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.jpg) Venera 5 on a Soviet stamp | |
| Mission type | Venus atmospheric probe |
|---|---|
| Operator | Lavochkin |
| COSPAR ID | 1969-001A |
| SATCATno. | 3642 |
| Mission duration | Travel: 131 days Atmosphere: 53 minutes |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | 2V (V-69) No. 330 |
| Manufacturer | Lavochkin |
| Launch mass | 1,130 kg (2,490 lb)[1] |
| Dry mass | 410 kg (900 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 5 January 1969, 06:28:08 (1969-01-05UTC06:28:08Z) UTC[1] |
| Rocket | Molniya 8K78M |
| Launch site | Baikonur1/5 |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | 16 May 1969 (1969-05-17), 06:54 UTC |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Heliocentric |
| Perihelion altitude | 0.72AU |
| Aphelion altitude | 0.98 AU |
| Inclination | 2.0° |
| Period | 286 days |
| Venus atmospheric probe | |
| Atmospheric entry | 16 May 1969, 06:01 UTC |
| Impact site | 3°S18°E / 3°S 18°E /-3; 18 (24–26 km altitude) |
Venera 5 (Russian:Венера-5 meaningVenus 5) was a space probe in theSoviet space programVenera for the exploration ofVenus.
Venera 5 was launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was of a stronger design. The launch was conducted using aMolniya-M rocket, flying from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
When the atmosphere of Venus was approached, a capsule weighing 405 kg (893 lb) and containing scientific instruments was jettisoned from the main spacecraft. During satellite descent towards the surface of Venus, a parachute opened to slow the rate of descent. For 53 minutes on 16 May 1969, while the capsule was suspended from the parachute, data from the Venusian atmosphere were returned.[2] It landed at3°S18°E / 3°S 18°E /-3; 18. The spacecraft also carried a medallion bearing theState Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union and a bas-relief ofLenin to the night side of Venus.
Given the results from Venera 4, the Venera 5 andVenera 6 landers contained new chemical analysis experiments tuned to provide more precise measurements of the atmosphere's components. Knowing the atmosphere was extremely dense, the parachutes were also made smaller so the capsule would reach its full crush depth before running out of power (as Venera 4 had done).
Venera 5 was launched into anEarthparking orbit on 5 January 1969 at 06:28:08 UTC and then from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-001C) towardsVenus. After a mid-course maneuver on 14 March 1969, the probe was released from the bus on 16 May 1969 at a distance of 37,000 km (23,000 mi) from Venus. The probe entered the nightside atmosphere at 06:01 UTC and when the velocity slowed to 210 m/s the parachute deployed and transmissions to Earth began.[3] The probe sent read-outs every 45 seconds for 53 minutes[4] before finally succumbing to the temperature and pressure at roughly 320 °C (608 °F) and 2,610 kilopascals (26.1 bar).
Thephotometer detected a light level of 250 watts per square meter and confirmed thehigh temperatures,pressures, andcarbon dioxide composition of the atmosphere found by Venera 4.[3]
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