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Uzana II of Pinya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other people named Uzana, seeUzana (disambiguation).
King of Pinya
Uzana II of Pinya
ဥဇနာ ပြောင်
King of Pinya
ReignJune – September 1364
PredecessorNarathu
SuccessorThado Minbya
Bornc. 1324/25
Friday, 686
ME
Pinle
DiedSeptember 1364 (aged 39)
Tawthalin 726 ME
Pinya
ConsortSaw Omma
Saw Sala
HouseMyinsaing
FatherKyawswa I
MotherAtula Sanda Dewi
ReligionTheravada Buddhism
This article containsBurmese script. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofBurmese script.

Uzana II of Pinya (Burmese:ဥဇနာ,[ʔṵzənà]; alsoUzana Pyaung,ဥဇနာ ပြောင်,[ʔṵzənàbjàʊɰ̃]; 1324/25 – September 1364) was king ofPinya for three months in 1364. He was merely a nominal king, and could not consolidate his power in the wake of the devastating raid by the northernShan state ofMong Mao. He was overthrown in September 1364 byThado Minbya ofSagaing.

Early life

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Uzana was the eldest child of PrincessNan Lon Me of Pagan and PrinceKyawswa ofPinle.[1] He was bornc. 1324/25.[note 1] A grandson of KingThihathu ofMyinsaing–Pinya and KingKyawswa of Pagan, he hailed from bothMyinsaing andPagan royal lines. He had five full siblings (two younger brothers and three younger sisters) and at least two half-siblings.[1] He grew up in Pinle but moved toPinya with the entire family in 1344 when their father became the undisputed ruler ofPinya Kingdom.[2]

Although he was the eldest son, Uzana lived in the shadow of his younger brothers. The king chose his second sonKyawswa the younger as his heir-apparent. The reason, according to theYazawin Thit chronicle, was that Uzana had weak or crippled legs, and the king deemed his eldest son unsuitable to become king.[3] Uzana continued to be overlooked when Kyawswa the younger became king in 1350 as Kyawswa II. Their youngest brother Narathu became the heir-presumptive, ahead of Uzana; Kyawswa II had no children.[3]

Reign

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It is not clear if Uzana's status changed when Narathu became king in 1359. But Uzana's turn came five years later. In May 1364, the raiders from the northernShan state ofMong Mao (Maw) sacked Pinya, and took away Narathu, along with the loot. The next month, the court elected Uzana as king. The new king, now Uzana II, took his sister-in-lawSaw Omma, who had been the chief queen consort of Kyawswa II and Narathu, as his chief queen.[4] He was also married toSaw Sala of Sagaing.[5]

Uzana II was merely a nominal king. He had little authority even in the core capital region. The Maw Shan raids had left the entire Central Burma, including Pinya's neighboringSagaing Kingdom, in tatters. Like at Pinya, a new ruler,Thado Minbya, came to power at Sagaing. As both Pinya and Sagaing were branches of theMyinsaing dynasty, Uzana II and Thado Minbya were related: Thado Minbya was Uzana II's half-cousin, once removed. Unlike Uzana II, Thado Minbya proved to be an able leader, and quickly consolidated his power at Sagaing. He saw an opportunity to consolidate Central Burma, which had been split since 1315. In September 1364, Thado Minbya and his army crossed theIrrawaddy, and seized Pinya, apparently without a fight. The new king ordered the execution of Uzana.[6]

Historiography

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The variousroyal chronicles do not agree on his birth, death, and reign dates.

SourceBirth–DeathAgeReignLength of reignReference
Zatadawbon Yazawin List of Kings of Pinyac. 1304 – 1361/62 [sic]57
(58th year) [sic]
1351/52 – 1361/62 [sic]10 [sic][note 2]
Zatadawbon Yazawin (reconciled)c. 1322 – 1364/6542
(43rd year)
1364 – 1364/653 months
Maha Yazawinc. 1320 – September 136444
(45th year)
June – September 1364[7]
Yazawin Thitc. 1322 – 136442
(43rd year)
1364 – 1364[8]
Hmannan Yazawinc. 1325 – September 136439
(40th year)
June – September 1364[note 3]

Ancestry

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Ancestry of King Uzana II of Pinya
8.Theinkha Bo
4.Thihathu
9. Lady Myinsaing
2.Kyawswa I of Pinya
10.Narathihapate
5.Mi Saw U
11.Shin Shwe of Pagan
1.Uzana II
12.Kyawswa of Pagan
6.Saw Hnit
13.Saw Soe of Pagan
3.Atula Sanda Dewi of Pinya
14. (unnamed)
7. (unnamed)
15. (unnamed)

Notes

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  1. ^Chronicles imply different years of birth for Uzana II, ranging fromc. 1320 (Maha Yazawin) andc. 1322 (Zatadawbon Yazawin andYazawin Thit) toc. 1325 (Hmannan Yazawin).Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 386−387) provides an analysis of the reported dates of the Pinya period in the earlier chronicles.Hmannan cites the same inscriptional evidence byYazawin Thit but gives Uzana's age at death as 39, instead ofYazawin Thit's 42. AssumingHmannan is correct, Uzana was born sometime betweenTawthalin 686 ME (August/September 1324) andWaso 687 ME (June/July 1325).
  2. ^Zata is inconsistent. (Zata 1960: 42) saysKyawswa I was succeeded by Kyawswa II,Narathu and Uzana II, the same order as reported in other chronicles. But its regnal list of Pinya kings in the following page, (Zata 1960: 43), lists Uzana II succeeding Kyawswa I, followed by Kyawswa II and Narathu. Following the order in (Zata 1960: 42), Uzana II reigned for three months in 726 ME (1364/65). Furthermore, the regnal list (Zata 1960: 43) says he died in his 58th year (age 57) in 723 ME (1361/62), implying that he was born in 1304. The error is a result of a typographical error for his father's age at death, listed the row above. According to the list, his father Kyawswa I died in his 64th year (at age 63) in 713 ME (1351/52), implying that Kyawswa I was bornc. 1288. But 64th year is a typographical error (probably for 46th year) asZata itself (Zata 1960: 41) says his parents wedded in 662 ME (1300/01). If Kyawswa I died in his 46th year (instead of 64th year) in 1351/52, he was bornc. 1306. And because the regnal list shows that Uzana was 16 years younger than Kyawswa I, the son was bornc. 1322. This means his age at death would be 39 (40th year) if he died in 1361/62 asZata reports, or 42 (43rd year) if he died in 1364 as per other chronicles. The ages of 39 and 42 are significant:Yazawin Thit gives his age at death as 43rd year (42) whileHmannan gives it as 40th year (39).
  3. ^(Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 393–394): He came to power in [1st]Waso 726 ME (31 May 1364 to 29 June 1364), and lost power inTawthalin 726 ME (29 August 1364 to 26 September 1364), after three months.

References

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  1. ^abHmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380
  2. ^Than Tun 1959: 124
  3. ^abYazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 169
  4. ^Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 393
  5. ^Than Tun 1959: 127
  6. ^Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 393–394
  7. ^Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 269, 273
  8. ^Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 170

Bibliography

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  • Kala, U (2006) [1724].Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.).Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832].Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400".Journal of Burma Research Society.XLII (II).
Uzana II of Pinya
Born: 1324/25 Died: September 1364
Regnal titles
Preceded byKing of Pinya
June – September 1364
Succeeded by
Pagan dynasty
849–1297
Myinsaing andPinya Kingdoms
1297–1364
Sagaing Kingdom
1315–1364
Kingdom of Ava
1364–1555
Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1287–1539, 1550–1552
Mrauk U Kingdom
1429–1785
Prome Kingdom
1482–1542
Toungoo dynasty
1510–1752
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1740–1757
Konbaung dynasty
1752–1885
  • 1 Regent or Co-Regent
  • 2 Mongol vassal (1297)
  • 3Confederation of Shan States (1527–55)
  • 4 Brief revival (1550–52)
  • 5 Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)
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