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Virtual International Authority File

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International authority file
Virtual International Authority File
VIAF logo
AcronymVIAF
OrganisationOCLC
Introduced6 August 2003; 21 years ago (2003-08-06)
Example106965171
Websiteviaf.orgEdit this at Wikidata

TheVirtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an internationalauthority file. It is a joint project of several national libraries & operated by theOnline Computer Library Center (OCLC).[1]

History

[edit]
Homepage in 2012

Discussions about having a joint international authority started in the late 1990s. After several failed attempts to develop a unique joint authority file, the new idea was to link existing national authorities. This would present all the benefits of a standard file without requiring a significant investment of time and expense in the process.[2]

The project was initiated by the AmericanLibrary of Congress (LOC), theGerman National Library (DNB), and the OCLC in April 1998 as a proof-of-concept that authority records can be linked.[3] After extensive testing, the VIAF consortium was formed at the 2003 World Library and Information Congress, hosted by theInternational Federation of Library Associations.[4] on 6 August 2003,[5][6] and by September it had its own page at the OCLC website.[7] TheBibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) joined the project on 5 October 2007.

The project transitioned to being a service of the OCLC on 4 April 2012.[8]

The aim is to link the national authority files (such as the GermanIntegrated Authority File) to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together. A VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary "see" and "see also" records from the original documents, and refers to the original authority records. The data is made available online and is available for research and, data exchange and sharing. Reciprocal updating uses theOpen Archives InitiativeProtocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) protocol.

The file numbers are also being added toWikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated intoWikidata.[9][10]

Christine L. Borgman groups VIAF with theInternational Standard Name Identifier andORCID systems, describing all three as "loosely coordinated efforts to standardize name forms".[11] Borgman characterizes all three systems as attempts to solve the problem ofauthor name disambiguation, which has grown in scale as the quantity ofdata multiplies.[11] She notes that VIAF, unlike the other two systems, is led by libraries, as opposed to individual authors or creators.[11]

VIAF clusters

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VIAF's clustering algorithm is run every month. As more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records.[12]

Participating libraries and organizations

[edit]
English Wikipedia entry nameIdentifierNative-language nameLocationCountry
National Library of Argentina[13]ARBABNSpanish:Biblioteca Nacional Mariano MorenoBuenos AiresArgentina
Bibliotheca AlexandrinaEGAXAArabic:مكتبة الإسكندريةAlexandriaEgypt
Biblioteca Nacional de ChileBNCHLSpanish:Biblioteca Nacional de ChileSantiagoChile
Biblioteca Nacional de EspañaBNESpanish:Biblioteca Nacional de EspañaMadridSpain
Biblioteca Nacional de PortugalPTBNPPortuguese:Biblioteca Nacional de PortugalLisbonPortugal
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du QuébecB2QFrench:Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du QuébecQuebecCanada
Bibliothèque nationale de FranceBnFFrench:Bibliothèque nationale de FranceParisFrance
National Library of GreeceΕΒΕGreek:Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη της ΕλλάδοςAthensGreece
Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM)MRBNRArabic:المكتبة الوطنية للمملكة المغربية
French:Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc		RabatMorocco
Biografisch PortaalBPNDutch:Biografisch PortaalThe HagueNetherlands
British Library–LondonEngland
Danish Agency for Culture and PalacesDanish:KulturstyrelsenCopenhagenDenmark
Danish Bibliographic CentreDBCDanish:Dansk BiblioteksCenterBallerupDenmark
German National Library (DNB)GNDGerman:Deutsche NationalbibliothekFrankfurtGermany
International Standard Name IdentifierISNI–LondonUnited Kingdom
Israel MuseumHebrew:מוזיאון ישראלJerusalemIsrael
Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo UnicoICCU
SBN		Italian:Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo UnicoRomeItaly
Lebanese National LibraryLNLArabic:المكتبة الوطنيةBeirutLebanon
Library and Archives CanadaLACFrench:Bibliothèque et Archives CanadaOttawa,OntarioCanada
Library of Congress
NACO consortium (Name Authority Cooperative Program)		LCCN–Washington, D.C.United States
National and University Library in ZagrebNSKCroatian:Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u ZagrebuZagrebCroatia
National and University Library of SloveniaSlovene:Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnicaLjubljanaSlovenia
National Central LibraryNCL
CYT		Chinese:國家圖書館TaipeiTaiwan
National Diet LibraryNDLJapanese:国立国会図書館Tokyo
Kyoto		Japan
National Institute of InformaticsNII
CiNii		Japanese:国立情報学研究所TokyoJapan
National Library BoardNLB––Singapore
National Library of AustraliaNLA–CanberraAustralia
National Library of BrazilBLBNBPortuguese:Biblioteca Nacional do BrasilRio de JaneiroBrazil
National Library of CataloniaBNCCatalan:Biblioteca de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
National Library of EstoniaERRREstonian:Eesti RahvusraamatukoguTallinnEstonia
National and University Library of Iceland (NULI)UIYIcelandic:HáskólabókasafnReykjavíkIceland
National Library of IrelandN6IIrish:Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireannDublinIreland
National Library of IsraelNLIHebrew:הספרייה הלאומיתJerusalemIsrael
National Library of KoreaKRNLKKorean:국립중앙도서관SeoulKorea
National Library of LatviaLNBLatvian:Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēkaRigaLatvia
National Library of LuxembourgBNLLuxembourgish:Nationalbibliothéik Lëtzebuerg
French:Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg		Luxembourg CityLuxembourg
National Library of MexicoBNMSpanish:Biblioteca Nacional de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
National Library of the NetherlandsNTADutch:Koninklijke BibliotheekThe HagueNetherlands
National Library of New Zealand–WellingtonNew Zealand
National Library of NorwayBIBSYS
W2Z		Norwegian:NasjonalbiblioteketTrondheimNorway
National Library of PolandNLPPolish:Biblioteka NarodowaWarsawPoland
National Library of RussiaNLRRussian:Российская национальная библиотекаSaint PetersburgRussia
National Library of ScotlandScottish Gaelic:Leabharlann Nàiseanta na h-Alba
Scots:Naitional Leebrar o Scotland		EdinburghScotland
National Library of South AfricaAfrikaans:Staats-Bibliotheek der Zuid-Afrikaansche RepubliekCape Town
Pretoria		South Africa
National Library of SwedenSELIBRSwedish:Kungliga biblioteket - Sveriges nationalbibliotekStockholmSweden
National Library of WalesWelsh:Llyfrgell Genedlaethol CymruAberystwythWales
National Library of the Czech RepublicNKCCzech:Národní knihovna České republikyPragueCzech Republic
National Széchényi LibraryNSZLHungarian:Országos Széchényi KönyvtárBudapestHungary
Perseus ProjectPERSEUS–Medford, MassachusettsUnited States
RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)REROGerman:Westschweizer Bibliothekverbund
French:Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale
Italian:Rete delle bibliotheche della Svizzera occidentale		MartignySwitzerland
Répertoire International des Sources MusicalesRISM–FrankfurtGermany
Système universitaire de documentationSUDOCFrench:Système universitaire de documentation–France
Syriac Reference PortalSRP–Nashville, TennesseeUnited States
Swiss National LibrarySWNLGerman:Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek
French:Bibliothèque nationale suisse
Italian:Biblioteca nazionale svizzera
Romansh:Biblioteca naziunala svizra		BernSwitzerland
Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny, NUKAT [pl]NUKATPolish:Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny–Poland
Union List of Artist Names –Getty Research InstituteULAN
JPG		–Los Angeles,CaliforniaUnited States
United States National Agricultural LibraryNALT–Beltsville, MarylandUnited States
United States National Library of Medicine–Bethesda, MarylandUnited States
Vatican LibraryBAVLatin:Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana–Vatican City
Cultuurconnect (Bibnet [nl] and LOCUS)Digitale Bibliotheek Vlaanderen [nl]BrusselsBelgium
Wikidata[citation needed]WKP–Berlin,GermanyInternational

Libraries added for testing purposes

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English Wikipedia entry nameIdentifierNative-language nameLocationCountry
Lithuanian National LibraryLIHLithuanian:Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekaVilniusLithuania
National and University Library of Slovenia /COBISSSIMACOBSlovene:Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, NUKLjubljanaSlovenia

See also

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References

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  1. ^Kelley, Michael; Schwartz, Meredith (2012). "VIAF service transitions to OCLC".Library Journal.137 (8).Media Source Inc.: 16. Closed access icon
  2. ^O'Neill, Edward T. (12 August 2016)."VIAF: Origins".Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016IFLA World Library and Information Congress.OCLC. Archived fromthe original(Video presentation) on 13 July 2018.
  3. ^"VIAF: Convenient access to name authority files".OCLC. 20 December 2019.
  4. ^Loesch, Martha Fallahay (28 February 2011). "The Virtual International Authority File".Technical Services Quarterly.28 (2):255–256.doi:10.1080/07317131.2011.546304.ISSN 0731-7131.S2CID 62694070.
  5. ^Morris, Susan R. (September 2003)."Virtual International Authority".Library of Congress Information Bulletin.Library of Congress. Retrieved5 January 2021.
  6. ^Agnew, Grace (2008).Digital Rights Management: A Librarian's Guide to Technology and Practise.Chandos Publishing. p. 180.ISBN 978-1-84334-125-3.OCLC 62715356.
  7. ^"Virtual international authority file [OCLC - Projects]". 21 September 2003. Archived fromthe original on 21 September 2003.
  8. ^Murphy, Bob (4 April 2012)."Virtual International Authority File service transitions to OCLC; contributing institutions continue to shape direction through VIAF Council"(Press release).OCLC.Dublin, OH.
  9. ^Klein, Max; Renspie, Melissa (7 December 2012)."VIAFbot Edits 250,000 Wikipedia Articles to Reciprocate All Links from VIAF into Wikipedia".OCLC.
  10. ^Klein, Maximilian; Kyrios, Alex (14 October 2013)."VIAFbot and the Integration of Library Data on Wikipedia".The Code4Lib Journal (22).ISSN 1940-5758.
  11. ^abcBorgman 2015, p. 260.
  12. ^Hickey, Thomas B.; Toves, Jenny A. (July 2014)."Managing Ambiguity In VIAF".D-Lib Magazine.20 (7/8).Corporation for National Research Initiatives.doi:10.1045/july2014-hickey.
  13. ^"ARABN - National Library of Argentina - VIAF Profile".viaf.org. Retrieved30 September 2023.

Sources

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External links

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International numbering standards
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