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Unity of religion and rule

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(Redirected fromUnity of ritual and government)
Japanese political concept

The term unity of religion and rule (祭政一致,saisei itchi)[1] refers to the unification of ritual andpolitics. ritual in ritual-politics means "ritual" andreligion. The word "politics" means "ritual" and politics.[2]

Under theritualistic system, the political leader is also the religious leader. This ideology and political form is common in ancient societies governed byanimist religions.[original research?][3][4]、In Japan, theOracle ofmiko can be traced back to the ancienttheocracy, including theYamato Kingship, where the Oracle ofWu had political authority, as well as theRyukyu Kingdom, a system of government that was based on theRyukyu Kingdom.[5]

Shinto is ananimistic religion, and one of its characteristics is the unity of ritual and government.[6] Although not necessarily restricted to Shinto in Japanese, rites and ceremonies are used in English asSaisei itchi as a term for Shinto.[6][7][8][9] Keiichi Yanagawa defined ritual government as different from theocracy, in which a professional clergyman directly governs.[10] Ritual and political unity has been referred to primarily in the context of the ancient emperor system.[11]

Ritual and Political Unity in Japan

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On March 13, 1868, theMeiji Restoration announced the Restoration of the Monarchy and the reestablishment of theDepartment of Divinities in a "Dajokanbudan".[12][13]

Also used on January 3, 1870, in the "Declaration of the Great Teachings" (Dai-kyo Sengen).[14][15]

Later in theMeiji era, the theory came to be replaced withSecular Shrine Theory,[16] the idea thatShinto Shrines were secular in their nature rather than religious.[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Glossary of Shinto Names and Terms: K".www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved2023-03-10.
  2. ^『世界大百科事典』に山田武の署名記事があるほか，無記名ではあるが『マイペディア』などの百科事典，『日本国語大辞典』『広辞苑』などの国語辞典，また新聞報道などにも細部の表現は違うが使われている。
  3. ^小学館 2021b, p. 「原始宗教」.
  4. ^小学館 2021c, p. 「原始宗教」.
  5. ^山上 1989, pp. 84–100.
  6. ^abNigosian, S. A. (January 1, 1994),World Faiths, Bedford/st Martins; 2nd edition, pp. 217–218,ISBN 978-0312084141
  7. ^"saisei-itchi | Japanese religion".britannica.com. Retrieved2022-04-25.
  8. ^Public Shrine Forests? Shinto, Immanence, and Discursive Secularization, Aike P. Rots, Japan Review 30 Special Issue (2017): p.187
  9. ^Saisei itchiは"the unity of religion and government"か"the unity of ritual and government"と直訳され神道固有の概念として解説されている
  10. ^Between Unity and Separation: Religion and Politics in Japan, 1965-1977 Yanagawa Keiichi and David Reid, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 6/4 December 1979. p.502
  11. ^平凡社 2021d, p. 「祭政一致」.
  12. ^「此度王政復古，神武創業ノ始ニ被為基，諸事御一新，祭政一致之御制度ニ御復被遊候ニ付テハ，先第一神祇官御再興御造立ノ上……（後略）」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5　宗教と国家』425ページ
  13. ^明治元年太政官布告第153 『法令全書. 慶応３年』 p.63、内閣官報局（国立国会図書館）
  14. ^「朕恭惟　天神　天祖，立極垂統；列皇相承，継之述之。祭政一致，億兆同心。治教明于上，風俗美于下。而中世以降，時有汚隆，道有顕晦，治教之不洽也久矣。今也，天運循環，百度維新，宜明治教，以宣揚惟神大道也。因新命宣教使，以布教天下。汝群臣衆庶，其体斯旨。」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5　宗教と国家』431ページ
  15. ^『歴代の詔勅』 p.66 河野省三 内閣印刷局、1940年（国立国会図書館）
  16. ^"神社非宗教論とは - Weblio辞書".www.weblio.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved2022-03-13.
  17. ^新田 1995, p. 199-220. sfn error: no target: CITEREF新田1995 (help)

Bibliography

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  • 世界大百科事典&マイペディア 第2版[CD-ROM]，ISBN 978-4816981838
  • 広辞苑 第六版 DVD-ROM版，ISBN 978-4001301618
  • 安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5　宗教と国家』岩波書店，1988，ISBN 978-4002300054
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