Avehicle licence (also called avehicle registration certificate in some jurisdictions) is issued by a motor registration authority in a jurisdiction in respect of a particular motor vehicle. A current licence is required for a motor vehicle to be legally permitted to be used or kept on apublic road in the jurisdiction. Usually a licence is valid for one year and an annual licence fee is payable before a new one is issued.
A vehicle licence may be a paper document to be kept in the vehicle at all times. This may be in the form of an adhesive sticker to be affixed or displayed on the windshield of the vehicle or on theregistration plate. In some countries, such as theUK, the paper document has been replaced by an electronic record. Authorities can confirm a valid licence via a computer check on the vehicles number plate.
The rules of vehicle licensing are in addition to those ofvehicle registration,roadworthiness certification and insurance and other requirements.
Many jurisdictions have ceased issuing or requiring display of registration certificates and have instead adoptednumber plate recognition systems.
In some countries, such asNorway, the owner annually used to get a sticker to place on theregistration plate, if the vehicle is permitted for driving.
In the United States and Canada, an annual or biennial sticker is usually applied to the plate, with a few exceptions. For example, theDistrict of Columbia and a few U.S. states use windscreen stickers, and some U.S. and Canadian jurisdictions issue permanent fleet licence plates. Also, some U.S. states, such asVirginia, require that a motorist obtain a vehicle licence from the city,county, or town government in addition to registering the vehicle with theappropriate agency of the state government, or, in some cases, thefederal government.
Some of these jurisdictions have done away with the sticker, leaving registration status available only from a centralized database which authorities reference (by hand, or via automated number plate recognition).
InAustralia, historically a current registration sticker was required to be displayed on the windscreen of all vehicles, but all states and territories have now ceased issuing such stickers for light vehicles and adoptednumber plate recognition systems.[1]
Western Australia has not required the display of a sticker since January 2010[2] andSouth Australia andTasmania also do not require a sticker to be displayed.
New South Wales ceased issuing registration stickers for light vehicles on 1 January 2013;[3]Victoria ceased on 1 January 2014;[4]Northern Territory and theAustralian Capital Territory ceased on 1 July 2014;[5][6] andQueensland ceased on 1 October 2014.[7]
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In the United Kingdom,vehicle excise duty was introduced in 1888, and between 1920 and 1 October 2014[8] the vehicle licence, colloquially known as a "tax disc", came in the form of a paper disc 75 millimetres (3 inches) in diameter to be displayed on the inside of a vehicle's frontwindscreen, and was evidence that the necessary vehicle excise duty had been paid for the vehicle.
From 1 October 2014 the physical paper disc was no longer issued, with enforcement of the taxation now being done through theautomatic number plate recognition (ANPR) system.The Daily Telegraph reported in November 2017 that road tax evasion had tripled as a result of tax discs no longer being produced.[9]
In Germany, a driver is required to carry a vehicle licence (called the "Fahrzeugschein") containing vehicle owner data, technical specifications and car modifications.[10][11] Additionally, each car has two registration plate stickers, one to confirm the car has been properly registered, and one to indicate it has passed itsvehicle inspection (Hauptuntersuchung orHU) and the date by which the next inspection is due. While the vehicle licence and the registration sticker are permanent, the vehicle inspection sticker is renewed after each inspection.
InGuernsey road tax and the display of a tax disc was abolished in 2008 when fuel tax was increased by 14p per litre. Vehicles now display an insurance certificate.[12]
InIreland, a tax disc must also be displayed, which is of the same format as that in the UK. However, in addition, a square insurance "disc" must also be displayed to show that the vehicle has the legally required third party insurance. Private cars over 4 years old require a similar format "disc" from theNational Car Test service to show roadworthiness.
InMalta, tax discs are very similar in appearance to their UK counterparts, and are also required to be visible on the left-hand side of the windscreen. The disc proves that the vehicle has valid insurance, and that it has passed its Vehicle Roadworthiness Test (VRT).[13]
InSri Lanka, arevenue licence must be displayed on the vehicle, and is evidence that the necessaryvehicle excise duty has been paid for the specificvehicle. It is normally placed on the left side of the windscreen if it is a four-wheeled vehicle. A revenue licence is issued for a period of one year and must be renewed annually, during which an emissions test must be performed.