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Ventricular flutter

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Medical condition

Ventricular flutter

Specialty	Cardiology

Ventricular flutter is anarrhythmia, more specifically atachycardia affecting theventricles with a rate over 250-350 beats/min, and one of the most indiscernible. It is characterized on theECG by a sinusoidal waveform without clear definition of the QRS and T waves. It has been considered as a possible transition stage betweenventricular tachycardia andfibrillation, and is acritically unstable arrhythmia that can result insudden cardiac death.^{[citation needed]}

It can occur in infancy,^[1] youth,^[2] or as an adult.

^Thies, Karl-Christian; Boos, Karin; Müller-Deile, Kai; Ohrdorf, Wolfgang; Beushausen, Thomas; Townsend, Peter (2000). "Ventricular flutter in a neonate—severe electrolyte imbalance caused by urinary tract infection in the presence of urinary tract malformation".The Journal of Emergency Medicine.18 (1):47–50.doi:10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00161-4.PMID 10645837.
^Hayashi, Masami; Murata, Minoru; Satoh, Masahito; Aizawa, Yoshifusa; Oda, Eiji; Oda, Yuji; Watanabe, Tohru; Shibata, Akira (1985). "Sudden nocturnal death in young males from ventricular flutter".Japanese Heart Journal.26 (4):585–591.doi:10.1536/ihj.26.585.PMID 4057556.
^Gurevitz, Osnat; Viskin, Sami; Glikson, Michael; Ballman, Karla V.; Rosales, A.Gabriela; Shen, Win-Kuang; Hammill, Stephen C.; Friedman, Paul A. (2004). "Long-term prognosis of inducible ventricular flutter: Not an innocent finding".American Heart Journal.147 (4):649–654.doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.012.PMID 15077080.
^Viskin, Sami; Ish-Shalom, Maya; Koifman, Edward; Rozovski, URI; Zeltser, David; Glick, Aharon; Finkelstein, Ariel; Halkin, Amir; Fish, Roman; Belhassen, Bernard (2003). "Ventricular Flutter Induced During Electrophysiologic Studies in Patients with Old Myocardial Infarction".Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology.14 (9):913–919.doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03082.x.PMID 12950532.

Grimm, Wolfram; Glaveris, Christina; Hoffmann, Jürgen; Menz, Volker; Müller, Hans-Helge; Hufnagel, Günther; Maisch, Bernhard (July 2000). "Arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy based on echocardiography and 12-lead, signal-averaged, and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography".American Heart Journal.140 (1):43–51.doi:10.1067/mhj.2000.107178.PMID 10874262.
Richig, Jeffrey W.; Sleeper, Meg M. (2019). "Feline Electrocardiography".Electrocardiography of Laboratory Animals. pp. 31–38.doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809469-3.00005-0.ISBN 978-0-12-809469-3.
Ponamgi, Shiva P.; DeSimone, Christopher V.; Ackerman, Michael J. (July 2015)."Athletes with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators".Clinics in Sports Medicine.34 (3):473–487.doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.03.010.PMC 4478445.PMID 26100423.
Dowd, Frank J. (2007). "Ventricular Fibrillation and Flutter".XPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. pp. 1–5.doi:10.1016/B978-008055232-3.60049-2.ISBN 978-0-08-055232-3.

Classification	D ICD-10:I49.0 ICD-10-CM:I49.02 ICD-9-CM:427.42 MeSH:D054141 SNOMED CT:111288001

Coronary disease	Coronary artery disease (CAD) Coronary artery aneurysm Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) Coronary thrombosis Coronary vasospasm Myocardial bridge
Active ischemia	Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Stable angina Acute coronary syndrome Myocardial infarction Unstable angina
Sequelae	hours Hibernating myocardium Myocardial stunning days Myocardial rupture weeks Ventricular aneurysm Dressler syndrome

Layers

Endocarditis	infective endocarditis Subacute bacterial endocarditis non-infective endocarditis Libman–Sacks endocarditis Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Valves	mitral prolapse stenosis regurgitation aortic stenosis regurgitation tricuspid stenosis regurgitation pulmonary stenosis regurgitation

Supraventricular	Atrial Multifocal Junctional AV nodal reentrant Junctional ectopic
Ventricular	Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Catecholaminergic polymorphic Torsades de pointes