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 United States |  Vanuatu |
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TheUnited States andVanuatu established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1986 – three months to the day after Vanuatu had establisheddiplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.[1] Relations were often tense in the 1980s, under the prime ministership of FatherWalter Lini in Vanuatu, but eased after that. At present, bilateral relations consist primarily in US aid to Vanuatu, and are cordial.
Vanuatu obtained independence fromFrance and theUnited Kingdom in 1980, and, under the leadership of Prime MinisterWalter Lini, set out to establish its ownforeign policy as a newly independent State. Lini, anAnglicanpastor, forged the doctrine ofMelanesian socialism, and based his government's foreign policy onnon-alignment and on support for independence movements around the world – from farawayWestern Sahara to neighbouringNew Caledonia. Vanuatu in the 1980s was unique inOceania in that it resisted alignment with theWestern bloc in the dying stages of theCold War. The country joined theNon-Aligned Movement in 1983 and established official diplomatic relations withCuba (1983) and the Soviet Union (June 1986) before doing the same with the United States (September 1986). Vanuatu maintained cordial relations with countries in bothEast and West.[2]
In 1986, Vanuatu condemned the1986 bombing of Libya by the United States. Lini wrote to ColonelMuammar Gaddafi to express his condolences, notably at the death of Gaddafi's 15-month-old daughter, and his dismay that "innocent lives have been taken by the bombs of asuperpower".Barak Sopé added that "the United States were wrong, they behaved asterrorists and aggressors", and that "theCIA is involved in all sorts of similar activities. InNicaragua,the Americans are supporting terrorists."[3]
These statements marked the lowest point in U.S.–ni-Vanuatu relations.
In January 1987, Prime Minister Walter Lini and Foreign Affairs MinisterSela Molisa visitedWashington, D.C. Lini had been scheduled to meet PresidentRonald Reagan, but was struck down bycerebral hemorrhage shortly after arriving in the United States. Instead, Molisa met U.S. Secretary of StateGeorge Shultz. The two men primarily discussedSoviet–ni-Vanuatu relations, which were of concern to the U.S. government, and sought to build friendship between the United States and Vanuatu. Shultz declared that the meeting had been "cordial", while Molisa praised his knowledge of Pacific issues. In April, Vanuatu authorised U.S. vessels to fish in the ni-VanuatuExclusive Economic Zone, alongside Soviet ships. In May,Vernon A. Walters, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, visited Vanuatu.[4]
In 1991, Lini lost office after eleven years at the head of the ni-Vanuatu government. Relations between Washington andPort-Vila remained infrequent but mostly cordial.
Between 1977 and 1987, Vanuatu received just under $3 million from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), including projects focusing on assisting the transition to indigenous plantation management. In June 1994, the regional USAID office located inSuva, Fiji, was closed due to U.S. Government budgetary cutbacks. The U.S. military retains training links and conducts ad hoc assistance projects in Vanuatu.
Following the1991 general election, thefrancophoneUnion of Moderate Parties became the dominant party in Parliament, andMaxime Carlot Korman became the country's first francophone Prime Minister. He "reversed [the country's] unequivocal support for theKanak National Liberation Front inNew Caledonia, itssystematic enmity towards France, its flirting with radical regimes, and its openlyanti-American nuclear-free Pacific stance." Francophones held power, under Carlot Korman orSerge Vohor, until 1998.[5]
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In March 2006, the United States Millennium Challenge Corporation signed a five-year $65.69 million Compact agreement with Vanuatu. The Millennium Challenge Program is expected to increase average income per capita by 15% within five years and directly impact the lives of more than 65,000 of the rural poor in Vanuatu.
Vanuatu identified costly and unreliabletransportation infrastructure as a major impediment to economic growth. To overcome this constraint, the Compact consists of up to eleven infrastructure projects—includingroads,wharfs, anairstrip andwarehouses—that will help poor, rural agricultural producers and providers of tourist related goods and services reduce transportation costs and improve access to transportation services. The Compact also includes institutional strengthening efforts and policy reform initiatives in Vanuatu's Public Works Department, including: provision of plant and equipment for maintenance; introduction of service performance contracts; establishment of local community maintenance schemes; and introduction of user fees.
The United States also remains a major financial contributor to international and regional organizations that assist Vanuatu, including theWorld Bank,UNICEF,WHO, theUN Fund for Population Activities, and theAsian Development Bank.
In 1989, the United States concluded a Peace Corps agreement with Vanuatu. The Peace Corps currently has over 80 volunteers in-country. The United States also provides military training assistance.
In 2023, the United States announced plans to open up an embassy in Vanuatu, as part of a larger regional push to strengthen ties in the Pacific.[6]
Prior to Vanuatu's independence, the United States maintained a large naval base inLuganville, in the then-New Hebrides, during World War II, which housed approximately 250,000 soldiers.[7] In June 2018,PresidentTallis Obed Moses requested that the United States consider reestablishing a military base in Vanuatu.[7]
This article incorporatespublic domain material fromU.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets.United States Department of State.
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