Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево,pronounced[ʋâːʎeʋo]) is acity and the administrative center of theKolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the riverKolubara.
A map of the fortifications of Valjevo duringHabsburg rule, 1738
In the nearby village ofPetnica, scientists found the first completeneolithic habitat inSerbia and dated it at 6,000 years old.[4] InRoman times this area was part of the province ofMoesia. Valjevo was mentioned for the first time in 1393. It was an important staging post on the trade route that connectedBosnia toBelgrade.
At the beginning of the 19th century most of the territory ofSerbia rapidly transformed. The Serbian revolution began with armed rebellion. In 1804, the local Serb population had rebelled against theTurkish lords and liberated a large part of Serbia. One cause for the revolution was the killing of two prominent Serbian commanders by the Ottoman Turks. The two well-known knights,Ilija Birčanin andAleksa Nenadović, were beheaded in Valjevo on the bridge over the Kolubara.[6]
The settlement's development accelerated further in the 20th century, when Valjevo became an important industrial and cultural center. During theFirst World War thebattle of Kolubara was fought in the immediate vicinity. A large hospital for the wounded was in the town.[7][8] One of the captured partisan leadersStjepan Filipović was executed by the Nazis in Valjevo in 1942.[9]
The canyon of theGradac River (also the name of a Valjevo suburb) ends in the town centre. The Gradac is one of Europe's cleanest rivers, as evidenced by the presence ofEurasian otters.[13] It abounds inbrook trout. Also, the artificial lakeRovni is located 15 kilometers from the center of Valjevo.
The Valjevo mountain range offers clean air, medicinal herbs, forest fruits and wild game. The vicinity is kept free of industrialisation and the soil is unpolluted, so the food grown there is healthy. Hunting and fishing in the mountain rivers is common. The air-spa of Divčibare offers rest and recreation.
Vrujci Spa has mud baths for rheumatic diseases, as well as a hotel and sports complex with swimming pools.
Old water mills are found in the thirteen square kilometers natural reserve.
InPetnica, 5 km away from Valjevo, the Petnica Science Center supports young researchers.[14]
The Nenadović Tower (Кула Ненадовића), originally an armory built by Jakov Nenadović and his son Jevrem in spring 1813,[15] is adjacent to the road to Šabac, at the edge of Kličevac hill. The construction material was stone from an older Vitković tower. Later, the Ottomans turned it into a prison.[16]
The village ofBrankovina is situated near Valjevo and is the home of the Nenadović family. The sights of Brankovina are encompassed in a cultural and historical complex, which includes: the Church of SaintArchangel, Archpriest's school, Desanka's school, Old Courtroom, the Sleeping Outbuilding of the Nenadović family, the graves of the Nenadović family andDesanka Maksimović, as well as old “sobrašica” summer houses in the exquisitely beautiful Brankovina church yard.
Several ancient monasteries are located in the area surrounding of Valjevo, includingPustinja,Lelić, andĆelije. The sites on which the current monasteries stand have been used for religious purposes since the 10th century, although the current church buildings date to between 14th and 17th centuries.Pustinja Monastery is located in the cleft of a remote mountainous valley and contains rare Serbian medievalfrescoes. Excavations have shown that the current church was built on the foundations of a much older church. Parts of the foundation and an unidentified tomb, much older than the church itself, were discovered. The church is only accessible by a steep path. However, despite its inaccessibility, the Turks managed to damage the monastery more than once. It was damaged in 1683 during the invasion of Turkish army to Vienna. Pustinja is today an active female monastery.
The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, with adequate rainfall year-round. TheKöppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Warm Temperate Climate).[17]
Climate data for Valjevo (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020)
The most important cultural institution is the National Museum founded in 1951, under whose auspices are the Museum of theFirst andSecond Serbian Uprisings and displays in Brankovina.[20] Other institutions include the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments, theHistorical Archive of Valjevo, the Town Library. The Cultural Centre has a well-equipped stage and an auditorium with 630 seats. The Youth Centre has "Gallery 34" for exhibitions and forums. The Serbian Language and Culture Workshop offers classes inSerbian for foreigners.
Valjevo has two elite art galleries. The Modern Gallery has a permanent display of works of the AcademicianLjuba Popović (1953-63 period), a collection of works presented by exhibitors and a concept of representing fantastic painting after the model of the famous "Mediala". The International Art Studio "Radovan Mića Trnavac" exhibits foreign painters of different styles.
The Cultural and Artistic Society "Abrašević" has a renowned choir, along with folk music and drama ensembles. Theatrical performances are given by the private theatre "Mala scena" and the Drama Studio of Valjevo Grammar School.
TheJazz Fest is accompanied by summer literary talks in the Library Yard. Desanka's May Talks discuss literary topics, where theDesanka Maksimović Foundation grants an annual poetry award.
Tešnjar is one of the oldest paved streets in Valjevo. It is used for films based in the past and is one of the places that makes the beautiful town unique.
The main economic activity in the second half of the 20th century was the arms manufacturing firmKrušik, which returned to production after the wars. The Valjevo economy is characterized by small, private companies working in metallurgy, food production and textiles. Austrian company Austrotherm GmbH,Italian company Golden Lady and Slovenian companyGorenje have built production facilities in Valjevo. Another domestic company isValjevska Pivara, founded in 1860.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):[21]
Activity
Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
168
Mining and quarrying
178
Manufacturing
9,962
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
502
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
610
Construction
2,467
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
4,397
Transportation and storage
1,206
Accommodation and food services
966
Information and communication
468
Financial and insurance activities
382
Real estate activities
44
Professional, scientific and technical activities
1,010
Administrative and support service activities
543
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security
^Krpo-Ćetković, Jasmina; Subotić, Srđan; Skorić, Stefan; Ćirović, Duško (2019). "Diet of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) on the River Gradac, Serbia: Predation in a brown trout-dominated stream".Aquatic Conservation.29 (2):282–291.doi:10.1002/aqc.3013.
^"Kula Nenadovića" (in Serbian). Valjevozavas.net. Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved18 May 2012.Kula Nenadovića je svakako simbol grada Valjeva. Podignuta je u proleće 1813. godine ...
^Subotić, Vojislav (2006).Memorijali oslobodilačkih ratova Srbije, Book 1, Volume 1. Vlada Republike Srbije, Ministarstvo rada, zapošljavanja i socijalne politike. p. 97.ISBN9788676860678. Retrieved18 May 2012.Kula Nenadovica (Nenadovic's Tower) ... was built at Jakob Nenadovic's command in 1813. He was Minister for Private Affairs. It served for military purposes. Turks used it as a prison later
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