| Tianyuan Emperor of Northern Yuan 北元天元帝 Uskhal Khan 兀思哈勒汗 ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of the Great Yuan | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | May 1378 – November 1388 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | May 1378 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Jorightu Khan Yesüder | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 1342[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 18 November 1388(1388-11-18) (aged 46) Tuul River,Northern Yuan dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| House | Borjigin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Northern Yuan | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Ukhaghatu Khan Toghon Temür | ||||||||||||||||||||
Uskhal Khan (Mongolian: Усхал Хаан;Mongolian script:ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ;Chinese:兀思哈勒汗), also called theLast Lord of Northern Yuan (Chinese:北元末主)[5] or by hisera name theTianyuan Emperor (Chinese:天元帝), bornTögüs Temür (Chinese:脫古思帖木兒; 7 March 1342 – 18 November 1388), was an emperor of theNorthern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1378 to 1388. He was the last powerful khagan of theMongols untilDayan Khan.[6]
Tögüs Temür was the younger brother ofBiligtü Khan (Emperor Zhaozong) and son ofToghon Temür (Emperor Huizong), the lastYuan emperor. Before ascending to the Northern Yuan throne, he held the noble title of Prince of Yi (益王).[7] He succeeded to the throne with the title of Uskhal Khan after Biligtü Khan died in 1378. During the funeral of the late emperor, theMing court sent an mission to participate in it and released the Northern Yuan prince, Maidarbal, who had been captured at the battle of Yingchang in 1378.
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür mobilized troops nearYingchang andKarakorum.[8] He continued to press the Ming dynasty from the north, cooperating withNaghachu of theJalayir inManchuria. The Ming launched a massive attack on the Northern Yuan in return in 1380, sacking Karakorum.
The Ming army crushed the Northern Yuan garrison under Iliyasan in northern China in June 1380. Uskhal Khan's commanders, Öljei-Buqa and Nair-Buqa, invaded Lulun city, killing the Ming officer Liu Guang in the same year. The Ming dispatched a large army against the Northern Yuan the next year.
TheHongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty decided to exterminateNaghachu's force in Manchuria in 1387 and two sides suffered heavier losses at a battle near Changchun city. Tögüs Temür suddenly faced a predicament in 1387 when Naghachu surrendered to the Ming due to a devastating famine. The Ming now turned their attention to the Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür who lived in Yingchang. In 1388, he wasraided by the Ming on theBuir Lake. In his escape to Karakorum, he was suddenly attacked and defeated on theTuul River byYesüder, a descendant ofAriq Böke, who allied with theOirats.[9] Yesüder's general killed the king and his son. Uskhal Khan had intended to flee westwards to join his commander Markhas. This event marked the decline of theKublaid power and the rise of the Oirats on theMongolian Plateau.
烏薩哈爾可汗，必力克圖可汗的弟弟，名脫古思帖木兒。生於一三四二年(至正二年、壬午年)。於一三七九年(己未年) ，即可汗位，時年三十八歲。詔改明年為天元元年。於一三八八年(戊辰年)十月，被也速迭兒縊死。在位十年，享年四十七歲。謚號益宗，蒙古語稱烏薩哈爾可汗。
脫古思帖木兒（1342-1388）明代蒙古可汗。元順帝妥懂帖睦爾之子。洪武二年（1379）即汗位，號烏薩哈爾汗，年號天元。明太祖致書勸降，不從。次年，被明將沐英擊敗於和林（今蒙古國烏蘭巴托西南）。十四年，又遭明將徐達襲擊，損失慘重。二十一年，與明將藍玉所率十五萬軍戰於捕魚兒海（今貝爾湖），兵敗，僅惜數十騎脫走，行至土刺河，為蒙古別部領主也速迭兒襲殺。廟號益宗。
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür Died: 1388 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Emperor of theNorthern Yuan dynasty 1378–1388 | Succeeded by None,Jorightu Khan Yesüder asKhan |