| UnixWare | |
|---|---|
 | |
 UnixWare 7.1.4, showing theCDE desktop | |
| Developer | Xinuos (previouslyUnivel,Novell,SCO,Caldera Systems,Caldera International,The SCO Group) |
| OS family | Unix (SVR4.2/SVR5) |
| Working state | Current |
| Source model | Closed source |
| Initial release | 1992; 34 years ago (1992) |
| Latest release | 7 Definitive 2018 (D2M1b)[1] / 2022; 4 years ago (2022) |
| Kernel type | Monolithic kernel |
| Userland | POSIX /SUS |
| License | Proprietary |
| Preceded by | UNIX System V |
| Official website | Official website |
UnixWare is aUnixoperating system. It was originally released byUnivel, a jointly owned venture ofAT&T'sUnix System Laboratories (USL) andNovell. It was then taken over by Novell. ViaSanta Cruz Operation (SCO), it went on toCaldera Systems,Caldera International, andThe SCO Group before it was sold toUnXis (nowXinuos). After the acquisition of SCO by Caldera, the name was briefly changed toOpen UNIX before being reverted to the original name in the next release.[2] Binary distributions of UnixWare are available forx86 architecture computers. UnixWare is primarily marketed and deployed as aserver operating system.[3][4]
After theSVR4 effort to mergeSunOS andSystem V,AT&T'sUnix System Laboratories (USL) formed theUnivel partnership withNovell to develop a desktop version of Unix fori386 andi486 machines, codenamed "Destiny".[5]
Destiny is based on theUnix System V release 4.2 kernel. TheMoOLIT toolkit is used for thewindowing system, allowing the user to choose between anOPEN LOOK orMOTIF-like look and feel at runtime. In order to make the system more robust on commodity desktop hardware, theVeritasVXFSjournaling file system is used in place of theUFS file system used in SVR4. Networking support in UnixWare includes bothTCP/IP and interoperability with Novell'sNetWare protocols (IPX/SPX); the former were the standard among Unix users at the time of development, while PC networking was much more commonly based on NetWare.[6]
Destiny was released in 1992 as UnixWare 1.0, with the intention of unifying the fragmented PC Unix market behind this single variant of the operating system. The system was earlier to reach the corporate computing market than Microsoft'sWindows NT, but observers of the period remarked that UnixWare was "just another flavor of Unix", Novell's involvement being more a marketing ploy than a significant influx of technology.[6] There two editions of Destiny: aPersonal Edition, which includes NovellIPX networking but notTCP/IP, and anAdvanced Server Edition with TCP/IP and other server software. The personal edition is limited to two active users, while the server edition includes an unlimited user license. Around 35,000 copies of UnixWare 1.0 were sold.[7]
In 1992, UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition came withDOS Merge 3.0 and Novell'sDR DOS 6.0.
In 1993, Novell purchased USL from AT&T and merged USL and Univel into a newUnix Systems Group.[8]
In 1994 Novell released UnixWare 1.1, which includes TCP/IP in both the personal and advanced server editions.[9]The MOTIF 1.2 runtime libraries are included forCOSE compliance. NUC (NetWare Unix Client) software is included for integration with NovellNetWare servers. TheAdvanced Merge application is installed on both the server and personal editions to allow runningDOS andWindows 3.1 applications.
Novell later released bug-fix versions 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and finally 1.1.4 on 19 June 1995.[10]
UnixWare 2.0, based on theUnix System V release 4.2MP kernel, which added support formultiprocessing, began shipping toOEMs and developers in December 1994,[11] and to the consumer market in March 1995.[12] Both the personal and server editions support two processor systems, with the possibility of buying extraProcessor Upgrade licenses for the server edition. Supported multiprocessor systems include standardIntel MP 1.1SMP machines andCorollary C-bus systems. The system supportsNetWareODI network drivers in an effort to increase the number of supported network interfaces. Other new features in the release include aPOSIX Threads library in addition to the olderUI threads library.[11]
Before SCO licensed UnixWare in 1995, Novell had also announced a project to create a "SuperNOS" based onNetWare 4.1 and UnixWare 2.0 technologies on top ofChorusOS in the future.[13] This never materialized. Instead, a NetWare 4.10 server on Linux was offered asCaldera NetWare for Linux forOpenLinux since 1998, and Novell'sOpen Enterprise Server finally came in 2005.
In 1995, theSanta Cruz Operation (SCO) acquired UnixWare from Novell.[14] The exact terms of this transaction were disputed (seeSCO vs Novell); courts have subsequently determined that Novell retained the ownership of Unix.
When the transfer was made public SCO announced that it would work towards merging UnixWare with itsOpenServerSVR3.2 based OS,[15] but the first release of UnixWare from SCO was version 2.1 in 1996. At the release of UnixWare 2.1 it was announced that the proposed UnixWare/OpenServer merger was known as projectGemini, to be available in 1997 and a 64-bit version of UnixWare was to be developed for 1998.[16]
One controversial change was the adoption of an OpenServer-like user licensing policy. The Univel and Novell releases of UnixWare allow 2 users on the personal edition or unlimited numbers of users on the server edition. With UnixWare 2.1 the server edition includes a license for up to 5 users. Customers wanting more users could purchase 10, 25, 100, 500 or unlimited user license extensions.[17]
SCO released three updates to UnixWare 2.1. UnixWare 2.1.1, released in 1996 achievedUnix 95 branding.[18] UnixWare 2.1.2 and 2.1.3, available in 1998, are largely bug fix releases.
In 1998Compaq released a package known as the Integrity XC consisting of asingle-system imagecluster ofProliant servers with a version of UnixWare 2.1,UnixWare NonStop Clusters.[19]
The first results of the Gemini project were made available in early 1998 as UnixWare 7.[20] SCO named the kernel versionUnix System V release 5. The system is largely based on UnixWare 2.1, with features for driver compatibility with OpenServer, allowing use of OpenServer network drivers. System administration utilities from OpenServer,scoadmin, replace the original UnixWaresysadm utility. Major new features of UnixWare 7 include multi-path I/O, large files and file systems and support for large memory systems.[21]
UnixWare 7 lacks theXenix compatibility features of both its ancestors. This was due to SCO wishing to no longer pay Microsoft more royalties on Xenix.[22][23] For those wanting Xenix compatibility, an optional SCOOpenServer Kernel Personality would later be created.[24]
In 1999 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1 update which increased the number of editions; theBusiness (5-user),Department (25 user) andEnterprise (50 user) editions replace the earlier personal and server editions. The WebTop application fromTarantella, Inc. is included.[25]
In 2000 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1.1 update. Simultaneously theUnixWare NonStop Clusters 7.1.1+IPsingle-system imagecluster package was released. This new package allowscommodity hardware to be used as well as the proprietary Compaq hardware supported by the earlier Integrity XC product, and was directly available from SCO.[26]
On 2 August 2000,[27]Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as rights to the OpenServer and UnixWare products, toCaldera Systems. In March 2001, Caldera Systems announced they would becomeCaldera International (CII),[28] and the SCO purchase was completed in May 2001.[29] The remaining part of the Santa Cruz Operation company, the Tarantella Division, changed its name toTarantella, Inc.
Caldera International's initial release of UnixWare was renamed Open UNIX 8. The name change was intended to highlight the addition of the "Linux Kernel Personality" compatibility layer to the operating system.[30] This release is what would have been UnixWare 7.1.2. Caldera International renamed itself toThe SCO Group in August 2002, after broadening its product line to include mobile products and services.
Later, the newly renamed The SCO Group reverted to the previous UnixWare brand and version release numbering, releasing UnixWare 7.1.3[31] and 7.1.4.[32] No further releases were made under the Open UNIX name. The SCO Group continued to maintain UnixWare and issues periodic maintenance updates and support.[33]
Between 2007 and 2011, The SCO Group engaged in a series oflegal battles. In September 2007, The SCO Group filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[34]
On 11 April 2011,UnXis bought The SCO Group operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware.[35][36]
The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc.,[37] and in August 2012 filed to convert from Chapter 11 toChapter 7.[38]
The rights to Unixware, as well as OpenServer, were acquired by UnXis in 2011.
In June 2013 UnXis was renamed asXinuos[39] and announced product and availability for SCO UnixWare 7.1.4+,[40] now supporting both physical and virtual machines.
| Year | Release | Company | Codebase | Kernel version | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | UnixWare 1.0 | Univel | SVR4.2 | 1 | |
| 1993 | UnixWare 1.1 | Novell | 1 | ||
| UnixWare 1.1.1 | Novell | 1 | |||
| UnixWare 1.1.2 | Novell | 1 | |||
| UnixWare 1.1.3 | Novell | 1 | |||
| 1995 | UnixWare 2.0 | Novell | SVR4.2MP | 2.0 | Support forSMP |
| UnixWare 1.1.4 | Novell | 1 | Final release of UnixWare 1 | ||
| UnixWare 2.0.1 | Novell | 2.0.1 | |||
| UnixWare 2.0.2 | Novell | 2.0.2 | July 1995 | ||
| UnixWare 2.0.3 | Novell | 2.0.3 | November 1995 | ||
| 1996 | UnixWare 2.1 | Santa Cruz Operation | 2.1 | ||
| UnixWare 2.1.1 | Santa Cruz Operation | 2.1.1 | |||
| UnixWare 2.1.2 | Santa Cruz Operation | 2.1.2 | |||
| 1998 | UnixWare 2.1.3 | Santa Cruz Operation | 2.1.3 | Final release of UnixWare 2 | |
| 1998 | UnixWare 7 | Santa Cruz Operation | SVR5 | 7.0.1 | A "merge" of UnixWare 2 andOpenServer 5 (SCO UNIX) |
| UnixWare 7.0.1 | Santa Cruz Operation | 7.0.1 | |||
| 1999 | UnixWare 7.1.0 | Santa Cruz Operation | 7.1.0 | ||
| 2000 | UnixWare 7.1.1 | Santa Cruz Operation | 7.1.1 | ||
| 2001 | Open UNIX 8 | Caldera International | 7.1.2 | ||
| 2003 | UnixWare 7.1.3 | The SCO Group | 7.1.3 | See alsoSmallfoot (SVR6) | |
| 2004 | UnixWare 7.1.4 | The SCO Group | 7.1.4 | No longer included the Linux Kernel Personality[41] | |
| 2004 | UnixWare 7.1.4 MP1 | The SCO Group | 7.1.4 | Maintenance pack 1 | |
| 2005 | UnixWare 7.1.4 MP2 | The SCO Group | 7.1.4 | Maintenance pack 2 | |
| 2006 | UnixWare 7.1.4 MP3 | The SCO Group | 7.1.4 | Maintenance pack 3 | |
| 2008 | UnixWare 7.1.4 MP4 | The SCO Group | 7.1.4 | Maintenance pack 4 | |
| 2013 | UnixWare 7.1.4+ | Xinuos | 7.1.4 | Virtualisation Support[40] forVMware ESX | |
| 2015 | UnixWare 7 Definitive | Xinuos | 7.1.4+ | Compatible with previous supported UnixWare versions[42] | |
| 2017 | UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018 (D2M1) | Xinuos | 7.1.4+ | In-place upgrade from previous supported versions[43] | |
| 2022 | UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018 (D2M1b) | Xinuos | 7.1.4+ | Enhance support forKVM andVirtualBox[44][1] |
All versions of UnixWare have included significantopen source components includingBIND/X11/Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcl and others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open source applications includingApache,Samba,MySQL,PostgreSQL,OpenSSH, andMozilla software, as well as amenities such asSudo,Vim,Tar,Gzip, andRed Hat'sRPM Package Manager[45]
All versions of SCO operating system distributions including UnixWare also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via theSCO Skunkware site.[46][47]
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