57°56′10″N60°05′50″E / 57.93611°N 60.09722°E /57.93611; 60.09722
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 Main entrance to Uralvagonzavod, 2005 | |
Native name | УралВагонЗавод(in Russian) |
|---|---|
| Company type | Public limited company |
| Industry | Defense industry Machine industry |
| Founded | October 11, 1936; 89 years ago (1936-10-11) |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Vladimir Artyakov (Chairman) Alexander Potapov (CEO) |
| Products | Artillery,howitzers,self-propelled artillery,naval artillery,mortars,tanks,main battle tanks,military vehicles, remote weapon stations, turrets, autocannons, tractors, bulldozers,heavy equipment, railway vehicles, containers |
| Revenue | $1.97 billion[1][2] (2016; 2018) |
| $81.1 million[3] (2016) | |
| −$79.1 million[1] (December 2016) | |
| Owner | Rostec (97.5%)[4] |
Number of employees | 30,000 est. |
| Parent | Rostec |
| Website | uralvagonzavod |
UralVagonZavod (Russian:ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод»,romanized: OAO "Nauchno-proizvodstvennaya korporatsiya "UralVagonZavod",lit. 'Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Ural Wagon Factory"') is a Russian machine-building company located inNizhny Tagil,Russia. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia[5] and the largestmain battle tank manufacturer in the world.[6]
The nameУралвагонзавод meansUral Railroad Car (wagon) Factory.
The plant was built during 1931–1936, mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan. It opened on October 11, 1936, and was named after Felix Dzerzhinsky. Initially, it manufactured freight cars.[7] Its design and construction were influenced by American industrial practices of the era. As part of Stalin's rapid industrialization program, the Soviet government contracted several U.S. firms—most notably Albert Kahn Associates of Detroit—to assist in designing large-scale industrial plants modeled on American automotive factories, particularly the Ford River Rouge Complex.[8][9] Uralvagonzavod was among the most ambitious of these projects, intended to produce railway cars and tractors.
While not part of any U.S. government initiative, the collaboration relied on American industrial expertise, which the USSR paid for in hard currency and gold, during a period of severe domestic economic strain.[10] Some of this capital was raised through grain exports taken from Ukraine and other regions during collectivization, contributing to the 1932–33 famine (Holodomor).[11] Though intended for civilian production, factories like Uralvagonzavod were later converted to military purposes, such as T-34 tank production during World War II—validating early U.S. concerns that such industrial infrastructure could be repurposed for warfare.[12]
After theGerman invasion of 1941,Joseph Stalin ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. TheKhPZ Factory No. 183 inKharkiv was moved to Nizhny Tagil by rail, and merged with the Dzerzhinsky Works, to form the Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183. During theSecond World War it became the largest producer oftanks in the world, including theT-34.[13] For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards between 1941–1945, including theOrder of the Red Banner of Labour (1942),Order of the Red Banner (1943),Order of Lenin (1944),Order of the Patriotic War (1945).[14]
After the war,tank production was scaled down. Part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of theVostok,Voskhod,Proton andEnergiaexpendable rockets.[15]
Aleksandr Morozov left UVZ to lead the tank design bureau inKharkiv in 1951, taking many of his engineers with him.[16] Morozov was replaced by A. V. Kolesnikov in the interim.[16]Leonid N. Kartsev was promoted to Section 520 chief designer in 1953, days before the death ofJoseph Stalin.[17] After his promotion, Kartsev was approached by theNKVD and told to hand over his jewish workers. Kartsev refused. The conflict was resolved following a coup led byNikita Khrushchev that removedLavrentiy Beria from power.[18]
At theKartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520), theT-54A andT-55 (a development ofMorozov's T-54),T-62,T-72, andT-90 tanks were designed.[15] The design bureau was working on a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called theT-95, until this project was cancelled in May 2010.[19] It manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, theT-14 Armata.[20]
In July 2014, theObama administration imposedsanctions, through theUS Department of Treasury'sOffice of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to theSpecially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoingannexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and theRussian interference in Ukraine.[21][22] The United Kingdom also imposed sanctions from 12 September 2014.[23]
As of December 2016, UVZ has been transferred toRostec, following a presidential decree.[24]
In 2020, the company's revenue amounted to 28 billion rubles.[25]
In 2022, Uralvagonzavod was placed under additional sanctions as a result of theRussian invasion of Ukraine.[26]
In March 2022, theEU imposed sanctions on Uralvagonzavod after the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[27]
The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as theRT-M-160, metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods.[5]
Production ofT-90 main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of the company's overall production.[28] In 2008, Uralvagonzavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for theRussian Ministry of Defense and 60 T-90Ss forIndia.[6] This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. According toMoscow Defense Brief, in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company, was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all the other countries of the world put together.[6]
Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008.[29]
In 2011, the company's revenue was $3 billion. The net profit was $0.33 billion.[30]
In July 2023, Russian Defense MinisterSergey Shoigu stated that the supplies and overhaul ofT-72 andT-90 tanks by Uralvagonzavod had surged 3.6 times since early 2022.[31] It was reported by the company in late December 2023 that it had successfully performed the year's state defense order for T-90M and modernized T-72B3M tanks.[32]
In 2011 UVZ won in two nominations of the annual interregional award «Results of the year of the Urals and Siberia-2011».
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