 | This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(February 2025) |
 | |
 European Union |  United States |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| European Union Delegation, Washington, D.C. | United States Mission, Brussels |
| Envoy | |
| AmbassadorJovita Neliupšienė | AmbassadorAndrew Puzder |
TheUnited States and theEuropean Union began formal relations in 1953, when U.S. diplomats visited theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (theEU precursor, created in 1951) in addition to the national governments of its six founding countries (Belgium,France,Italy,Luxembourg, theNetherlands, andWest Germany, present-dayGermany).[1] The two parties have historically shared a good relationship strengthened by a military cooperation withinNATO, cooperation on trade, and theircommon values. However, since the 1960s, there have been many long-running and ongoing disputes over economy, foreign policy, and domestic policy/laws.
The relationship has severely deteriorated since the beginning of 2025 with thereelection of Donald Trump asUS President, his embrace of the "America First" policy and the conflict over theRussian invasion of Ukraine following President Trump's efforts to redirect US support away fromUkraine in favour ofRussia andVladimir Putin. Moreover, Trump's plan to impose heavy tariffs for EU products, led to concerns in the EU over rising protectionism and the potential impact on transatlantic economic ties. Both sides have engaged in ongoing negotiations, aiming to avoid escalation while preserving a stable trading relationship.[2]
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Diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the European Community were initiated in 1953 when the first U.S. observers were sent to theEuropean Coal and Steel Community. The U.S. Mission to the ECSC formally opened inLuxembourg in 1956. The Delegation of the European Commission to the United States in Washington, D.C. was established in 1954, and the United States Mission to the European Communities, now the United States Mission to the European Union, was established in 1961 in Brussels. On November 25, 2003, the U.S. and the EU celebrated 50 years of diplomatic ties.[1]
In 1990, the relations of the U.S. with the European Community were formalized by the adoption of the Transatlantic Declaration. A regular political dialogue between the U.S. and the EC was thereby initiated at various levels, including regular summit meetings. The cooperation focused on the areas of economy, education, science and culture.[1]
TheNew Transatlantic Agenda (NTA), which was launched at the Madrid summit in 1995, carried the cooperation forward. The NTA contains four broad objectives for U.S.-EU collaboration: promoting peace and stability, democracy and development around the world; responding to global challenges; contributing to the expansion of world trade and closer economic relations; and building bridges Across the Atlantic.[1]
In connection with the adoption of the New Transatlantic Agenda, a Joint EU-U.S. Action Plan was drawn up committing the EU and the U.S. to a large number of measures within the overall areas of cooperation. As an extension of the NTA efforts, an agreement was reached at the 1998 London summit to intensify cooperation in the area of trade, which resulted in theTransatlantic Economic Partnership (TEP). The TEP covers both bilateral and multilateral trade. Bilaterally, the TEP addresses various types of obstacles to trade and strives to establish agreements on mutual recognition in the areas of goods and services. Furthermore, the TEP addresses cooperation in the areas ofpublic procurement andintellectual property law. Multilaterally, the TEP focuses on furtherliberalization of trade within theWorld Trade Organization in order to strengthenworld trade. The interests of the business sector, the environment and the consumers are to be integrated into this work.[1]
In building bridges across the Atlantic, a number of people-to-people dialogues have been set up. The goal is to enable individual actors to give their opinion. In connection with each summit meeting time is set aside for meetings with representatives of one or more of these dialogues, which include theTransatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD); theTransatlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD); theTransatlantic Policy Network (TPN), a non-governmental grouping of members of theU.S. Congress and theEuropean Parliament, business leaders and think tanks; the Transatlantic Environmental Dialogue (TAED); and theTransatlantic Legislators Dialogue (TLD).[1]
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Together the U.S. and EU dominate global trade, they play the leading roles in international diplomacy and military strength. What each one says matters a great deal to much of the rest of the world.[3] Both the U.S. and the majority ofEU member states are members of theNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).[4][5] And yet they have regularly disagreed with each other on a wide range of specific issues, as well as having often quite different political, economic, and social agendas. Since the EU does not have a fully integrated foreign policy, relations can be more complicated when the member states do not have a common agreed position, asEU foreign policy was divided during theIraq War. Understanding the relationship today means reviewing developments that predate the creation of theEuropean Economic Community (precursor to today's European Union).
The European experience with thefirst Trump administration (2017–21) left uncertainty vis-à-vis a realistic prospect on long-term predictability of U.S.foreign policy.[6] The period saw a deepening of contradictions between both parties, including trade,climate action and adherence to international treaties.[7] All in all, bilateral relationships deteriorated and endured a profound damage under the first Trump administration.[8]
On December 2, 2020, following the2020 U.S. presidential election, a joint communication published by the European Commission lined up a proposal for a new agenda of improvement of the EU–US relations with the incomingBiden administration, seeking for partnership in four major policy areas: health response, climate change, trade and tech, and security.[9]
On March 5, 2021, following a call between EU Commission presidentUrsula von der Leyen and U.S. presidentJoe Biden, the EU and the U.S. agreed to suspend all the retaliatory tariffs linked to the Airbus and Boeing disputes for a 4-month period.[10]
Thefall of Afghanistan in August 2021 had a negative impact on European Union–United States relations.[11][12][13]
On September 20, 2021, EU Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen called "not acceptable" the treatment of one of EU's member states (France) over theAUKUS submarine deal, when Australia, the United States and the UK negotiated a defense pact ditching a long-standing Australian agreement with France.[14] Similarly, European Council presidentCharles Michel denounced a "lack of loyalty" on the part of the US.[15]
TheEU–US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) met for the first time on September 29, 2021, inPittsburgh.[16]
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The relations between the European Union and the United States worsened noticeably afterDonald Trump had been sworn in as the President of the United States in January 2025. The United States' declarations regarding the need for anincreased European involvement in its own defense as well as Donald Trump's calls to decrease US military involvement in Europe were seen by the European Union officials as a sign of lack of commitment towards NATO and European defense by the United States. Various controversial statements involving both the US President Donald Trump and as the vice president of the United StatesJD Vance including threats toannex Greenland as well as accusations oflack of democracy in the European Union were perceived as acts of hostility and unnecessary involvement in the internal affairs of the European Union by the United States.[17]
On February 14, 2025,US Vice-President JD Vance delivered a speech filled with misinformation and falsehoods before the 2025Munich Security Conference[18] in which he openly advocated support for extremist far-right movements within Europe,[19] criticized the leadership of theEuropean Union for insufficient spending on defense and falsely claimed thatcensorship in the European Union was being used against far-right groups. The speech was met with widespread shock, condemnation and outrage from EU leaders; FormerPrime Minister of SwedenCarl Bildt called Vance's speech "significantly worse than expected".[20] Thehead of European Union diplomacy,Kaja Kallas, said that she had the feeling that the United States was "trying to pick a fight with us."[21]German Minister of DefenseBoris Pistorius said that Vance's comparison of parts of Europe to authoritarian regimes was "not acceptable".[22]
The speech has been described by both EU and US media outlets as a watershed moment[23] and a turning point in EU-US relations;[24] that it marked the beginning of the end for the transatlantic alliance[25] and that going forward, the EU and the US were no longer friends and allies but necessary partners only.[26]
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On July 27, 2025, the United States and the European Union reached a political agreement on a trade agreement, providing for 15% tariffs on European exports.[27] The deal was announced by Trump and President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, atTurnberry, Scotland.[28][29] European states committed to $750 billion in energy purchases and $600 billion in additional investments in the United States.[30] On 21 August the EU and the US issued a joint statement with details of the trade agreement.[31][32] On 28 August the Commission put forward regulations for the Parliament and Council to enact the EU's tariff reductions, a necessary step for the US to retroactively lower its tariffs on EU cars to 15% from 1 August.[33][34]
In September 2025, Donald Trump urged EU member states to stop buyingRussian oil and start puttingeconomic pressure on China for funding Russia's war effort in Ukraine.[35][36] Treasury SecretaryScott Bessent said the Trump administration is "prepared to increase pressure on Russia, but we need our European partners to follow us."[37] Trump urged the EU to impose 100% tariffs on China and India. However, EU officials deemed the move unlikely due to legal constraints, trade considerations—especially trade talks with India—and a preference for targeted sanctions over broad tariffs.[38][39]
The administration has taken opposition to EU laws with Trump posting, "I will stand up to Countries that attack our incredible American Tech Companies. Digital Taxes, Digital Services Legislation, and Digital Markets Regulations".[40][41][42] In a February 2025 Fact Sheet, the administration stated it would "consider responsive actions like tariffs to combat thedigital service taxes (DSTs), fines, practices, and policies that foreign governments levy on American companies" and that "theDigital Markets Act and theDigital Services Act, will face scrutiny from the Administration".[43][44] In May 2025, the administration announced that it would implement a "Visa Restriction Policy Targeting Foreign Nationals Who Censor Americans" citing concern over "flagrant censorship actions against U.S. tech companies".[45][46] FCC chairBrendan Carr had previously described the Digital Services Act (DSA) as "positioned to thwart efforts by U.S. tech companies to preserve and respect First Amendment principles on their platforms" and stated "the Trump Administration made clear that the DSA threatens freedom of speech and diversity of opinion both within the United States and worldwide".[47][48] In August 2025, an internal diplomatic cable was reported to have "instructed U.S. diplomats in Europe to launch a lobbying campaign to build opposition to the" DSA.[49] FTC chairAndrew N. Ferguson sent letters to tech companies warning against "censoring" "in response to the laws, demands, or expected demands of foreign powers" including the DSA.[50][51]
In December 2025, the US PresidentDonald Trump released theNational Security Strategy of his administration, which says that negotiating "an expeditious cessation of hostilities in Ukraine" is in the US's core interest, but states the US "finds itself at odds with European officials who hold unrealistic expectations for the war perched in unstable minority governments, many of which trample on basic principles of democracy to suppress opposition".[52] The document devotes significant criticism to Europe, saying its economic problems are "eclipsed by the real and more stark prospect of civilizational erasure".[53] It states the "larger issues facing Europe include activities of the European Union and other transnational bodies that undermine political liberty and sovereignty, migration policies that are transforming the continent and creating strife, censorship of free speech and suppression of political opposition, cratering birthrates, and loss of national identities and self-confidence", while noting the "growing influence of patriotic European parties indeed gives cause for great optimism". It also says "Over the long term, it is more than plausible that within a few decades at the latest, certain NATO members will become majority non-European," The document calls for the US to prioritize "cultivating resistance to Europe’s current trajectory within European nations".[54] After this, thePresident of the European CouncilAntónio Costa was pretty eager to denounce Trunp's memo as a cause for concern as if there was need for protection against (Europe's) own allies.[55] Furthermore, Trump's memo seems to have a hidden part that actively pursues the idea to derange the EU by the help of four EU member states as if to disrupt the EU from the inside.[56] The four concerned countries are Italy, Hungary, Austria, and Poland.[57] Austria was quick to announce that it regards any such forthcoming as meddling in its internal affairs.[58] Trump's move is themelined by the slogan 'Make Europe great again' as if it is an adjacent to MAGA - 'Make America great again.'[59]Italy threatened to block the agreement over Mercosur with South America in the direct aftermath of Trump's memo.[60]
On 24 December 2025, the US State Department issued travel bans on several EU individuals including former European Commissioner for Internal MarketThierry Breton and Anna-Lena von Hodenberg and Josephine Ballon of Germany'sHateAid, stating they "have led organized efforts to coerce American platforms to punish American viewpoints they oppose".[61] The European Commission responded by saying it "strongly condemns" the sanctions, stating it requested clarifications from the US.[62]
A fresh dispute emerged in January 2026 regarding President Donald Trump‚ proposed plan for a Peace Council. According to internal EU documents obtained by Reuters, the European External Action Service stated that it was extremely concerned about the unusual amount of power that had been given to the head of the council (Trump for life). The EU considered this organizational setup to go against its fundamental constitutional values and its legal autonomy.[63]
Euro-American relations are primarily concerned with trade policy. The EU is a near-fully unifiedtrade bloc and this, together withcompetition policy, are the primary matters of substance currently between the EU and the U.S. The two together represent 60% of global GDP, 33% of world trade in goods and 42% of world trade in services. The growth of the EU's economic power has led to a number of trade conflicts between the two powers, although both are dependent upon the other's economic market. See below for details of trade flows.[64]
| Direction of Trade | Goods | Services | Investment | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU to US | €260 billion | €139.0 billion | €112.6 billion | €511.6 billion |
| US to EU | €127.9 billion | €180 billion | €144.5 billion | €452.4 billion |
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In 2007, aTransatlantic Economic Council was established to direct economic cooperation between the two. It is headed by the U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs and the EU'sCommissioner for Trade. However, it is yet to produce solid results. ATransatlantic Free Trade Area had been proposed in the 1990s and later in 2006 byGerman ChancellorAngela Merkel in reaction to the collapse of theDoha round of trade talks. However, protectionism on both sides may be a barrier to any future agreement.[65][66] Recent developments have seen the proposal of a new agreement called theTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the U.S. and the EU. This agreement has the aim of fostering economic growth through bilateral trade and investments.[67] In August 2019, Trump announced an accord to increase beef exports to the European Union. The U.S. Trade RepresentativeRobert Lighthizer signed agreement with Jani Raappana, representingEU Presidency, and AmbassadorStavros Lambrinidis of the EU delegation.[68]
The U.S. and the EU are key trading partners. See below for the percentage of total trade which each partner comprised for the other in 2017. For example, 18.7% of the United States' total merchandise exports went to the European Union, while 20.1% of the European Union's total merchandise exports went to the United States.[69]
| Trading Partner | Merchandise Exports | Merchandise Imports | Commercial Services Exports | Commercial Services Imports |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of total US trade made up by the EU: | 18.7% | 18.9% | 30.9% | 35.3% |
| % of total EU trade made up by the US: | 20.1% | 14.2% | 27.2% | 30.5% |
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| Sources: EU sources (European commission, DG Trade[70]) build from third sources: IMF (World Economic Outlook, April 2017), EUR/USD exchange rate from Eurostat |
In August 2020, the EU and U.S. agreed, for the first time in two decades, to reduce certain tariffs (on amost favoured nation basis, meaning the tariffs are dropped for all trading partners).[71][72]But in 2025, U.S. President Trump stated his intention to reduce the U.S. trade deficit and achieve 'energy dominance'. He linked the two goals on April 7, 2025, calling on the European Union to buy $350 billion in American energy to eliminate its trade surplus with the United States. The EU faces a 20 percent tariff if it fails to reach a deal with Trump.[73]After the July 2025 agreement between the United States and the European Union, which imposed a 15 percent import tariff on most EU goods, French Prime Minister Francois Bayrou called it a "submission,"[74] while German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said the deal would significantly damage his country's finances.[75]
The U.S. and EU cooperate on the topic of energy and sustainability. The general aim of both parties is to liberalize and enhance sustainability in theglobal energy markets. This cooperation officially started in 2009 when the EU-US Energy Council was founded. This institution regularly meets and addresses topics such as: energy security challenges,climate change,renewable energy,nuclear safety and research.[76][77]
In February 2021,President of the European CommissionUrsula von der Leyen stated that theEuropean Union and United States should join forces in combattingclimate change and agreeing on a new framework for the digital market to limit the power of large tech companies.[78] Both the EU and U.S. have set goals by 2050 to cut its netgreenhouse gas emissions and to become a 'net zero economy' respectively.[78]
In March 2010EADS and its U.S. partner pulled out of a contract to build air refueling planes worth $35 billion. They had previously won the bid but it was rerun and EADS claimed the new process was biased towardsBoeing. TheEuropean Commission said it would be "highly regrettable" if the tendering process did prove to be biased. There was substantial opposition to EADS in Washington due to the ongoing Boeing-Airbus (owned by EADS) dispute.[79][80]
On 26 April 2023,the European Defence Agency (EDA) andthe Department of Defense have formalized a framework for cooperation through the signing of an Administrative Arrangement (AA). The EDA-DoD AA provides for stronger transatlantic cooperation in defense in specific areas, including in the exchange of information.[81]
Summits are held between United States and European Union policy makers. When these take place in Europe, they have historically taken place in the country that holds the rotatingPresidency of the European Union.
| Year | Host country | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 |  Spain | Madrid |
| 1997 |  Netherlands | The Hague |
 United States | Washington, D.C. | |
| 1998 |  United Kingdoma | London |
| 1998 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 1999 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2000 |  Portugal | Queluz |
| 2001 |  Sweden | Gothenburg |
| 2002 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2003 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2004 |  Ireland | Shannon |
| 2005 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2006 |  Austria | Vienna |
| 2007 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2008 |  Slovenia | Ljubljana |
| 2009 |  Czech Republic | Prague (informal summit) |
| United States | Washington, D.C. | |
| 2010 | Spain | Madrid |
| United States | Washington, D.C.[83] | |
| 2011 | United States | Washington, D.C. |
| 2014 |  Belgium | Brussels |
| 2017 | Belgium | Brussels |
| 2021 | Belgium | Brussels |
^a The United Kingdom was a member of the EU at the time the summit took place.
The two companies are the major competing aircraft manufacturers, and bothBoeing andAirbus are accused of receiving forms of subsidy from the United States[84] and from some of the European Union member states respectively. Both sides have criticized each other for doing so.
In December 2020, the United States announced plans to impose additional tariffs on certain products from France and Germany, particularly aircraft parts and wines, in retaliation to tariffs imposed by the European Union.[85]
Genetically modified food is another significant area of disagreement between the two. The EU has been under domestic pressure to restrict the growth and import ofgenetically modified foods until their safety is proven to the satisfaction of the populace.
The Washington Post claimed on November 2, 2005, that the United States was maintaining severalsecret jails (or "black sites") in Eastern Europe. Poland and Romania, however, have denied these allegations. Also,Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) planes carrying terror suspects would have made secret stopovers in several West European countries since 2001.Belgium,Iceland, Spain, and Sweden have launched investigations. On November 30, 2005The Guardian calculated that CIA planes landed approximately 300 times at European airports. Most planes would have landed in Germany and the United Kingdom as a transit point to Eastern Europe, North Africa (possibly Morocco and Egypt), or the Middle East (possibly Syria and Jordan). While the European Commission—on behalf of the European Union—asked the United States for a clarification, the U.S. has refused to confirm or deny the reports.[86][87][88][89][90]
Extraordinary rendition flights through Europe were investigated over a number of years by the European Parliament and it held a temporary committee on the matter. The EU has also opposed the use of theGuantanamo Bay detention camp and offered to host some former inmates when its closure was announced by the administration of U.S. PresidentBarack Obama.
In the United States, capital punishment is a legal form of punishment, whereas all European Union member states have fully abolished it and consider its use to be a violation of fundamental human rights. This occasionally causes problems with EU-US relations, because it is illegal in the European Union to allow theextradition of a citizen to a country where the death penalty is a legal punishment, unless a guarantee is given that such punishment will not be used.
Positions in the United States concerning theInternational Criminal Court vary widely. The Clinton Administration signed theRome Statute in 2000, but did not submit it for Senate ratification. TheBush Administration, the U.S. administration at the time of the ICC's founding, stated that it would not join the ICC. TheObama Administration has subsequently re-established a working relationship with the court.[91]
TheIraq War divided opinions within European nations and within the United States, with some states supporting of military action, and some against. The European public opinion was staunchly opposed to the war. This caused a major transatlantic rift, especially between the states led by France and Germany[92][93] on the one hand, who were against military action, and the United States with United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Poland.[94]
The European Union is one of the main backers of the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to combat global warming. While the United States signed the protocol at its creation during theClinton Administration, itssenate failed to ratify it, a requirement to give the protocol the force of law in the United States. In March 2001, during the presidency ofGeorge W. Bush, the United States removed its signature from the protocol, leading to much acrimony between the United States and European nations. In 2008, PresidentBarack Obama said that he planned on setting annual targets to reduce emissions,[95][96] although this doesn't include the Kyoto Protocol—likely because developing nations are exempt.[97]
In mid-June 2017, Germany andAustria issued a joint statement that said the proposed anti-RussianCountering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act bill heralded a "new and very negative quality in European-American relations" and that certain provisions affectinggas pipeline projects with Russia were an illegal threat to EU energy security.[98][99]
On July 26, 2017, France's foreign ministry described the new U.S. sanctions as illegal under international law due to theirextraterritorial reach.[100]
At the end of July 2017, the proposed law's Russia sanctions caused harsh criticism and threats of retaliatory measures on the part of theEuropean Union PresidentJean-Claude Juncker.[101] Germany's minister for Economics and EnergyBrigitte Zypries described the sanctions as illegal underinternational law and urged the European Union to take appropriate counter-measures.[102]
Secret documents obtained by German news magazineDer Spiegel in 2013 state that European Union offices in the United States and United Nations headquarters have been targeted for spying by theNational Security Agency (NSA), an intelligence office operated by the United States government. The reports revealed that the United States bugged offices, accessed internal computer networks, obtained documents and emails, and listened to phone calls.[103] Subsequent reports from the media further state that domestic European Union offices in Brussels have also been targeted; along with EU offices, embassies of India, Japan, Mexico, South Korea and Turkey are also listed as targets in the documents.[104] On June 30, 2013, the President of the European Parliament,Martin Schulz demanded for a full clarification from Washington and stated that if the allegations were true, EU and U.S. relations would be severely impacted.[103]
While most Americans see China as a rival (52%) or an enemy (38%), Europeans have more mixed attitudes toward China, according to a recent Pew Research Center study. On average, 43% of Europeans see China as "a necessary partner" compared to 24% who see the country as a rival or 11% as an enemy.[105]
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The EU and the U.S. have had a long-running dispute over the EU's banana imports.[106][107] As part of their international aid, the EU offered tenders, on a first-come-first-served basis, for bananas from countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The United States argued that it favored local producers in former colonies of EU member-states over US-owned corporations in Latin America. The Clinton administration responded by imposing heavy tariffs on luxury goods created in the EU.[108] Such goods includedcashmere fromScotland and FrenchCognac brandy, made in the original constituency of then Prime Minister of FranceJean-Pierre Raffarin. TheClinton administration then took the banana wars to theWorld Trade Organization (WTO) in 1999, afterChiquita made a $500,000 donation to theDemocratic Party.[106] The two sides reached an agreement in 2001.[109]
Diplomatic relations are maintained between the U.S. and the EU, as an independent body, as well as all EU member states.
The EU is represented in the U.S. by theDelegation of the European Union to the United States in Washington, D.C. Opened in 1954, it was the first overseas delegation of the EU's forerunner, theEuropean Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).[110] The currentEU ambassador to the United States, since 2024, isJovita Neliupšienė.[111] Additionally, all 27 EU member states have an embassy in Washington, D.C.[112]
The United States' diplomatic mission to the EU is theUnited States Mission to the European Union in Brussels. The current U.S. ambassador to the EU, since 2022, isMark Gitenstein. The United States established a diplomatic mission to the ECSC in 1956 in the city ofLuxembourg and, in 1961, the United States Mission to the European Communities in Brussels.[113] The U.S. has embassies in all 27 EU member states.[114]
TheTransatlantic Economic Council is a bilateral forum for economic cooperation between the EU and U.S. established during the 2007 US-EU Summit. It meets at least once per year and is jointly headed by the U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs and the EU'sCommissioner for Trade.[115]
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The U.S. and the EU each has a distinct approach to diplomacy. The scholar Michael Smith defined the U.S. as a "warrior state". This refers to its diplomatic approach based onsovereignty, state action and the use of military capabilities. On the other hand, the EU displays a diplomacy which is one of a "trading state". This means that EU diplomacy focuses onsoft power, negotiation and trade. The EU diplomatic style reflects the fact that there is not a strong and cohesive foreign policy among its member states.[116] The U.S. and EU diplomatic features are also reflected in their relations with the United Nations. The EU relies more on the permission of the UN in order to use force abroad while the U.S. adopts a position of opposition towards UN authorization for interference.[117]
Poland is urging the EU to start a campaign in the U.S. to enhance transatlantic relations and combat Russian disinformation before the U.S. presidential election. The focus is on showcasing the benefits of EU-U.S. cooperation and correcting false narratives, especially regarding European aid to Ukraine. This move responds to Russian efforts to undermine support for Ukraine.[118]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.As the President of the United States, I will stand up to Countries that attack our incredible American Tech Companies. Digital Taxes, Digital Services Legislation, and Digital Markets Regulations are all designed to harm, or discriminate against, American Technology. They also, outrageously, give a complete pass to China's largest Tech Companies. This must end, and end NOW! With this TRUTH, I put all Countries with Digital Taxes, Legislation, Rules, or Regulations, on notice that unless these discriminatory actions are removed, I, as President of the United States, will impose substantial additional Tariffs on that Country's Exports to the U.S.A., and institute Export restrictions on our Highly Protected Technology and Chips. America, and American Technology Companies, are neither the "piggy bank" nor the "doormat" of the World any longer. Show respect to America and our amazing Tech Companies or, consider the consequences! Thank you for your attention to this matter. DONALD J. TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The tariffs will be removed according to "most-favoured nation rules", which means they will be dropped for all of Europe's trading partners
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