Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

University of Plymouth

Coordinates:50°22′27″N4°08′19″W / 50.374121°N 4.138512°W /50.374121; -4.138512
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Public university in Plymouth, England

University of Plymouth
Coat of arms of the University of Plymouth
Former names
MottoLatin:Indagate Fingite Invenite
Motto in English
Explore Dream Discover
TypePublic
Established1992 – University status
1862 – School of Navigation[1][2]
Budget£235.1 million(2021–22)[3]
ChancellorJonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum
Vice-ChancellorRichard Davies
Academic staff
1,560[4]
Administrative staff
915 (est.)[5]
Students18,910 (2020/21)[6]
Undergraduates15,200 (2020/21)[6]
Postgraduates3,710 (2020/21)[6]
Location,
England

50°22′27″N4°08′19″W / 50.374121°N 4.138512°W /50.374121; -4.138512
CampusUrban
ColoursTerracotta
Dark Blue
Black[7]
AffiliationsAssociation of Commonwealth Universities
Channel Islands Universities Consortium
EUA
Universities UK
Websitewww.plymouth.ac.uk
Map

TheUniversity of Plymouth is apublic research university based predominantly inPlymouth, England, where the main campus is located, but the university has campuses and affiliated colleges acrossSouth West England. With 18,410 students, it is the57th largest in the United Kingdom by total number of students (including theOpen University).

History

[edit]

1862 – 2000

[edit]

The university was originally founded as the Plymouth School of Navigation in 1862,[1][2] before becoming a university college in 1920 and apolytechnic institute in 1970,[1] with its constituent bodies being Plymouth Polytechnic,Rolle College inExmouth, theExeter College of Art and Design (which were, before April 1989, run byDevon County Council) andSeale-Hayne College (which before April 1989 was an independent charity). It was renamedPolytechnic South West in 1989, a move that was unpopular with students as the name lacked identity. It was the only polytechnic to be renamed and remained as "PSW" until gaining university status in 1992 along with the other polytechnics. The new university absorbed the Plymouth School of Maritime Studies.

2000 – 2020

[edit]

In 2006, part of the remains of the World War II Portland Squareair-raid shelter were rediscovered on the Plymouth campus.[8] On the night of 22 April 1941, duringthe Blitz, a bomb fell on the site killing over 70 civilians, including a mother and her six children.[8] The bomb blast was so strong that human remains were found in the tops of trees. Only three people escaped alive, all children.

The university's first vice-chancellor was John Bull. He was succeeded byRoland Levinsky until his death on 1 January 2007, when he walked into live electrical cables brought down during a storm.[9] He was temporarily replaced byMark Cleary (now vice-chancellor of theUniversity of Bradford),[10] and then by Steve Newstead.

Wendy Purcell became vice-chancellor on 1 December 2007, however she was later suspended in on 2 July 2014 whilst an internal review was conducted.[11] The suspension was in part due to a dispute over the commissioning of ceremonial chairs at a cost of £95,000 without the board's approval.[12] A linked case saw the chair of the board of governorsWilliam Taylor investigated of sexual harassment of female staff.[13] Purcell was later appointed to a newly created role of president with compensation of £125,000 for loss of office and maintaining her salary of £250,000.[14][15] A month after the review was concluded, theHigher Education Funding Council for England requested an independent external review of the university's governance.[16] In August 2014, the university was instructed byHEFCE to undertake an external review of its governance after vice-chancellor Wendy Purcell was placed on leave.[17]

Judith Petts CBE was appointed the University of Plymouth's vice-chancellor and chief executive in February 2016. She joined Plymouth from theUniversity of Southampton, where she had been pro-vice-chancellor research and enterprise and previously the inaugural dean of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (2010–2013).

The university was selected by theRoyal Statistical Society in October 2008 to be the home of its Centre for Statistical Education.[18] It also runs courses in maritime business, marine engineering, marine biology,[19] and Earth, ocean and environmental sciences.

2020 – present

[edit]

In 2021 work began to completely renovate the interior and exterior of theBabbage Building. The renovations will add an extra 10,000m² worth of space to the building, and create rooftop gardens which will be open to students.[20] Renovation works also began on theInterCity Place tower down by thePlymouth railway station.[21]

The University has plans to tear down the Brunel Building which currently sits opposite Babbage and turn it into an urban park, but no timeline has been released yet.[21]

Richard Davies was appointed the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Plymouth in October 2024 followingJudith Petts's retirement.[22] In his first official message to the University, Davies said that he would "put students first" and that he is "optimistic about the future".[23]

In May 2025, the university announced that it had a £22 million budget shortfall[24] shortly after announcing that over 200 jobs were risk across the organisation,[25] and that some courses were being reviewed. Students in the affected School of Arts, Humanities, and Business started a petition against the cuts which received almost 2000 signatures.[26]

Campus

[edit]

When university status was gained in 1992, the university was based in on multiple sites. Under Vice-Chancellor Levinsky the university began a policy of centralising its campus activities in Plymouth.

The Exmouth campusRolle College housed the Faculty of Education and relocated to the new Rolle Building in August 2008. The decision was unpopular with students and the town ofExmouth itself. There were several protest marches and a campaign to keep the campus open.[27]

Recent developments include Portland Square, a library extension, refurbished and new laboratory and teaching facilities in many of the campus buildings, halls of residence near the Business School and a new £16 millionPeninsula Medical School headquarters atDerriford Hospital, in the north of the city.[28] A Marine Building has been constructed behind the Babbage Building to house civil engineering,coastal engineering andmarine sciences.

Roland Levinsky building

[edit]
The Roland Levinsky Building

The Roland Levinsky Building, designed by architectsHenning Larsen withBuilding Design Partnership, isclad with copper sheets in a seamed-cladding technique, is nine storeys high and has 13,000 square metres (140,000 sq ft) of floor space.[29] The Faculty of Arts, previously based in Exmouth and Exeter moved here in August 2007. The building contains two large lecture theatres, the Jill Craigie Cinema, used by the film students to display their films and for showing of films to the public; three performance rehearsal studios; digital media suites; and a public art gallery which displays work by local artists groups, students and famous artists.

Intercity Place

[edit]
Main article:Intercity Place

Intercity Place is an 11-story tower building adjacent toPlymouth railway station currently undergoing renovations to turn the building into a centre for students studying medical degrees. The tower is being renovated by contractorKier Group and is set to open in 2023.[30] The building used to be the Intercity House office block. The building is currently owned byNetwork Rail, but is being given to the University on a 150 year lease.[31] The renovated building will provide a brand new space to train and develop the next generation of nurses, midwives and allied health professionals from the School of Health Professions and School of Nursing and Midwifery.

Babbage Building

Babbage Building

[edit]
Main article:Babbage Building

The Babbage Building, also known as the New Engineering and Design Facility,[32] is a teaching building named afterCharles Babbage, a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.[33] After renovations in 2021–2023, the building contains a number of fabrication and computing laboratories.[34]

Student accommodation

[edit]

University-managed or approved accommodation in the first year of study is guaranteed for all applicants who choose Plymouth as their first choice institution.[35] The university provides an approved accommodation database, which is available to all continuing students. There are six university-managed halls: Francis Drake, Gilwell, Mary Newman, Pilgrim, Radnor and Robbins. Special accommodation arrangements can be made for students with disabilities or medical conditions.

  • Francis Drake
    Francis Drake
  • Mary Newman
    Mary Newman
  • Robbins
    Robbins
  • Radnor
    Radnor
  • Gibbon St (Left: Pilgrim, Right: Robbins)
    Gibbon St (Left: Pilgrim, Right: Robbins)

Organisation and administration

[edit]

Faculties

[edit]

There are three faculties which each contain a number of schools:

  1. Arts, Humanities and Business
  2. Health
  3. Science and Engineering

Coat of arms

[edit]

The Arms, Crest, Badge and Supporters forming the university’sCoat of Arms were granted on 10 April 2008, in Grant 173/189, by theCollege of Arms.[36]

The books represent the university's focus on learning and scholarship. The scattering of small stars, representnavigation, which has played a key role in the history of the city and the university. The scallop shells in gold, represents pilgrimage, a sign of the importance of the departure of thePilgrim Fathers from a site near theMayflower Steps in thePlymouth Barbican aboard theMayflower in 1620. A Pelican and aGolden Hind support the shield and reflect both the original and later, better known, name ofSir Francis Drake's ship. The crest contains the Latin motto, "Indagate Fingite Invenite" which translates as "Explore Dream Discover" and is a quote fromMark Twain, reflecting the university's ambitions for its students and Plymouth's history of great seafarers.

TheLetters Patent granting Arms to the University of Plymouth were presented byEric Dancer,Lord Lieutenant of Devon, in a ceremony on 27 November 2008, in the presence ofHenry Paston-Bedingfeld,York Herald of theCollege of Arms, the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of Plymouth, Judge William Taylor, the Recorder of Plymouth, andBaroness Judith Wilcox.[37]

The Coat of Arms are rarely seen in use, other than at graduation. The university uses the "with Plymouth University" brand on stationery and signs and keeps the Coat of Arms exclusive. The use of the arms is therefore restricted to graduations and other formal ceremonies, degree certificates and associated materials and the exclusive use by the Office of the Vice-Chancellor.[citation needed]

Academic profile

[edit]
The Portland Square Building

A wide variety of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes are taught at the main city campus in Plymouth. The university scores well in law, psychology, geographical sciences, computing (including digital media) and computer science, fine art and art history.[38] Key developments include: the creation of a new business school; bringing together complementary subjects in a new combined faculty of Science and Engineering; and creating the largest marine science and engineering school in Europe.[citation needed]

Faculty of Arts and Humanities

[edit]

This faculty is host to the School of Art, Design and Architecture, the School of Humanities and Performing Arts, and the Plymouth Institute of Education. Arts subjects are usually taught in theRoland Levinsky building and the Scott building, a 19th-century building located next to Roland Levinsky which was modernised externally in 2008 to keep to the university's current design.

Thefaculty offers degrees inArchitecture, Built environment, English, History,Illustration,Art history,3D Design,Fine Art, Music,Photography,Media arts, Theatre & Performance andDance Theatre. Postgraduate research degree supervision is available across the disciplines in all three Schools, with specific expertise in artistic research.

Faculty of Health

[edit]

Home to the Schools of Psychology, Social Science and Social Work, Health Professions, and Nursing and Midwifery. As well asPGCE programmes, the Faculty offers degrees in Adult Nursing, Child Health Nursing, Mental Health Nursing, Midwifery, Dietetics, Optometry, Social Work, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Paramedicine.

Cyber Security lab at the University.

Faculty of Science and Engineering

[edit]

This faculty is home to the School of Biological and Marine Sciences, the School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, and the School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences.

The university provides professional diving qualifications on a number of its courses, the only university in the country to do so. The university's diving centre is located within its Marine Station teaching and research facility based next to Queen Anne's Battery marina, and has a full-time team of instructors and dedicated boats and equipment.[citation needed]

In October 2005,The Sun newspaper voted the university as having the most bizarre degree course in the country, the BSc (Hons) in Surf Science & Technology. Commonly known as "surfing", this course is actually centred on coastal and ocean sciences, surfing equipment, clothing design, and surfing-related business, which is popular owing to the geographical location of the university.

Faculty of Business

[edit]

The faculty is home to the Plymouth Business School, the School of Law, Criminology and Government, the Plymouth Graduate School of Management and the School of Tourism and Hospitality. Plymouth's Business School has most notably been very successful in national rankings by subject, where subjects like economics have ranked 16th, according to The Guardian.[39] Plymouth Graduate School of Management also offersMaritime Studies through the BSc (Hons) Maritime Business and Maritime Law and the MSc in International Shipping.

The university has strong links with the cruising industry, offering courses in the Maritime and Cruising sector. The school offers BSc (Hons) in Cruise Management, where students can opt to take a year out to work withP&O orPrincess Cruises for two four-month periods.[40]

Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry

[edit]

Medicine and Dentistry were first established as part of the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry in 2000, which operated as a partnership between Plymouth University and theUniversity of Exeter.[41] In January 2012 the two founding members of the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry (PCMD) the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, outlined their plans to expand independently and grow the success of the now nationally recognised professional health education provider. These changes came into effect from the start of the 2013 academic year. PUPSMD consists of the School of Medicine, the School of Dentistry, and the School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences.

Academic Partnerships

[edit]

The Academic Partnerships network is a collaboration between the university and local colleges across the South West and South of England. There are hundreds of higher education courses available providing opportunities for progression to other qualifications.[citation needed] For example, someone who has spent two years studying for a foundation degree at their local college – and who has successfully passed their exams – can move on to the final year of a full honours degree at the university.[citation needed]


Academic Partnerships associates include:

Plymouth is the main sponsor ofMarine Academy Plymouth.[44] It is also the main sponsor ofUTC Plymouth, which opened in September 2013.

Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning

[edit]

In 2005 the university was awarded fourHEFCE funded Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETLs). In addition, Plymouth was a partner in a fifth successful bid, led byLiverpool Hope University.[citation needed]

The university's CETLs are:

  • Centre for Excellence in Professional Placement Learning (CEPPL)
  • Experiential Learning in the Environmental and Natural Sciences
  • Higher Education Learning Partnerships CETL
  • Centre for Sustainable Futures (Education for Sustainable Development)
  • Learn Higher

Reputation and rankings

[edit]
Rankings
National rankings
Complete (2026)[45]75
Guardian (2026)[46]84
Times / Sunday Times (2026)[47]58
Global rankings
ARWU (2025)[48]701–800
QS (2026)[49]613=
THE (2026)[50]501–600

The University of Plymouth ranks 503rd in the CWUR World University Rankings 2017[51] InThe Times and Sunday Times University League Table 2018, the University of Plymouth's world ranking was listed as joint 701st[52] and 601–650 inQS World University Rankings 2019.[53]Times Higher Education ranked Plymouth 401–500 in its World University Rankings 2017–18,[54] and ranked it 65th among 200 institutions in its World Young University Rankings 2017.[55]

The results of the 2014Research Excellence Framework showed that, overall, Plymouth was ranked joint 66 of 128 UK institutions, rising 9 places from the previousResearch Assessment Exercise in 2008.[56] Across all assessed subject areas Plymouth showed substantial evidence of 3* (internationally excellent) and 4* (world leading) research, and this was particularly evident in Clinical Medicine, Computer Sciences & Informatics, Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, and Earth Systems & Environmental Sciences, where 79–85% of research was ranked as 3* or 4*.[57]

Plymouth was the first university to be awarded the Social Enterprise Mark in recognition of working as a genuine social enterprise, caring for communities and protecting the planet.[citation needed]

Notable academics

[edit]
See also:Category:Academics of the University of Plymouth

Staff include political scientists/psephologistsColin Rallings andMichael Thrasher, who have written extensively onelectoral systems, voting behaviour, polling results and British politics. Other notable academics include mathematicianRichard Jozsa; health informaticianMaged N. Kamel Boulos; composer and filmmakerAlexis Kirke; Professor inComputer music and composerEduardo Reck Miranda;Roy Lowry who in August 2006 broke the world record for launching the most rockets at once;[58]Iain Stewart who has fronted BBC documentaries such asJourneys into the Ring of Fire andJourneys from the Centre of the Earth;Alexis Kirke an interdisciplinary performer and artist; sociologistJohn Scott, a sociologist focused on elites, power, social stratification, and social network analysis;Jacqueline Andrade, professor of psychology;[59] andRichard Thompson, who coined the term "microplastics".[60][61][62][63] Emeritus ProfessorJonathan St B. T. Evans from the school of Psychology has contributed greatly to the discussion ofDual-Process theory and has been publishing for over 40 years. Dr. Mike McCulloch, physicist and developer of the Quantised Inertia Theory.

Notable alumni

[edit]
See also:Category:Alumni of the University of Plymouth

Alumni include the world's youngest single-handed cross-Atlantic sailorSeb Clover, historianPhilip Payton, BBC wildlife presenterMonty Halls, television presenterMichael Underwood, life peerJudith Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox, (Plymouth Polytechnic), travel writer and physicianJane Wilson-Howarth, children's authorSteve Augarde, artistsSue Austin,Julian Bovis,Pen Dalton,Andrea Polli,Hatice Güleryüz, multimedia artist and scholarEllen Levy, computer scientist at IBMMandy Chessell, MP forBristol North WestDarren Jones, journalistMatt Cooke, politiciansLaura Anne Jones,Mark Williams andDarius J. Pearce, marine biologistsHeather Koldewey andDavid Sims, meteorologistClare Nasir, members of the bandMeeky Rosie, Indonesian businessman and politicianJaka Singgih, andTom Rivett-Carnac, Officer of theUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Students' union

[edit]
Main article:University of Plymouth Students' Union

University of Plymouth Students' Union, usually abbreviated "UPSU" is anon-profit making organisation. Each year, students elect the officers who will represent them for the following year. The Union offers a range of services and stages a number of events throughout the year. As well as events, the Union is the base for most of the sports teams and societies at the university.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"History of Higher Education in Plymouth". University of Plymouth. Archived fromthe original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved17 April 2012.
  2. ^abAlston Kennerley (2001). "Ch. 4 Plymouth School of Navigation".The Making of the University of Plymouth.ISBN 1841020699.
  3. ^"Annual Report and Financial Statements Year Ended 31 July 2022"(PDF). University of Plymouth. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 December 2022. Retrieved21 February 2023.
  4. ^"Who's working in HE? – HE staff by HE provider".Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved1 January 2023.
  5. ^"Facts and figures". University of Plymouth. Retrieved1 January 2023.
  6. ^abc"HE student enrolments by HE provider 2014/15 to 2020/21".Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved1 January 2023.
  7. ^"Academic dress and gowning". University of Plymouth. Archived fromthe original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved24 June 2009.
  8. ^abTony Rees, Gerry Cullum and Steve & Karen Johnson (8 July 2007)."Portland Square Air Raid Shelter at Plymouth". CyberHeritage.com. Archived fromthe original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved6 November 2007.
  9. ^"Power cable kills university boss". BBC. 2 January 2007.
  10. ^"University boss successor named". BBC. 4 January 2007.
  11. ^"Plymouth University vice-chancellor suspended".BBC News. 2 July 2014.
  12. ^"Wendy Purcell 'did not seek board approval' for chairs".Times Higher Education (THE). 22 September 2014. Retrieved6 July 2020.
  13. ^"Concerns about Plymouth University chairman predate current crisis".Times Higher Education (THE). 28 August 2014. Retrieved6 July 2020.
  14. ^"University boss given £125k pay-off".BBC News. 6 February 2016. Retrieved6 July 2020.
  15. ^"Wendy Purcell is still paid top salary".Times Higher Education (THE). 2 April 2015. Retrieved6 July 2020.
  16. ^Gallacher, Neil (5 August 2014)."Regulator calls for Plymouth University review".BBC News.
  17. ^"Search".Times Higher Education (THE). 7 August 2014.
  18. ^"Plymouth chosen for Prestigious Centre". University of Plymouth. 17 October 2008. Archived fromthe original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved21 October 2008.
  19. ^"Degree courses in Marine Biology". University of Plymouth. Archived fromthe original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved24 June 2009.
  20. ^Telford, William (6 July 2021)."Work starts to create Plymouth University engineering block".Business Live. Retrieved19 March 2023.
  21. ^ab"Campus masterplan: re-imagining the next generation campus".University of Plymouth. Retrieved19 March 2023.
  22. ^Telford, William (11 July 2024)."New head of Plymouth University announced".Plymouth Live. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  23. ^Chadwick, Louis (14 October 2024)."Plymouth University's new Vice-Chancellor puts 'Students first' in opening messages".Plymouth Chronicle. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  24. ^"University faces £22m budget shortfall".BBC News. 22 May 2025. Retrieved21 June 2025.
  25. ^"University of Plymouth announces 200 potential job losses".BBC News. 8 May 2025. Retrieved21 June 2025.
  26. ^Telford, William (21 May 2025)."Course closure fears as Plymouth Uni fights to save cash".Plymouth Live. Retrieved21 June 2025.
  27. ^"Teaching college closure agreed".BBC News. 11 November 2005.
  28. ^"Medical school plans new headquarters". BBC Devon. 6 January 2002.
  29. ^"The Roland Levinsky Building, Plymouth University".Scott Wilson website. Archived fromthe original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved29 April 2008.
  30. ^Telford, William (18 March 2022)."Plymouth to get new multi-storey car park".PlymouthLive. Retrieved29 March 2023.
  31. ^Telford, William (3 September 2022)."Plymouth's 'halo of light' shines as project almost finished".PlymouthLive. Retrieved29 March 2023.
  32. ^Lomholt, Isabelle (2 September 2020)."Plymouth Architecture, Devon Buildings + Architects".e-architect. Retrieved29 December 2023.
  33. ^"Building plaques".University of Plymouth. Retrieved29 June 2023.
  34. ^"Babbage Building: where engineering meets design".University of Plymouth. Retrieved29 June 2023.
  35. ^"Accommodation: residence life".Plymouth University. Retrieved3 June 2015.
  36. ^"FAQs: heraldry – College of Arms". Retrieved3 June 2015.
  37. ^"At the heart of the city and the region". Archived fromthe original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved11 August 2010.
  38. ^"University of Plymouth – an introduction". University of Plymouth. Archived fromthe original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved21 October 2008.
  39. ^"University guide 2013: league table for economics".The Guardian. Retrieved11 March 2018.
  40. ^"BSc (Hons) Cruise Management". University of Plymouth. Retrieved24 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
  41. ^"Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry". Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. Archived fromthe original on 12 March 2005. Retrieved24 June 2009.
  42. ^"MLA College – Online and Distance Learning Courses in Marine and Maritime Subjects – HOME". Mla-uk.com. Retrieved17 April 2022.
  43. ^"Marine Learning Alliance Ltd".University of Plymouth.
  44. ^"The Sponsors | Marine Academy Plymouth". Archived fromthe original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved25 July 2013.
  45. ^"Complete University Guide 2026". The Complete University Guide. 10 June 2025.
  46. ^"Guardian University Guide 2026".The Guardian. 13 September 2025.
  47. ^"Good University Guide 2026".The Times. 19 September 2025.
  48. ^"Academic Ranking of World Universities 2025". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 15 August 2025.
  49. ^"QS World University Rankings 2026". Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 19 June 2025.
  50. ^"THE World University Rankings 2026". Times Higher Education. 9 October 2025.
  51. ^"The CWUR League Table".The Center for World University Rankings. 24 September 2017. Retrieved24 September 2017.
  52. ^"The Sunday Times University League Table".Times Newspapers Ltd. 24 September 2017. Retrieved24 September 2017.
  53. ^"QS World University Rankings 2019". Quacquarelli Symonds Limited.
  54. ^"THE World University Rankings 2017–2018".Times Higher Education. 5 September 2017. Retrieved5 September 2017.
  55. ^"THE Young University Rankings 2017".Times Higher Education. 29 April 2017. Retrieved29 April 2017.
  56. ^"REF 2014: overall table of excellence"(PDF).Times Higher Education. London. 18 December 2014.
  57. ^"University of Plymouth".REF 2014. 18 December 2014.
  58. ^"Firework Record goes with a Bang". BBC. 16 August 2006.
  59. ^"Fellows".Academy of Social Sciences. Retrieved8 December 2014.
  60. ^"Professor Richard Thompson OBE – University of Plymouth".www.plymouth.ac.uk. Retrieved2 January 2020.
  61. ^Thompson, Andrea."Earth Has a Hidden Plastic Problem—Scientists Are Hunting It Down".Scientific American. Retrieved2 January 2020.
  62. ^"To Save the Oceans, Should You Give Up Glitter?".National Geographic News. 30 November 2017. Retrieved2 January 2020.
  63. ^"Microplastic waste: This massive (tiny) threat to sea life is now in every ocean".The Independent. 13 July 2014. Retrieved2 January 2020.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toUniversity of Plymouth.
People
Governance
Other
The Roland Levinsky building
Buildings
Facilities
Affiliates
Links to related articles
England
East of England
London
University
of London
Other
Midlands
North
South
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Overseas territories
Crown dependencies
Non-geographic
Related
International
National
Geographic
People
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Plymouth&oldid=1316029004"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp