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Moscow State University (MSU), officiallyM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,[a] is apublicresearch university inMoscow, Russia.[3] The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of theSoviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13Nobel laureates, sixFields Medal winners, and oneTuring Award winner were affiliated with the university.
The first lectures were given on 7 May [O.S. 26 April].Saint Petersburg State University and MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree ofPeter the Great.[citation needed]
Main buildings of the university in Mokhovaya Street, 1798
In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779,Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became agymnasium forRussian nobility. Theuniversity press, run byNikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia:Moskovskie Vedomosti.[citation needed]
The roots of student unrest in the university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. Theimperial government repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigneden masse, includingNikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy,Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, andSergei Alekseevich Chaplygin; thousands of students were expelled.[citation needed]
After theOctober Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation ofJoseph Stalin'sfirst five-year plan (1928–32), prisoners from theGulag were forced to construct parts of the newly expanded university.[citation needed]
A 1962 Soviet stamp features Moscow State University.
In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students.[5] A 2014 article entitled "Math as a tool of anti-semitism" inThe Mathematics Enthusiast discussedantisemitism in the Moscow State University's Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s.[6][7][8]
In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU's law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes.[9] After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education).[citation needed]
On 6 September 1997, French electronic musicianJean Michel Jarre used the front of the university as the backdrop for aconcert. The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people.[10]
Students celebrating the 250th anniversary of the university in 2005
In 2007, MSU RectorViktor Sadovnichy said that corruption in Russia's education system was a "systemic illness," and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for a significant fee.[11]
In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department, was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil.[14][15] In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of theKolmogorov Special Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis.[16]
Building of the Faculties of Biology and of Soil Science
Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated onSparrow Hills, in southwest Moscow. In the post-war era,Joseph Stalin orderedseven tiered neoclassic towers to be built around the city. It was built usingGulag labour, as were many of Stalin's Great Construction Projects in Russia.[27][28][29] The MSU main building was thetallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high.[30]
The university has contacts with universities throughout the world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses theUNESCO International Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened.[citation needed]
The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff.[citation needed] Approximately 5,000 researchers work at the university's research institutes and facilities.[43] More than 40,000 undergraduates and 7,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled.[43] Annually, the university hosts approximately 2,000 students, graduate students, and researchers from around the world.[citation needed]
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