| UNSecurity Council Resolution 2728 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Border between Gaza and Israel (2005) | ||||
| Date | 25 March 2024 | |||
| Meeting no. | 9,586 | |||
| Code | S/RES/2728(2024) (Document) | |||
| Subject | Gaza war,Gaza humanitarian crisis | |||
Voting summary |
| |||
| Result | Adopted | |||
| Security Council composition | ||||
Permanent members | ||||
Non-permanent members | ||||
| ||||
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728, adopted on 25 March 2024, demands an immediate ceasefire in theGaza war during the month ofRamadan leading to a lasting sustainable ceasefire. It also demands the unconditional release of all hostages.[1][2] The resolution received approval from 14 members, while theUnited States abstained from voting.
Resolution 2728 was proposed by the E-10 (the non-permanent members) and followed theveto of a US draft resolution regarding a ceasefire in Gaza by China and Russia on 22 March 2024.[3]
A verbal amendment introduced by Russia reinserting the word "permanent" to qualify the ceasefire in the resolution's first operative paragraph received 3 votes in favour (Algeria, China, Russia), 11 abstentions and 1 against (United States) and therefore failed to pass due to an insufficient number of members voting in favour of the amendment.[4][5]
It was reported that the Prime Minister of Israel stated that he would cancel an Israeli delegation trip to the US if it did not veto the resolution.[6][1]
The Security Council,
Guided by the purposes and principles of theCharter of the United Nations,
Recallingall of its relevant resolutions on the situation in theMiddle East, including thePalestinian question,
Reiteratingits demand that all parties comply with their obligations underinternational law, includinginternational humanitarian law andinternational human rights law, and in this regard deploring all attacks against civilians and civilian objects, as well as all violence and hostilities against civilians, and all acts ofterrorism, and recalling that the taking ofhostages is prohibited under international law,
Expressingdeep concern about the catastrophichumanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip,
Acknowledgingthe ongoing diplomatic efforts byEgypt,Qatar and the United States, aimed at reaching a cessation of hostilities, releasing the hostages and increasing the provision and distribution of humanitarian aid,
- Demandsan immediate ceasefire for the month ofRamadan respected by all parties leading to a lasting sustainableceasefire, and alsodemandsthe immediate and unconditional release ofall hostages, as well as ensuring humanitarian access to address their medical and other humanitarian needs, and further demands that the parties comply with their obligations under international law in relation to all persons they detain;
- Emphasizesthe urgent need to expand the flow of humanitarian assistance to and reinforce the protection of civilians in the entire Gaza Strip and reiterates its demand for the lifting of all barriers to the provision of humanitarian assistance at scale, in line with international humanitarian law as well asresolutions 2712 (2023) and2720 (2023);
- Decidesto remain actively seized of the matter.
| Approved (14) | Abstained (1) | Opposed (0) |
|---|---|---|
Israel: Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu cancelled a delegation trip to the White House to discuss Rafah with a statement released citing "a clear retreat from the consistent US position".[7] They also stated "today’s resolution gives Hamas hope that international pressure will force Israel to accept a ceasefire without the release of our hostages, thus harming both the war effort and the effort to release the hostages."[1] Israel's Minister of National SecurityItamar Ben-Gvir argued that the Security Council resolution "proves that the United Nations is anti-Semitic" and that UN Secretary-General "is anti-Semitic".[8][9][10]Gilad Erdan,Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, called the resolution "shameless".[11]
Palestine: Permanent Observer to the UNRiyad Mansour welcomed the resolution whilst calling for its enforcement.[12]
China: Ambassador to the UNZhang Jun stated, "For the millions of people in Gaza who remain mired in an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe, this resolution, if fully and effectively implemented, could still bring long-awaited hope. Security Council resolutions are binding."[13]
France: Permanent RepresentativeNicolas de Rivière stated, "The Security Council's silence on Gaza was becoming deafening. It is high time now for the council to finally contribute to finding a solution".[14]
Malta: The Ambassador to the UN,Vanessa Frazier, highlighted how this was "the first joint motion [from the non-permanent members] on a geographic situation in the council's history" and that it sent a strong message to world leaders.[15]
Russia: Permanent RepresentativeVasily Nebenzya stated, "We believe it is fundamentally important to vote in favour of peace. The council must continue to work on achieving a permanent ceasefire".[16]
Switzerland: TheFederal Council stated in a press release that the resolution "responds to the most urgent needs on the ground and must be implemented immediately". It also highlighted how the "decision by the Council underlines the weight of the non-permanent members of the Council".[17]
South Korea: At a regular briefing,foreign ministry spokesman Lim Soo-seok said, "We hope that the UNSC resolution will lead to a ceasefire agreement, the release of all hostages and a surge in humanitarian aid." A foreign ministry official said the resolution must be respected and "faithfully implemented as it reflects the consensus of the international community".[18]
United States: Permanent RepresentativeLinda Thomas-Greenfield thanked members for adding some of the US edits, but also stated the lack of condemnation of Hamas meant it could not support the resolution.[19][20] She further demanded of the Security Council to link the release of all hostages to any ceasefire, characterizing the resolution as "non-binding".[5] The US State Department noted that the US abstention did not indicate a change in US policy, and also stated that the US saw the ceasefire resolution as nonbinding.[21]
Australia: Foreign MinisterPenny Wong stated "all parties to the conflict must comply" with the resolution.[22]
Colombia: PresidentGustavo Petro called on the international community to break diplomatic ties with Israel if it did not comply with the resolution.[23]
Iran: The Foreign Ministry spokesman stated, "A more important step than adopting this resolution would be effective action to implement it".[24]
Jordan: Foreign MinisterAyman Safadi stated that the "reaction by the Israeli government reflects the disdain with which it holds international law".[25]
Lebanon: Prime MinisterNajib Mikati called the resolution, "A first step on the path to stopping the Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip".[26]
Qatar: The Foreign Ministry stated, "The ministry stresses the importance of committing to implementing the resolution, especially the ceasefire, and allowing humanitarian aid urgently and without obstacles into the entire Gaza Strip".[27]
South Africa: TheDepartment of International Relations and Cooperation stated, "It is now the responsibility of the United Nations Security Council to ensure that there is compliance with the resolution, which is binding on the parties".[28]
Spain: Prime MinisterPedro Sánchez said it was "imperative that the resolution be implemented and humanitarian aid access be allowed" into Gaza.[29]
Turkey: The Foreign Affairs spokesman stated, "We hope that Israel will comply with the requirements of this resolution without delay".[30]Israel claimed that the rejection of a ceasefire proposal by Hamas was due to the passing of 2728, with Netanyahu stating the Hamas response was a "sad testament to the damage caused by the UN Security Council". The Israeli team at Doha was also recalled. The US rejected the assertions describing them as "inaccurate in almost every respect".[31][32]
Responding to the passing of the resolution,Secretary-GeneralAntónio Guterres expressed his desire for implementation, posting that "failure would be unforgivable".[33] In a statement,Doctors Without Borders said, "Council members must ensure that the ceasefire is put into action immediately and doesn’t end up being merely words on paper."[34] The head ofAmnesty International stated the Resolution must be "implemented immediately".[35] The Israel-Palestine director ofHuman Rights Watch stated, "States should use all forms of leverage – including imposing arms embargo and targeted sanctions on Israel – to press it to comply. The lives of millions of Palestinians hang in the balance."[36] The president of the European CommissionUrsula von der Leyen stated, "Implementation of this resolution is vital for the protection of all civilians".[37]
The day following the passage of the resolution, journalistHind Khoudary reported that the resolution was not honored.[38] Imran Khan, a journalist, wrote, "Israel has a very long history of simply ignoring UN resolutions".[39] On 27 March, James Elder, a spokesperson forUNICEF, stated, "There was so much hope in Gaza after Monday’s call for a ceasefire. That hope, night after night, is being drowned out by bombs".[40]
Benny Gantz, a member of the Israeli war cabinet, stated the resolution had "no operational significance".[41]Robert A. Wood, a U.S. diplomat, stated, "The Israelis saw that resolution, they didn’t like it."[42]Christos Christou, the international president ofDoctors Without Borders, "We haven’t seen any change after this resolution on the ground".[43]
Regarding the second demand in operative paragraph 1 of the resolution, on 27 MarchKhaled Mashaal, the former head of Hamas's politburo, said that the hostages would remain captive until Israel halts hostilities, withdraws its troops, allows displaced civilians to return and ends its blockade of the Gaza Strip.[44]
