اۉزبېکلر O‘zbeklar | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| c. 300.000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
Uzbeks are a small community inPakistan. They were one of the firstKarluk tribes to arrive in the modern-day region ofPakistan; they ruled the area ofPakhli (modern-dayHazara) for over 200 years from 1472 to 1703. Uzbeks form a significant minority group in the regions ofKhyber Pakhtunkhwa andFATA.[2]
There are many Uzbek immigrants inPakistan fromCentral Asian countries, mainlyAfghanistan andUzbekistan. Around 2.3% of theAfghans residing in Pakistan are ethnic Uzbeks.[3] TheAfghan War drove them to Pakistan.[4] In 1981, many Afghan Uzbek refugees in Pakistanmoved to Turkey to join the existing communities based inKayseri,İzmir,Ankara andZeytinburnu.[5] The Uzbeks can be found mainly in north-west Pakistan, comprising the areas ofKhyber Pakhtunkhwa (in particularPeshawar),Gilgit-Baltistan andBalochistan. Additionally, Uzbek militants allied toal-Qaeda from theIslamic Movement of Uzbekistan andIslamic Jihad Union are believed to reside in theFederally Administered Tribal Areas. Their number at their height was predicted to be anywhere from 500 to 5,000.[6] Now, only a few hundred foreign militants of various nationalities are thought to remain in Pakistan[7] – the majority either having been killed by the Pakistani military'sZarb-e-Azb operation launched in 2014 or shifting to other theaters of jihadist conflicts, such asSyria.[citation needed]
The empire was founded byTimur (also known as Tamerlane) who was born in modern-day Uzbekistan, awarlord ofTurco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. The Timurid empire included many parts of modern-day Pakistan, such asPunjab,Balochistan,Khyber Pakthunkhwa,Gilgit-Baltistan andKashmir and left a lasting impact to this region culturally and ethnically. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of theMongol Empire ofGenghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis'sheir, and associated closely with theBorjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations withMing China and theGolden Horde, with Chinese diplomats likeMa Huan andChen Cheng regularly traveling west toSamarkand to buy and sell goods. The empire led to theTimurid Renaissance, particularly during the reign of astronomer and mathematicianUlugh Begh.
By 1467, the rulingTimurid dynasty, or Timurids, had lost most of Persia to theAq Qoyunlu confederation. However, members of the Timurid dynasty continued to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India. In the 16th century,Babur, a Timurid prince fromFerghana (modernUzbekistan), invadedKabulistan (modernAfghanistan) and established a small kingdom there. Twenty years later, he used this kingdom as a staging ground to invade theDelhi Sultanate inIndia and establish theMughal Empire.
The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 byBabur, a warriorchieftain from what is todayUzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboringSafavid andOttoman empires,[8] to defeat theSultan of Delhi,Ibrahim Lodi, in theFirst Battle of Panipat, much of what is modern dayPakistan was under the Mughal empire, until its collapse. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson,Akbar.[9] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor,Aurangzeb,[10][11] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by theBritish Raj after theIndian Rebellion of 1857.
The Mughal designation for their own dynasty was Gurkani (Persian:گورکانیان,romanized: Gūrkāniyān,lit. 'sons-in-law').[12] The use of "Mughal" and "Moghul" derived from theArabic andPersian corruption of "Mongol", and it emphasised the Mongol origins of the Timurid dynasty.[13] The term gained currency during the 19th century, but remains disputed byIndologists.[14] Similar transliterations had been used to refer to the empire, including "Mogul" and "Moghul".[15][16] Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towardsPersian rather thanTurco-Mongol culture. The Mughals themselves claimed ultimate descent from Mongol Empire founderGenghis Khan.[17]
In India the dynasty always called itself Gurkani, after Temür's title Gurkân, the Persianized form of the Mongoliankürägän, 'son-in-law,' a title he assumed after his marriage to a Genghisid princess.
Persianate Mogul Empire.
| External videos | |
|---|---|
 Uzbek militant in Pakistan calls for suicide attacks -Associated Press Archives |
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)