Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Velar ejective stop

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Consonantal sound represented by ⟨kʼ⟩ in IPA

"Kʼ" redirects here. For the Greenlandic letter, seeKra (letter). ForThe King of Fighters character, seeK'.

Velar ejective stop

kʼ

IPA number 109 + 401

Audio sample

source · help

Encoding

Entity(decimal) kʼ

Unicode(hex) U+006B U+02BC

X-SAMPA k_>

Image

Avelar ejective is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨kʼ⟩.

Features

[edit]

Features of a velar ejective:

Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
Itsplace of articulation isvelar, which means it is articulated with the back of thetongue (the dorsum) at thesoft palate.
Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.

Varieties

[edit]

IPA	Description
kʼ	ejective k
kʲʼ	ejectivepalatalized k

Occurrence

[edit]

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		акы/aky	[akʼə]	'one'
Adyghe	Temirgoy	шкӏэ/س̈ڃە/šč̣ʼǎ	[ʃkʼa]^ⓘ	'calf'
Adyghe	Shapsug	кӏьэ /ڃیە /č̣yė	[kʲʼa]^ⓘ	'tail'	Palatalized. Corresponds to[t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.^[1]
Amharic		ቀን/ḳän	[kʼɜn]^ⓘ	'day'
Archi^[2]		кIан/k'an	[kʼan]	'bottom'
Armenian	Yerevan dialect^[3]	կեղծ/kekhts	[kʼɛʁt͡sʼ]	'false'	Some speakers. Corresponds totenuis[k⁼] in most speakers and otherEastern dialects.
Armenian	Tbilisi dialect	կարմիր/karmir	[kʼɑɹmiɹ]	'red'
Avar		кӀул /گۇل /ḳul	[kʼuɫ]	'key'
Chechen		кӀант/khant/ࢰانت	[kʼənt]	'boy'
Damin		k'uu	[kʼuː]	'eye'
English^[4]^[5]	Non-local Dublin^[6]	back	[bækʼ]	'back'	Allophone of/k/ for some speakers.^[6]
	Northern English^[7]^[8]^[9]				Pre-pausal allophone of/k/ for some speakers;^[8] may be somewhat palatalised. SeeEnglish phonology
	Southern English^[6]^[7]^[8]
	Scottish^[10]				Occasional word-final allophone of/k/.^[10]
Georgian		კაბა/kʼaba	[kʼɑbɑ]	'dress'
Haida		ttsanskkaagid	[tsʼanskʼaːkit]	'beams'
Hausa		ƙoƙari /ࢼُوْࢼَرِی	[kʼòːkʼɐ̄ɾī]	'effort'
Kabardian	Besleney	кӏьапсэ /ࢰالسە /ćapse	[kʲʼaːpsa]^ⓘ	'rope'	Palatalized. Corresponds to[t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects.^[1]
Kʼicheʼ		k'ak'	[kʼaːkʼ]	'new'
Lak		кӀлла/ⱪalla/ࢰالّا	[kʼalːa]	'rootless, foreign'^[11]
Lezgian		кIир/k'ir	[kʼir]	'fang'
Mpade^[12]		takʼwa	[takʼʷa]	'to vomit'
Navajo		k'os	[kʼòs]	'cloud'
Ossetian	Iron	къона/khona	[ˈkʼonä]	'hearth'
Ossetian	Digoron	дзæкъолæ/dzækholæ	[d͡zəˈkʼoɫə]	'bag'
Quechua		k'aspi	[kʼaspi]	'stick'
Saanich^[13]^[14]		^{[example needed]}			Labialized
Sotho		^{[example needed]}

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^bКонсонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков(in Russian)
^"The Archi Language Tutorial"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved2021-05-01.
^Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
^Wells & Colson (1971:3)
^"Ejectives in English | Linguism | Linguistics, Pronunciation and Phonetics". 21 August 2008. Retrieved11 February 2015.
^^a ^b ^c"Glossary". Retrieved11 February 2015.
^^a ^bCruttenden (2008:167)
^^a ^b ^cWells (1982:261)
^Gimson (1970:34)
^^a ^bMcCarthy & Stuart-Smith (2013) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFMcCarthyStuart-Smith2013 (help)
^лакско-русский словарьLink
^Allison (2006).
^Leonard, Janet (2009),"Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Morphology and Phonology in SENĆOŦEN (Saanich)",Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle,19 (1):141–152,ISSN 1920-440X
^Bird, Sonya; Leonard, Janet (2009),"Universality of Articulatory Conflict Resolution: Evidence from Salish Languages"(PDF),Northwest Journal of Linguistics,3 (2):1–29

References

[edit]

Cruttenden, Alan, ed. (2008),Gimson's Pronunciation of English (7th ed.), London: Hodder,ISBN 978-0340958773
Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009),Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Gimson, Alfred C. (1970),An Introduction to the pronunciation of English, London: Edward Arnold
Wells, John C.; Colson, Greta (1971),Practical Phonetics, London: Pitman,ISBN 0-273-43949-9
Wells, John C. (1982),Accents of English I: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-29719-2
Allison, Sean (2006),Alphabet et orthographe de Kotoko de Makary (mpadɨ) (Makary Kotoko Orthography Statement), SIL

External links

[edit]

List of languages with[kʼ] onPHOIBLE

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ		ʁ̞				ʔ̞
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ