Ustyansky District Устьянский район | |
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 Loyginskaya railway, Ustyansky District | |
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Ustyansky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast | |
| Coordinates:61°05′N43°09′E / 61.083°N 43.150°E /61.083; 43.150 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Arkhangelsk Oblast[1] |
| Established | July 15, 1929[2] |
| Administrative center | Oktyabrsky[3] |
| Area | |
• Total | 10,700 km2 (4,100 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 30,581 |
| • Density | 2.9/km2 (7.4/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 30.4% |
| • Rural | 69.6% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1Urban-type settlements with jurisdictional territory, 17Selsoviets |
| • Inhabited localities[3] | 1urban-type settlements[6], 232rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Ustyansky Municipal District[7] |
| • Municipal divisions[7] | 1 urban settlements, 15 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [8]) |
| OKTMO ID | 11654000 |
| Website | http://www.ustyany.net/ |
Ustyansky District (Russian:Устья́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of thetwenty-one inArkhangelsk Oblast,Russia.[1] As amunicipal division, it is incorporated asUstyansky Municipal District.[7] It is located in the south of theoblast and borders withVerkhnetoyemsky District in the northeast,Krasnoborsky andKotlassky Districts in the east,Velikoustyugsky,Nyuksensky,Tarnogsky, andVerkhovazhsky Districts, all ofVologda Oblast, in the south,Velsky District in the west, and withShenkursky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 10,700 square kilometers (4,100 sq mi).[4] Itsadministrative center is theurban locality (anurban-type settlement) ofOktyabrsky.[3] Population:30,581 (2010 Census);[5]37,131 (2002 Census);[9]45,352 (1989 Soviet census).[10] The population of Oktyabrsky accounts for 30.4% of the district's total population.[5]
The name of the district originates from theUstya River.
The district is located on the left bank of theNorthern Dvina River. Most of the district's territory belongs to thebasin of theUstya River and itstributaries. The main tributaries of the Ustya are theKizema (left), theObil (right), and theKokshenga (left).
Minor parts of the district in the east and in the north belong to the basins of some of the tributaries of theNorthern Dvina, such as theYumizh and theLudonga, and drain to the northeast.
Most of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga).
The area was populated by speakers ofUralic languages and then colonized by theNovgorod Republic. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of theGrand Duchy of Moscow. Historically, it was a part ofVazhsky Uyezd, a vast area including almost all of the basin of theVaga River. In the course of theadministrative reform carried out in 1708 byPeter the Great, the area was included intoArchangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed intoVologda Viceroyalty. Vazhsky Uyezd was split, and the area of the current Ustyansky District became a part of the newly establishedVelsky Uyezd. In 1796, Velsky Uyezd was transferred toVologda Governorate and remained there until 1929, when several governorates were merged intoNorthern Krai. On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, and Velsky Uyezd was split intoVelsky,Verkhovazhsky, and Ustyansky Districts. The administrative center of Ustyansky district became theselo ofShangaly. Ustyansky District became a part ofNyandoma Okrug of Northern Krai.
In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to the central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed intoNorthern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Ustyansky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.
On September 26, 1975, the administrative center of the district was transferred from Shangaly to Oktyabrsky, but it took some time before all of the district services were moved.[11]
From 1924 to 1959,Cherevkovsky District existed, with the administrative center in theselo ofCherevkovo, initially inNorthern Dvina Governorate. On September 11, 1959, the district was abolished and split betweenKrasnoborsky,Verkhnetoyemsky, and Ustyansky Districts; the administrative center Cherevkovo became a part of Krasnoborsky District.
As anadministrative division, the district is divided into seventeenselsoviets and oneurban-type settlement with jurisdictional territory (Oktyabrsky).[3] Three localities which previously hadurban-type settlement status were downgraded to rural status. These areIleza (downgraded in 2004),Kizema (2005), andLoyga (2005).[3] The following selsoviets have been established (theadministrative centers are given in parentheses):[3]
As amunicipal division, the district is divided into one urban settlement and fifteen rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses):[7]
The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry. The Ustya River was used fortimber rafting until the 1990s.
Ustyansky District is marketed as a regional center ofbeekeeping, and Oktyabrsky holds a yearly honey festivalMedovy Spas.[12]
Paved roads connect Oktyabrsky withVelsk in the west and withTotma andVeliky Ustyug viaTarnogsky Gorodok in the south. There are also local roads in the district; one of which connects Oktyabrsky with theselo ofBestuzhevo in the north of the district.
A section of the railroad connectingKonosha andKotlas, which eventually continues toVorkuta, lies in the district. The principal station in the limits of the district is Kostylevo, several kilometers from Oktyabrsky.
The district previously had one object classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law.[13] This is the wooden Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos (18th century) in theselo ofBestuzhevo, which was neglected and eventually burned down in 1994.[14] Additionally, eleven architectural monuments and ten archaeological monuments have been designated as cultural heritage monuments of local importance.[15]
The only museum in the district is the Ustyansky District Museum, which was opened in 1984 in Shangaly and moved to Oktyabrsky in 1987.[16]
Notable people born in the district include the participants ofWorld War IIRoza Shanina andAleksandr Yedemsky.
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