Vasily Vasilievich Andreyev | |
|---|---|
Василий Васильевич Андреев | |
 Vasily Andreyev in 1880 | |
| Born | January 15[O.S. January 3], 1861 |
| Died | December 26, 1918 (aged 57) |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, orchestra leader |
Vasily Vasilievich Andreyev (Russian:Васи́лий Васи́льевич Андре́ев; 15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1861 – 26 December 1918)[1] was a Russian musician responsible for the modern development of thebalalaika and several othertraditional Russian folk music instruments, and is considered thefather of the academicfolk instrument movement in Eastern Europe.[2]
His accomplishments included:
Vasily Andreyev was born inBezhetsk,Tver Governorate,Russian Empire to the family of anhonorary citizen of Bezhetsk and merchant of the first guild, Vasily Andeyevich Andreyev and his wife, the noblewoman Sophia Mikhaylovna Andreyeva. When the boy was one year old, his father died. The family moved toSaint Petersburg, where the boy was brought up by his stepfather, Nil Seslavin.[1] At the age of ten, Vasily began playing thebalalaika and other folk instruments.[1]
Initially, Andreyev was studying to play the violin and working as a musician in the various salons catering to European tourists to the Russian capital. On numerous occasions, he was asked about performing traditional Russian music, and he started collecting examples. He once came upon a peasant playing a balalaika and had the instrument copied. His solo performances were very popular, and a group of players developed around him. He also developed an ensemble playing different sized balalaikas that proved to be very successful. Ultimately, the group grew into a full orchestra.
In 1887 Andreyev was inspired byGinislao Paris' mandolin orchestra.[4] Paris' orchestra was the first mandolin orchestra in Russia, and, similarly, Andreyev put together the first orchestra based on Russian instruments.[4]
The popularity of Andreyev's group grew significantly after their performance in Paris, France at the world Exhibition, where they became celebrities.
In 1881 Andreyev organized hisGreat Russian orchestra that included string instruments: four types ofdomras, six types of balalaika,gusli,woodwind instruments:zhaleikas;percussion instruments:makras (a sort oftimpani),bubens. Many instruments were heavily customized to work in an orchestra setting. In a few years, the orchestra became famous, generating thousands of followers as well as causing an explosion of balalaika compositions.
Still many members of theintelligentsia criticized the orchestra and its instruments for being not Russian (as the name implies) butTurkish.[1] More recently, Iurii Boiko pointed out in 1984 that the orchestra's technique of playing a melody in the form of a sustained tremolo on one string – much copied and widely thought of as "Russian" in style (witnessMaurice Jarre's film score forDavid Lean'sDoctor Zhivago) – is in fact not a Russian manner of playing at all; rather, it was a technique borrowed by Andreyev from the Neapolitan mandolin orchestra.[5]
This new form of folk music gained international popularity after Andreyev's many concert tours inGreat Britain between 1900 and 1910.
