Family of flowering plants comprising vervains
TheVerbenaceae (/ˌ v ɜːr b ə ˈ n eɪ s i . iː VUR -bə-NAY -see-eeverbena family orvervain family , is afamily of mainlytropical flowering plants . It containstrees ,shrubs , andherbs notable forheads ,spikes , orclusters of smallflowers , many of which have an aromatic smell.[ 2]
The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800species .[ 3] Phylogenetic studies[ 4] genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead inLamiaceae . The mangrove genusAvicennia [ 5] [ 6] Acanthaceae .[ 7]
Economically important Verbenaceae include:
Golden dew drops (Duranta erecta Frog fruit (Phyla nodiflora Glandularia pulchella Kerala 33 genera are accepted.[ 8] [ 9] [ 3]
Casselieae (Schauer) Tronc.
Citharexyleae Briq.
Duranteae Bent.
Lantaneae Endl.
Neospartoneae Olmstead & N.O'Leary
Petreeae Briq.
Priveae Briq.
Verbeneae Dumort.
Unassigned
Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:[ 10]
Moved toAcanthaceae Moved toLamiaceae Moved toOleaceae Moved toOrobanchaceae Moved toPhrymaceae Moved toStilbaceae ^ "Family:Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil., nom. cons" .Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived fromthe original on 2012-09-15. Retrieved2011-10-10 .^ Stevens, P. F. (July 12, 2012)."Verbenaceae" .Angiosperm Phylogeny Website . RetrievedSeptember 24, 2013 . ^a b Cardoso PH, O'Leary N, Olmstead RG, Moroni P, Thode VA (2021)."An update of the Verbenaceae genera and species number" .Plant Ecology and Evolution .154 (1):80– 86.doi :10.5091/plecevo.2021.1821 hdl :10183/267831 {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In Harley, R.M. & Reynolds, T. (eds)Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ^ Grandtner, Miroslav M. (2005).Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages ISBN 978-0-444-51784-5 ^ Nelson, Gil (1994).The Trees of Florida: a Reference and Field Guide ISBN 978-1-56164-055-3 ^ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales" .Missouri Botanical Garden . RetrievedSeptember 24, 2013 .^ "Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil" .Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved23 July 2025 .^ Marx H, O’Leary N, Yuan Y, Lu-Irving P, Tank DC, Múlgura ME, Olmstead, RG (2010)."A molecular phylogeny and classification of Verbenaceae" .American Journal of Botany .97 (10):1647– 1663.doi :10.3732/ajb.1000144 hdl :11336/68550 PMID 21616800 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ "GRIN genera sometimes placed inVerbenaceae " .Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. Archived fromthe original on 2004-11-18. Retrieved2011-10-10 .
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