This form of periodic table is congruent with the order in which electron shells are ideally filled according to theMadelung rule, as shown in the accompanying sequence in the left margin (read from top to bottom, left to right). The experimentally determined ground-state electron configurations of the elements differ from the configurations predicted by the Madelung rule in twenty instances, but the Madelung-predicted configurations are always at least close to the ground state. The last two elements shown, elements 119 and 120, have not yet been synthesized.
By comparingbasic vocabulary across the establishedfamilies of oral languages of the world, we have been able to reconstruct the Proto-Human language. We find that all reconstructed words are *na. An extension of this method to additional lexical items (in other basic word lists) finds that those items also reconstruct to *na. We therefore conclude that the ancestral human populationused the word *na for everything.
Responses in an opinion poll need to be separated by 2σ for the difference to be considered significant. (A difference of 2σ gives a 97.7% probability,[1]; a difference of 1.65σ is 95% probable.[2])
The p = 0.1 for 95% significance that a poll result is actually above a specific percentage is 1.28σ. That is, a poll result must be 1.28σ above 50% to be able to say with 95% confidence that there is majority support.[3]
From the math ref desk:
The problem of computing mean value and standard deviation for the result of polls is solved here: [[4]]. If the first poll shows X1 ≈ μ1 ± σ1 and the second poll shows X2 ≈ μ2 ± σ2 , then compute the difference X = X1 − X2 ≈ (μ1 ± σ1) − (μ2 ± σ2) = (μ1 − μ2) ± √(σ12 + σ22) = μ ± σ . Compute the quotient U = μ/σ . If, say, U=2.7, then try www.wolframalpha.com with input CDF[NormalDistribution[0, 1], 2.7] , and get the probability 0.996533.Bo Jacoby (talk) 06:37, 22 April 2014 (UTC).
The sampling error z for 95% confidence (p=0.05) is1.96σ. Thus the above would be 0.653 and 0.842 z.
I,Ling.Nut award this very overdue Linguist's barnstar to Kwamikagami. Thanks for making the Internet not suck. Thanks for taking an interest in the language families of South America - they really need a hand!·Maunus·ƛ· 08:32, 3 August 2008 (UTC)I,Ikiroid, award thisBarnstar toKwami for helping me with effectively editing language pages.
I think you deserve a golden fire extinguisher for helping me deal with that misguided revolutionarySerendipodous 10:47, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
The Graphic Designer's Barnstar
For your wonderful moon mass charts, I offer the Graphic designer's barnstar.Serendipodous 12:24, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
For transformingRongorongo from a sketchy, unhelpful mess into a tightly organized family of articles covering the entire Rongorongo corpus in a manner both scholarly and accessible, I award you this Barnstar. May it bring you much mana!Fishal (talk) 02:10, 11 September 2008 (UTC)
The Working Man's Barnstar
For getting all the EL61 links changed toHaumea (dwarf planet), I think you deserve the working man's barnstar. Must have been tedious as heck.Serendipodous 09:40, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Presented for your creation of the Malagasy IPA pages and your tireless transcription efforts. Thank you!Lemurbaby (talk) 11:44, 19 November 2010 (UTC)
The Graphic Designer's Barnstar
For your contributions toFile:IPA chart 2005.png (better seen in theEnglish Wikipedia logs since the move to Commons). In taking linguistics courses as an undergraduate, having a printout-size and easy-to-find IPA reference was indispensable. I will probably be finding printouts of this file mixed in with my college papers for decades to come; that's just how often I used it. —/Mendaliv/2¢/Δ's/ 22:31, 7 December 2010 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
I,Stevey7788, hereby present you the Tireless Contributor Barnstar for your tremendously prolific work on languages and linguistics. Excellent articles, wonderful images, and impressive contributions overall! —Stevey7788 (talk) 23:17, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
The Editor's Barnstar
For your continued good work in articles on languages. Thank you.Drmies (talk) 00:55, 27 July 2011 (UTC)
The Teamwork Barnstar
I hope the script story will have a happy end :-)Bogdan Nagachop (talk) 21:47, 3 August 2011 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Hi there,
I noticed that you edited an article that I created (Chay Shegog) and edited the pronunciation. I am a Shegog myself. I'm not bothered about your change at all. The emphasis is how you wrote it so shi-GOG. I noticed that you have done some stuff related to American Indians on Wikipedia. Are you of Native American descent? I've done some research and there is some evidence to suggest that the name Shegog is taken from zhigaag (so like Chicago with two g's and no 'o') which means skunk in the Ojibwe language. But all Shegog's I know pronounce it with a short -og similar to dog. Thanks, SheganAGirl1191 (talk) 04:16, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
Thanks for your recent run of newly-created language articles, and for your efforts to improve the encyclopedia.Northamerica1000(talk) 17:28, 17 March 2012 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
thank for contributing us...Liansanga (talk) 00:23, 8 June 2012 (UTC)
The Admin's Barnstar
For your past excellent service as Administrator, and a sad reminder that sometimes ARBCOM can blow it - big time.
Most sincere gratitude for your invaluable contributions to Hindi-Urdu related articles on English Wikipedia. Forever indebted to you -and wikipedia of course- for telling it like it is.. Amazing how you never gave up and went thru all the troubles dealing with zealots. Bravo! You're one of the inspirations that led to the genesis ofhttp://www.HamariBoli.comedge.walker (talk) 22:01, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
The Instructor's Barnstar
ThisBarnstar is awarded to Wikipedians who have performed stellar work in the area ofinstruction &help for other editors. For your contributions to theWikipedia:Manual of Style and especially for your contributions toWikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting. Moreover, in providing examples of how to implemented the Manual in text editing and your great cooperation with me!Magioladitis (talk) 22:54, 9 November 2012 (UTC)
The Resilient Barnstar
For your WP rules followingSaraikistan (talk) 18:41, 4 January 2013 (UTC)
The Barnstar of Diligence
For your linguistic contributions. We will carry on this professional discussion later because I will be off now. RegardsMaria0333 (talk) 07:59, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
For all-round good work, but especiallythis edit. Keep it up!Green Giant (talk) 09:12, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
All Around Amazing Barnstar
Dear Kwamikagami, thank you for all of your amazing contributions to language related articles. Your contributions are making a difference here on Wikipedia! Keep up the good work! With regards,AnupamTalk 21:25, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
Good jobSit1101 (talk) 01:53, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
The Multiple Barnstar
These are just some barnstars for some of the many amazing things you do here on Wikipedia, I don't know what this site would do without you.Abrahamic Faiths (talk) 21:06, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
For working to help close RfCs and reduce the backlog.Wugapodes (talk) 00:54, 5 August 2015 (UTC)
The Tireless Contributor Barnstar
For great, expeditious and lynx-eyed reviewing and correction of all Aboriginal articles,Nishidani (talk) 16:37, 14 February 2019 (UTC)
Thank you for your many years of tireless work on articles ofPapuan languages! Here's something to add to your long list of barnstars. (Although admittedly, this is just for "East New Guinea Highlands languages" and other Papuan languages on the eastern half of the island.) —Sagotreespirit (talk) 09:56, 20 April 2020 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
Because you do an incredible amount of good work, and I am more or less in awe at how much you know. Also, I think you do not have enough barnstars. ^_^Double sharp (talk) 05:06, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
By the authority vested in me by myself it gives me great pleasure to present you with this award in recognition of the thorough, detailed and actionable reviews you have carried out at FAC. This work is very much appreciated.Gog the Mild (talk) 19:33, 18 September 2021 (UTC)
The Editor's Barnstar
Thanks for your tireless editing and ability to recognize the nuance most miss, do not understand, or fail to research regarding parliamentary law vis-à-vis a supreme court’s jurisdiction specially regarding NepalQuaerens-veritatem (talk) 06:10, 24 March 2023 (UTC)
The Original Barnstar
As a speaker of an indigenous language, I greatly appreciate your work!Newyorkwildcat (talk) 20:20, 8 January 2025 (UTC)
