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Usfurids dynasty الدولة العصفورية | |||||||||
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| 1253–1392 | |||||||||
 The borders of the Usfurid emirate | |||||||||
| Capital | al-Hasa | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Emirate | ||||||||
| Historical era | 13th-14th centuries | ||||||||
• Established | 1253 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1392 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Saudi Arabia Bahrain Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates | ||||||||
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TheUsfurids (Arabic:آل عصفور,romanized: Al ʿUṣfūr) were anArab dynasty that in 1253 gained control ofEastern Arabia, including the islands ofBahrain. They were a branch ofUqaylids who re-migrated to Arabia after the fall of their rule in Syria.[1]
The dynasty is named after its founder, ʿUṣfūr bin Rāshid (عُصْفُور بِن رَاشِد). The nameʿUṣfūr (عصفور) means small bird.[2]
The Usfurids were initially allies of theQarmatians and their successors, theUyunids, but eventually overthrew the latter and seized power themselves.[3] The Usfurids' takeover came after Uyunid power had been weakened by invasion in 1235 by theSalghurid Atabeg of Fars.
At the beginning of their rule the Usfurids had a state composed of central and eastern Arabia and even ruled parts of Oman.[4][5] After 150 years of rule the Usfurids were overthrown by theJarwanids whom in turn were overthrown by theJabrids who were also an Uqaylid dynasty.
According to Arab sources, in 1354 the Arabian forces from the Usfurids invadedBasra and defeated theMongols where they inflicted heavy losses on them.[6] However,Sheikh Hassan al-Jalairi the Great, who succeeded the Mongols in ruling Iraq and was himself a Mongol sought help from Prince Fawaz bin Muhanna, the leader of theTa’is Tribe, andSheikh Hassan al-Jalairi the Great, who was able to repel the invaders, defeating them and killing a large number of the Usfurid forces.[7]
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