supreme has a history of making theelection promise of ponies to constituents and has asserted that Clinton does not like ponies enough.[64] When Supreme sought aprotest permit for his demonstration, the police ordered the city to deny his request.[64]

In response, Supreme asserted his "right to pony" and retainedMarc Randazza, an attorney with a reputation for advocacy ofFirst Amendment rights, to represent him in suing the city of Concord for the permit.[63] The court found in favor of Supreme, issuing aninjunction that the city give him a permit, allowing him to protest the event, along with his ponies.[63] A stipulation was that Supreme had to pay forparking for ponies at the rate for cars.[65]

When Supreme presented the pony protest, there was a parade.[66] More than 1,000 people attended the book signing and protest.[67]

Filmography

[edit]
List of acting performances in film and television
TitleYearRoleGenre
Subdue the Universe1997HimselfDocumentary
Winning New Hampshire2004HimselfDocumentary
2008 Uncut2008HimselfTV series
Vote Jesus: The Chronicles of Ken Stevenson (documentary)2009Ken StevensonFilm
Learnin' with Vermin2012HimselfEducational
Who Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey2014HimselfDocumentary
Rich Hall's Presidential Grudge Match2016HimselfDocumentary


Electoral history

[edit]

2004 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary

[edit]
2004 District of Columbia Democratic
presidential primary[68]
CandidatePopular vote
CountPercentage
Howard Dean18,13242.65%
Al Sharpton14,63934.43%
Carol Moseley Braun4,92411.58%
Dennis Kucinich3,4818.19%
Lyndon LaRouche5221.23%
Florence Walker2570.60%
Aurther Jackson2410.57%
Vermin Supreme1490.35%
Harry Braun850.20%
Jeanne Chebib460.11%
Lucian Wojciechowski400.09%
Total42,516100%


2008 Republican presidential primaries

[edit]
New Hampshire Republican presidential primary, 2008
CandidateVotes%
John McCain88,57137.7%
Mitt Romney75,54632.2%
Mike Huckabee26,85911.4%
Rudy Giuliani20,4398.7%
Ron Paul18,3087.8%
Fred Thompson2,8901.2%
Duncan Hunter1,2170.51%
Alan Keyes2030.086%
Stephen Marchuk1230.058%
Tom Tancredo800.034%
Hugh Cort530.023%
Cornelius Edward O'Connor450.019%
Albert Howard440.0187%
Vern Wuensche440.0187%
Vermin Supreme410.0175%
John H. Cox390.017%
Daniel Gilbert330.014%
James Creighton Mitchell Jr.300.013%
Jack Shepard270.011%
Mark Klein19< 0.01%
H. Neal Fendig Jr.13< 0.01%
Hudson Starnes5< 0.01%
Other2270.097%
Total votes234,851100.00%

2016 Democratic presidential primaries

[edit]
2016 Democratic presidential primaries[69]
CandidateVotes%
Hillary Clinton16,917,85355.2%
Bernie Sanders13,210,55043.1%
Martin O'Malley110,4230.4%
Uncommitted101,4810.3%
Rocky De La Fuente67,4680.2%
No Preference50,9900.2%
Scattering48,5760.2%
Willie Wilson25,7960.2%
Paul T. Farrell Jr.21,6940.1%
Keith Russell Judd20,3050.1%
Michael Steinberg20,1260.1%
Henry Hewes11,0620.065%
John Wolfe Jr.7,3690.044%
Star Locke5,2020.031%
Steve Burke4,8930.029%
Lawrence "Larry Joe" Cohen2,4070.014%
Calvis L. Hawes2,0170.012%
James Valentine1,7260.01%
Uninstructed Delegation1,4880.0089%
Jon Adams4860.0029%
Vermin Supreme2680.0016%
Mark Stewart2360.0014%
David John Thistle2260.0013%
Graham Schwass143< 0.001%
Lloyd Thomas Kelso46< 0.001%
Mark Stewart Greenstein41< 0.001%
Eric Elbot36< 0.001%
William D. French29< 0.001%
Edward T. O'Donnell Jr.26< 0.001%
Robert Lovitt22< 0.001%
William H. McGaughey Jr.19< 0.001%
Edward Sonnino17< 0.001%
Steven Roy Lipscomb15< 0.001%
Sam Sloan15< 0.001%
Brock C. Hutton14< 0.001%
Raymond Michael Moroz8< 0.001%
Write-in60< 0.001%
Total votes30,633,131100.00%

2020 Libertarian presidential primaries

[edit]
2020 Libertarian presidential primaries
CandidateVotes%
Jacob Hornberger9,17720.3%
Jo Jorgensen5,11011.2%
Vermin Supreme4,2779.4%
Ken Armstrong3,5077.7%
Kim Ruff3,0307.7%
Adam Kokesh2,8656.3%
Dan Behrman2,3925.3%
Max Abramson2,0394.5%
Sam Robb1,9514.3%
Other7,19315.9%
Total votes45,306100.00%

2020 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

[edit]
Libertarian primary results
PartyCandidateVotes%
LibertarianOther Write-ins3,39099.21%
LibertarianVermin Supreme (write-in)270.79%
Total votes3,417100.00%

2024 Democratic Party primary in New Hampshire

[edit]
New Hampshire Democratic primary, January 23, 2024[70]
CandidateVotesPercentage
Joe Biden (incumbent; write-in)79,10063.8%
Dean Phillips24,37719.7%
Marianne Williamson5,0164.0%
Nikki Haley (write-in)(Republican)4,7603.8%
Donald Trump (write-in)(Republican)2,0791.7%
Derek Nadeau1,6161.3%
"Ceasefire" (write-in)[71]1,5121.2%
Vermin Supreme9120.7%
John Vail6850.6%
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (write-in)(Independent)4390.4%
Donald Picard3710.3%
Paperboy Prince3260.3%
Paul V. LaCava1760.1%
Jason Michael Palmer1420.1%
President R. Boddie1360.1%
Mark Stewart Greenstein1330.1%
Bernie Sanders (write-in)(Independent)1250.1%
Terrisa Bukovinac101<0.1%
Gabriel Cornejo86<0.1%
Stephen P. Lyons80<0.1%
Frankie Lozada73<0.1%
Tom Koos71<0.1%
Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato68<0.1%
Star Locke59<0.1%
Raymond Michael Moroz52<0.1%
Eban Cambridge47<0.1%
Chris Christie (write-in)(Republican)41<0.1%
Richard Rist37<0.1%
Ron DeSantis (write-in)(Republican)33<0.1%
Vivek Ramaswamy (write-in)(Republican)2<0.1%
Other write-ins, reported as "scatter".1,3411.1%
Total:123,996100.00%

No delegates were awarded from the January New Hampshire primary.

Personal life

[edit]

Supreme grew up nearBoston,Massachusetts,[72][73] and is the oldest of three children.[2] He graduated fromGloucester High School in 1979, then moved toBaltimore to attend theMaryland Institute College of Art.[74] He eventually dropped out of college and began booking bands forunderground music clubs.[2]

He legally changed his name to Vermin Supreme in the 1990s while still in Baltimore.[2]

In 2006, Supremedonated one of his kidneys to his mother, who was suffering fromrenal failure.[2]

Supreme is married and has no children.[2] He resides inRockport, Massachusetts.[75]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Harlos, Caryn Ann (December 5, 2020)."2020 Libertarian Party Convention Minutes (Second Sitting)"(PDF). LPedia. pp. 70–72.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 4, 2021. RetrievedSeptember 23, 2021.
  2. ^abcdefgConnors, Molly A.K. (January 15, 2012)."Primary 2012: He Reigns Supreme".Concord Monitor. Archived fromthe original on August 11, 2018.
  3. ^Fishman, Dan (July 14, 2020)."LNC Election Results".Libertarian Party.Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. RetrievedJuly 17, 2020.
  4. ^Lindholm, Jane (January 8, 2008)."New Hampshire's other candidates".American Public Media. Archived fromthe original on July 18, 2008.
  5. ^Duff, Lori (April 16, 2010)."Vermin Supreme".Concord Monitor. Archived fromthe original on January 9, 2012.
  6. ^"Commentary: If Elected, No Flying Toothbrush Monkeys (audio)".National Public Radio. January 9, 2004.Archived from the original on November 14, 2011.
  7. ^Reinhard, Beth (November 13, 2007)."Vermin Supreme is running for president".Miami Herald.Archived from the original on July 2, 2011.
  8. ^O'Toole, James (January 8, 2012)."In New Hampshire, underdogs promote presidential agendas".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.Archived from the original on January 9, 2012.
  9. ^Williamson, Elizabeth (December 6, 2011)."A Pony for Every American? New Hampshire Primary Has It All".Wall Street Journal.Archived from the original on September 24, 2018.
  10. ^Dwyer, John Stephen (October 5, 2011)."Who is occupying Boston, and why?". Blast Magazine.Archived from the original on May 4, 2012.
  11. ^"Who Is Vermin Supreme? An Outsider Odyssey".Snow Arch Films.Archived from the original on August 15, 2012.
  12. ^Petri, Alexandra (August 29, 2012)."Vermin Supreme 2012-and Mrs. Supreme".The Washington Post.Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  13. ^Wade, Bethany (July 11, 2020)."Kanye West, weird? Meet Presidential candidate Vermin Supreme". Film Daily.Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  14. ^abWade, Bethany (July 11, 2020)."The legacy of Vermin Supreme is anything but normal". Film Daily.Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  15. ^abGreenberg, Eric (February 14, 2016)."Long-Shot Candidates Look Beyond New Hampshire". NBC.Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  16. ^Carico, Jae (July 20, 2015)."Interview With Vermin Supreme".The Fifth Column.Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2021.
  17. ^abcdAnarchist Runs for President...since 1988(YouTube). Fluxview.com. 2008.Archived from the original on August 4, 2016.
  18. ^"Vermin Supreme Announces Presidential Campaign 2020". June 26, 2019.Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 10, 2019 – viaYouTube.
  19. ^Broussard, Rick (January 18, 2018)."Vermin Supreme".New Hampshire Magazine.Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2020.
  20. ^Ericson, Edward (February 11, 2012)."For 25 years, anarchist, 'psy-ops clown,' and former Baltimore club promoter Vermin Supreme has occupied the narrowing gap between the candidates and the cops".Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  21. ^Franke-Ruta, Garance (January 9, 2004)."Running Gag: A campaign veteran comes to the D.C. primary".Washington City Paper.Archived from the original on October 13, 2012.
  22. ^"2004 Presidential Vote".Ballot Access News. December 12, 2004.Archived from the original on April 18, 2010.
  23. ^Wilkie, Christina (August 8, 2009)."Final 2008 tally in: Bill Clinton edges out Santa". TheHill.com.Archived from the original on September 16, 2012.
  24. ^Grossman, Samantha (January 10, 2012)."Vermin Supreme: The Presidential Candidate Who Promises Free Ponies".TIME Magazine.Archived from the original on January 26, 2012.
  25. ^McLaughlin, Seth (January 9, 2012)."'Vermin Supreme' rears his bearded head in New Hampshire".The Washington Times.Archived from the original on February 15, 2012.
  26. ^Moran, Andrew (January 13, 2012)."Is Vermin Supreme the next President of the United States?".Digital Journal.Archived from the original on January 28, 2012.
  27. ^"First Debate of the New Election Cycle, at the IGLO Dissidents' Convention - Independents, Greens, Libertarians & Others".Firedoglake. April 4, 2011. Archived fromthe original on July 8, 2012.
  28. ^"Re: april 14 presidential debate in northampton, MA to kick off campaign 2012". Newsgroups.derkeiler.com. April 7, 2011. Archived fromthe original on July 26, 2012.
  29. ^Ramer, Holly (October 30, 2011)."30 Republicans, 14 Democrats sign up for NH presidential primary".The Republic. Columbus, Indiana: Home News Enterprises. Archived fromthe original on November 4, 2011.
  30. ^Carioli, Carly (October 30, 2011)."Video: Vermin Supreme vs. Aleister Crowley: The 2012 Presidential Debate".Boston Phoenix. The Phoenix Media/Communications Group.Archived from the original on January 11, 2012.
  31. ^Ríos, Simón (December 20, 2011)."Lesser-known candidates bring colorful campaigns to St. Anselm".New Hampshire Union Leader. Archived fromthe original on March 8, 2012.
  32. ^Deeth, John (January 12, 2012)."Screw Iowa Fails Again".Des Moines Register. Archived fromthe original on July 10, 2012.
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  34. ^Ciaramella, CJ (March 25, 2015)."There's Finally a Documentary About Perpetual Presidential Candidate Vermin Supreme".VICE.Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. RetrievedMarch 25, 2021.
  35. ^abSullivan, James (September 2, 2012)."Vermin Supreme offers humorous take on politics".Boston.com.Archived from the original on May 16, 2021. RetrievedMarch 25, 2021.
  36. ^Svennjhami (May 30, 2012)."Presidential Candidate Visits High School".iReport. CNN.Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. The HS visited wasMount View High School inThorndike, Maine. He introduced himself to the assembled students by saying: "I am Vermin Supreme and I amfrom the internet."
  37. ^Giunta, Eric (August 25, 2012)."Vermin Supreme Running for President with Jimmy 'Rent Is Too Damn High' McMillan". Sunshine State News.Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
  38. ^"The Peter Schiff Show – 10/05/12". October 5, 2012.Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023.
  39. ^abSeitz-Wald, Alex (May 22, 2014)."Can a Zombie-Powered Presidential Candidate Go Legit?".National Journal.Archived from the original on May 22, 2014.
  40. ^Hofherr, Justine (May 27, 2014)."One 2016 Presidential Candidate Will Run on A 'Zombie-Powered' Platform. And He's from Mass".Boston.com.Archived from the original on May 29, 2014.
  41. ^Nick Reid (November 21, 2015)."Ben Carson and Vermin Supreme file for president on deadline day". The Concord Monitor. Archived fromthe original on November 25, 2015.
  42. ^Harper, Jennifer (January 18, 2016)."Inside the Beltway: Fringe candidate 'Vermin Supreme' banned from New Hampshire candidate forum".The Washington Times.Archived from the original on February 11, 2016.
  43. ^Fitzgerald, Thomas (February 9, 2016)."Vermin Supreme mocks Christie in N.H."Philly.com.Archived from the original on February 10, 2016.
  44. ^Rothkopf, Joanna (February 9, 2016)."Ted Cruz Gets Trolled by Pro-Pony Presidential Candidate Vermin Supreme".The Slot.Archived from the original on February 10, 2016.
  45. ^Kaplan, Rebecca (February 10, 2016)."Vermin Supreme finishes fourth in N.H. Democratic primaries". CBS.Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. RetrievedNovember 22, 2020.
  46. ^Jent, Greg (March 1, 2016)."Presidential Candidate Switches to the Libertarian Party".The Libertarian Republic.Archived from the original on March 26, 2016.
  47. ^De Leon, Andres (April 19, 2019)."2020: The Year of the Libertarians?".The Libertarian Republic.Archived from the original on April 25, 2019.
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  49. ^"Results - 2020 Libertarian Presidential Preference Primary".Libertarian Party of New Hampshire. January 14, 2020. Archived fromthe original on February 27, 2020. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2020.
  50. ^Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (January 13, 2020)."More Holes in the 'Imminent Threat' Story on Soleimani".Reason.Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2020.
  51. ^"PD43+ » Search Elections".PD43+.Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. RetrievedMarch 13, 2020.
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  54. ^"Trump defeats Haley: New Hampshire 2024 primary results in full".The Guardian. January 24, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 24, 2024.
  55. ^Winger, Richard (January 2, 2024)."Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party Will Hold State's First Presidential Primary for a Third Party".Ballot Access News. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
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  58. ^"General Election 11/5/2024".Delaware Elections. RetrievedSeptember 13, 2024.
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  61. ^Supreme, Vermin (August 24, 2020)."I am announcing a write-in campaign for the US Senate vote in the Libertarian primary".Twitter.Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. RetrievedAugust 25, 2020.
  62. ^Fisher, Damien (December 6, 2017)."Clinton book signing targeted by Vermin Supreme".www.nashuatelegraph.com.Archived from the original on December 24, 2017.
  63. ^abc
  64. ^abVidal, Alex (December 9, 2017)."Surrender Hillary, We Have You Surrounded With Ponies".www.dangerous.com. Archived fromthe original on December 24, 2017.
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