| Pakistani Urdu Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Print basis | Urdu alphabet |
| Languages | Urdu (in Pakistan) |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
| Indian Urdu Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | (?) |
Print basis | Devanagari |
| Languages | Urdu (In India) |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Urdu Braille is thebraille alphabet used forUrdu. There are two standardbraille alphabets forUrdu, one inPakistan and the other inIndia. The Pakistani alphabet is based onPersian Braille and is in use throughout the country, while the Indian alphabet is based on the nationalBharati Braille.
Besides the addition of Urdu-specific consonants analogous to the additional letters in the printUrdu alphabet compared to thePersian alphabet, Pakistani Urdu Braille differs from Persian Braille in the transcription of the print letterژž, which is written as a digraph in Urdu braille rather than as Persian⠬, which in Urdu is used forڈḍ. (The use of ژ is negligible in Urdu by comparison; the only common use for it is to represent the “s” sound in the English word “division.”)
Indian Urdu Braille differs from other Bharati braille alphabets in having several letters borrowed from Persian, such as⠟ forقq (Bharatikṣ),⠱ forحḥ (Bharatijñ), and⠷ forع‘ (Bharatiḻ). Another such letter,⠭ forخx, is shared withGurmukhi Braille ਖ਼x but with no other Bharati alphabet, where⠭ is otherwise the vowelo.
| Pakistan | India | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ا | – |  | (?) |
| آ | ā |  | |
| ب | b |  | |
| بھ | bh |  |  |
| پ | p |  | |
| پھ | ph |  | |
| ت | t |  | |
| تھ | th |  |  |
| ٹ | ṭ |  |  |
| ٹھ | ṭh |  |  |
| ث | ṯ/s/ | |  |
| ج | j |  | |
| جھ | jh |  | |
| چ | c |  | |
| چھ | ch |  | |
| ح | ḥ |  | |
| خ | x |  | |
| د | d |  | |
| دھ | dh |  |  |
| ڈ | ḍ |  |  |
| ڈھ | ḍh | |  |
| ذ | ḏ/z/ | | |
| ر | r |  | |
| ڑ | ṛ |  | |
| ڑھ | ṛh | | |
| ز | z |  | |
| ژ | ž | | |
| س | s |  | |
| ش | š |  | |
| ص | ṡ/s/ |  | |
| ض | ḋ/z/ | | |
| ط | ṫ/t/ | | |
| ظ | ż/z/ | | |
| ع | ‘ |  | |
| غ | ğ |  |  |
| ف | f |  | |
| ق | q |  | |
| ک | k |  | |
| کھ | kh | |  |
| گ | g | | |
| گھ | gh | | |
| ل | l |  | |
| م | m |  | |
| ن | n |  | |
| ں | (nasal) |  | |
| و | v/w | | v ū ō au |
| ه | h |  | |
| ء | ’ |  | (?) |
| ی | y |  | y ī  |
| ے | ē |  | ē ai |
| َ◌ | a |  | (?) |
| ِ◌ | i | | (same?) |
| ُ◌ | u |  | (same?) |
| اً | an |  | (?) |
It is not clear if vowels in Indian Urdu Braille follow pronunciation and theirDevanagari Braille equivalents, or print orthography.
Pakistani Urdu Braille has several contractions beyond the aspirated consonants:
Basic punctuation in Pakistan is the same as in India. SeeBharati Braille#Punctuation.