Upton was formed in 1887 fromTom Green County, Texas. The county was named after John C. Upton and his brother William F. Upton. ofTennessee.[9] Cattleman George Elliott became the first to establish a homestead in Upton County in 1880.[10] Beginning as open range, the land was shared with sheepmen by the 1890s. The United States Census counted 52 people living in the county in 1890, and only 48 in 1900; most of these were either members of three families, or were in their employ. The agricultural sector of the county has been outpaced by cattle and sheep ranching. In 1982, about 92% of the land in Upton County was in farms and ranches, but less than 1% of the county was considered prime farmland, and only 2% of the county was cultivated.[4] In the fall of 1911, the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway reached the townsite of Rankin, and by January 1912, most of the people living in Upland had moved to Rankin.[11]
Wildcatter George McCamey's Baker No. 1 in September 1925 opened up the McCamey Oil Field, established the town ofMcCamey and brought the subsequent oil boom to Upton County.[12] TheYates Oil Field inCrockett andPecos Counties resulted in a financial boon for the town ofRankin, which served as a supply and service center. The resulting financial windfall benefitted infrastructure in Rankin.[13][14] In 1946,Mike Benedum began wildcatting in Upton County and opened up what would become known as the Benedum Oil Field.[15] The Weir No. 1 gushed in 1961 and enabled Upton County to continue as an outstanding Texas production area.[16]
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,242 square miles (3,220 km2), of which 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (0.01%) is covered by water.[17] TheSpraberry Trend, the third-largest oil field in the United States by remaining reserves, underlies much of the county.[18] Bobcat Hills, asummit with an elevation of 2,697 ft (822 m), is found in Upton County.[19]
Upton County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of thecensus[25] of 2000, 3,404 people, 1,256 households, and 934 families were residing in the county. Thepopulation density was 3 people per square mile (1.2 people/km2). The 1,609 housing units averaged 1 units per square mile (0.39 units/km2). Theracial makeup of the county was 77.79% White, 1.62% African American, 1.20% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 17.95% from other races, and 1.35% from two or more races. About 42.57% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 1,256 households, 36.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.10% were married couples living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.60% were not families. Around 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68, and the average family size was 3.19.
In the county, the age distribution was 29.30% under 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 14.20% who were 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $28,977, and for a family was $37,083. Males had a median income of $30,729 versus $18,750 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $14,274. About 18.10% of families and 19.90% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 26.60% of those under age 18 and 13.50% of those age 65 or over.
^Allen, Jon L (1996).Texas on Stamps. Texas Christian University Press. p. 16.ISBN978-0-87565-164-4.
^Janin, Hunt; Carlson, Ursula B (2009).Trails of Historic New Mexico: Routes Used by Indian, Spanish and American Travelers through 1886. McFarland. pp. 141–149.ISBN978-0-7864-4010-8.
^Warner, C A; Thompson, Ernest O (2007).Texas Oil & Gas Since 1543. Copano Bay Press. p. 292.ISBN978-0-9767799-5-7.
^Hyne, Norman J.Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling, and Production, 2nd edition. PennWell Books, 2001.ISBN0-87814-823-X,ISBN0-87814-823-X p. 105.
