Venezuelan diaspora

World map showing countries with the largest Venezuelan populations
Location	of diaspora: Colombia 1,700,000[1][2] Peru 859,659[3] Brazil 626,885[4][5][6] United States 259,000-500,000[7] Ecuador 300,000[8] Spain 300,000[9] Chile 288,000[10] Italy 150,000[11] Argentina 130,000[10] Trinidad and Tobago 130,000[12] Mexico 95,000[13] Dominican Republic 90,000[14] Panama 80,000[13] Canada 34,000[15] France 30,000[12] Costa Rica 25,000[16] Germany 20,000[12] Paraguay 20,000[17] Curaçao 16,000[18] United Kingdom 15,000[19] Cuba 15,000[12] Vietnam 12,010[20] Lebanon 12,000[21] Uruguay 12,000[22] Australia 10,000[12] Haiti 5,198[23] Guyana 5,123[24] Guatemala 5,000[25] Ireland 5,000[12] Bolivia 4,000[26]  Switzerland 3,989[23] Netherlands 3,878[23] Aruba 3,399[23] United Arab Emirates 2,500[12] New Zealand 2,000[12] Sweden 1,837[27] Norway 1,607[23] Greece 1,026[23] Japan 1,000[28] Saudi Arabia 1,000[12] Austria 915[23] Denmark 706[23] El Salvador 700[29] Belgium 570[23] Israel 373[23] Botswana 305[23] Honduras 200[30]
Cause	Social issues,political repression,crime,economic downturn,corruption,censorship and others.[31][32][33]

TheVenezuelan diaspora refers toVenezuelan citizens living outsideVenezuela. In times ofeconomic and political crisis since the 2010s, Venezuelans have often fled to other countries in the Americas and beyond to establish a more sustainable life.

In 1827, a group of Jews moved fromCuraçao and settled inCoro, Venezuela.^[34] In 1855, rioting in the area forced the entire Jewish population, 168 individuals, back to Curaçao.^[34] Assimilation of Jews in Venezuela was difficult, though small communities could be found inPuerto Cabello, Villa de Cura, Carupano, Rio Chico, Maracaibo, and Barquisimeto.^[34]

DuringWorld War II, the Venezuelan government broke relations with theAxis powers in 1942, with many groups consisting of hundreds of German-Venezuelans leaving Venezuela to be repatriated into Nazi Germany.^[35]

In the early 1980s, the Venezuelan government had invested much into the country's infrastructure and communications, though by the mid-1980s when Venezuela faced economic difficulties and inequality increased, some Venezuelans emigrated.^[36] Again, at the peak of Venezuela's socioeconomic difficulties in the late 1990s, Venezuelans began to emigrate once more, with some attempting to enter the United States legally and illegally.^[37]

During theBolivarian Revolution, many Venezuelans have sought residence in other countries. According toNewsweek, the "Bolivariandiaspora is a reversal of fortune on a massive scale" as compared to the 20th century, when "Venezuela was a haven for immigrants fleeing Old World repression and intolerance".^[32]El Universal explained how the "Bolivarian diaspora" in Venezuela has been caused by the "deterioration of both the economy and the social fabric, rampant crime, uncertainty and lack of hope for a change in leadership in the near future".^[31]

In 1998, the year Chavez was first elected, only 14 Venezuelans were granted U.S. asylum. By September 1999, 1,086 Venezuelans were granted asylum according to theU.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.^[38] It has been calculated that from 1998 to 2013, over 1.5 million Venezuelans (between 4% and 6% of the Venezuela's total population) left the country following the Bolivarian Revolution.^[39] Former Venezuelan residents have been driven by lack of freedom, high levels of insecurity, and inadequate opportunities in the country, risking their lives sometimes walking theDarien Gap.^[39][40] It has also been reported that some parents in Venezuela encourage their children to leave the country because of the insecurities Venezuelans face.^[40][41] This has led to significanthuman capital flight in Venezuela.^[31][39][42]

In 2018, theBrazilian Army launchedOperation Welcome to help Venezuelan immigrants arriving in the state ofRoraima, which borders Venezuela.^[43][44][45]

• Venezuelan refugee crisis
• List of diasporas
• Venezuelans

Wikimedia Commons has media related toVenezuelan diaspora.

• International Diaspora

• Venezuelan diaspora
• Demographics of Venezuela

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