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Uskorenie (Russian:ускорение,IPA:[ʊskɐˈrʲenʲɪɪ̯ə]; literally meaningacceleration) was a slogan and a policy announced byCommunist PartyGeneral SecretaryMikhail Gorbachev on 20 April 1985 at a Soviet PartyPlenum, aimed at the acceleration of political, social and economic development of theSoviet Union. It was the first slogan of a set of reforms that also includedperestroika (restructuring),glasnost (transparency),new political thinking, anddemokratizatsiya (democratization).
The idea of the acceleration of the economic development (and some other ideas implemented by Gorbachev during theperestroika times) was put forth already in 1982 byYuri Andropov; it was declared in the lead article ofPravda by January 2, 1983[1] reporting on the November 28, 1982 Party Central Committee Plenary Session.[2]
In May 1985, Gorbachev delivered a speech in Leningrad (nowSaint Petersburg), during which he admitted the slowing down of the economic development and inadequacy of living standards.[citation needed]
The program was furthered at the27th Congress of the Communist Party in Gorbachev's report to the congress, in which he spoke aboutperestroika,uskorenie, the "human factor",glasnost, and the "expansion of thekhozraschet" (commercialization). The acceleration was planned to be based on technical and scientific progress, revamping ofheavy industry (in accordance with theMarxian economics postulate about the primacy in development of heavy industry overlight industry), taking the "human factor" into account, and increasing the labour discipline and responsibility ofapparatchiks.[3] In practice it was implemented with the help of massive monetary emission infused into heavy industry, which further destabilised the economy and in particular brought an enormous disparity between actual cash money and virtual money used in cashless clearings (Russian:безналичный расчёт,romanized: beznalichnyi raschet) between enterprises and state and among enterprises.
The politics of mere "acceleration" eventually failed, which wasde facto admitted at the June 1987 Party Plenum, and theuskorenie slogan was phased out in favor of the more ambitiousperestroika (restructuring of the whole economy).
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