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Verbenaceae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family of flowering plants comprising vervains

Verbenaceae
Flowers, fruit and leaves (on the right) of aLantanacultivar
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Lamiales
Family:Verbenaceae
J.St.-Hil.
Synonyms[1]
  • DurantaceaeJ.Agardh
  • PetreaceaeJ.Agardh

TheVerbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈnsi./VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), theverbena family orvervain family, is afamily of mainlytropicalflowering plants. It containstrees,shrubs, andherbs notable forheads,spikes, orclusters of smallflowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.[2]

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800species.[3]Phylogenetic studies[4] have shown that numerousgenera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead inLamiaceae. The mangrove genusAvicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae[5] or in its own family, Avicenniaceae,[6] has been placed in theAcanthaceae.[7]

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Taxonomy

[edit]
Golden dew drops (Duranta erecta)
Frog fruit (Phyla nodiflora)
Glandularia pulchella inKerala

Tribes and genera in the family[8] and their estimated species numbers:[3]

Casselieae(Schauer) Tronc.

CitharexyleaeBriq.

DuranteaeBent.

LantaneaeEndl.

NeospartoneaeOlmstead & N.O'Leary

PetreeaeBriq.

PriveaeBriq.

VerbeneaeDumort.

Unassigned

Excluded genera

[edit]

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:[9]

Moved toAcanthaceae
Moved toLamiaceae
Moved toOleaceae
Moved toOrobanchaceae
Moved toPhrymaceae
Moved toStilbaceae

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Family:Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons".Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived fromthe original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved2011-10-10.
  2. ^Stevens, P. F. (July 12, 2012)."Verbenaceae".Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2013.
  3. ^abCardoso PH, O'Leary N, Olmstead RG, Moroni P, Thode VA (2021)."An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species number".Plant Ecology and Evolution.154 (1):80–86.doi:10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821.hdl:10183/267831.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds)Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. ^Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005).Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages. Vol. 1. Elsevier. p. 88.ISBN 978-0-444-51784-5.
  6. ^Nelson, Gil (1994).The Trees of Florida: a Reference and Field Guide. Pineapple Press. p. 52.ISBN 978-1-56164-055-3.
  7. ^"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales".Missouri Botanical Garden. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2013.
  8. ^Marx H, O’Leary N, Yuan Y, Lu-Irving P, Tank DC, Múlgura ME, Olmstead, RG (2010)."A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae".American Journal of Botany.97 (10):1647–1663.doi:10.3732/ajb.1000144.hdl:11336/68550.PMID 21616800.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^"GRIN genera sometimes placed inVerbenaceae".Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived fromthe original on 2004-11-18. Retrieved2011-10-10.

External links

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