UPWARD was the code name, within theNational Reconnaissance Office'sByeman Control System, for assistance given to theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) during theApollo program.[1][2][3] The camera designed to survey the lunar surface was a modification of theGAMBIT design and utilized a 1.5-inch (38 mm)focal length camera for a terrain mapping apparatus. This camera system was present on both theCORONA and GAMBIT survey systems.[4]
The NRO and NASA had multiple meetings discussing the required technology for Lunar Mapping. Specifically, the NASA Apollo Applicant Working Group (dated on 6–9 December 1966) considered the following optical sensors:
In a following meeting on 31 January 1967, NASA stated at the DoD-NASA Survey Applications Coordinating Committee that "there are no sensors other than Lunar Mapping and Survey System (LM&SS) for flight on AAP-1 [the firstApollo Applications Program mission]."[4]
According to the NRO/NASA agreement, lunar photography could be sanitized by eliminating camera scale factors. The project had the unclassified name of Lunar Mapping and Survey System (LM&SS) in NASA channels.[1]
The success of bothLunar Orbiter andSurveyor negated the use of the LM&SS system. There are no recorded spaceflights with these systems. NASA terminated all activity associated with hardware and software procurement, development, and testing for LM&SS on August 2, 1967.[5]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Brooks, Courtney G.; Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W."PART II: Apollo Application Program -January 1967 to December 1968.".SKYLAB: A CHRONOLOGY. NASA Special Publication-4011.NASA. pp. 118–120. Retrieved9 May 2023.| Current programs |
|  |
|---|---|---|
| Facilities & commands |
| |
| Technology & Science | ||
| Satellite lines & projects |
| |
| People | ||
| History | ||
| Past programs |
| |
| Founders | ||