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| United Federation of Planets | |
|---|---|
 The flag of the United Federation of Planets | |
| Universe | Star Trek |
| In-universe information | |
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| Type | Federalrepresentativerepublic |
| Founded | 2161 |
| Leader | Federation President |
| Enemies |
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| Capital and Branches |
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| Currency | Federation Credit for external trade and capital transfers, majority of Federation member worlds operate without legal tender or currency |
| Affiliation |
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In thefictional universe ofStar Trek, theUnited Federation of Planets (UFP) is the interstellar government with which, as part of its space forceStarfleet, most of the characters and starships of the franchise are affiliated. Commonly referred to as "the Federation", it was introduced in theoriginalStar Trek television series. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of theStar Trekfranchise's central themes.
The Federation is an organization of numerousplanetary sovereignties, including Earth andVulcan. The franchise focuses on Starfleet, the exploration and defense arm of the Federation, rather than the Federation's government. Viewers are rarely given details of the internal workings of the government; however, many episodes refer to the rules and laws that the Federation imposes on the characters and their adventures.
Early in the first season ofStar Trek, CaptainKirk had said theEnterprise's authority came from the United Earth Space Probe Agency.[1] Bases visited in the series were labeled "Earth Outposts".[2] In August 1966,Gene L. Coon was hired byGene Roddenberry as a writer forStar Trek. ActorWilliam Shatner credits Coon with injecting the concepts ofStarfleet,Starfleet Command and the United Federation of Planets into the show.[3] One of the firstteleplays Coon was credited with was "A Taste of Armageddon", where an ambassador on theEnterprise is referred to as a Federation official.
Eventually, the series became an allegory for the current events of the1960s counterculture,[4] placing great emphasis on an anti-war message and depicting the United Federation of Planets, a vast interstellar alliance founded on the enlightened principles of liberty, equality, justice, progress, and peaceful co-existence, as an idealistic version of theUnited Nations.[5]
The optimistic view of the future present in the Federation has been highlighted as unique among mostscience fiction, showing how "evolved" and "civilized" the future could conceivably be.[6] It has been described, along with the series as a whole, as a vehicle to explore what it means to be human, as well as exploring mankind's efforts to build a better society.[7] Other writers have noted thatStar Trek's Federation has the same logistical and philosophical difficulties of other utopian economic and political schemes that make it seem unrealistic.[8] However, Star Trek has brought up this idea of coerced service labor being necessary for its utopian society in "The Measure of a Man", where Captain Jean-Luc Picard successfully defends Data's right to resign from Starfleet in a trial of his sentience, which extends the right not to work to robots alongside all other sentient beings following the in-universe year 42523.7 (2365 AD).
In 2020,Screen Rant noted theStar Trek: The Next Generation episode "First Contact" for exploring the United Federation of Planets and how it sometimes struggles with contact with aliens.[9]
Like many things inStar Trek, episodes andfilms may reference entities or laws within the Federation, but viewers are never given a broad view of its inner workings. Many contemporary terms are assigned to the Federation, but parallels to current government bodies and their roles and responsibilities are pure speculation on the part of fans and critics.[10]
In thetimeline ofStar Trek, the Federation was founded in 2161,[11] after the events ofStar Trek: Enterprise but before those of the other series in the franchise. Its founding members wereEarth,Vulcan,Andoria, andTellar. Over time it has expanded to include many more worlds through peaceful voluntary association. Some notable ones include Trill, Betazed, and Bolarus IX. References to the size of the Federation vary, withCaptain Kirk stating in 2267 that humanity was on "a thousand planets and spreading out",[12] whileCaptain Picard referred to the Federation (in 2373) as being made up of "over one hundred and fifty" planets, spread across 8,000 light-years.[13] The Federation is a major galactic power, and at various times has been at war with other powers such as theKlingons, theRomulans and theDominion. The Federation'sspace force is calledStarfleet, and, although most ofStar Trek depicts peaceful exploration of the galaxy, Starfleet is also capable of considerable military might.Section 31 is a paramilitary espionage agency, described by writerIra Steven Behr as "...doing the nasty stuff that no one wants to think about.".[14]
The Federation is depicted as a democratic republic, led by aPresident based inParis on Earth.[15] Presidential powers include issuing pardons[16] and declaring states of emergency.[17] This president is supported by acabinet.[18] The Federation also has asupreme court[19] and a legislature, the Federation Council, with delegates from its various member worlds.[20] A constitution and a charter have both been referred to as founding documents of the Federation.
Several planets are shown to desire Federation membership. Joining the Federation is a complicated process, and requires meeting various criteria. Disqualifying criteria includecaste-based discrimination[21] and violations of sentient rights.[22] A single, unified government is not required for admission, but is desirable.[23] Most Starfleet personnel are Federation citizens. Non-citizens can join Starfleet, but the process is more difficult,[24] as with all non-Federation races.
The Federation's counterpart in theMirror Universe is the Terran Empire, a human-dominatedauthoritarian state which has formed an empire by conquest.
In theShort Treks episode "Calypso", taking place at an unknown time in the distant future, the character of Craft refers to the "V'draysh". Little is said about the V'draysh, except that it is at war with Alcor IV, and that the V'draysh people are searching for artifacts from ancient human history. The writer of this episode,Michael Chabon, stated that the name "V'draysh" is intended to be asyncope for the word "Federation".[25]
In the 32nd century setting of the third season ofStar Trek: Discovery, the Federation had undergone a near-total collapse precipitated by "The Burn", a galaxy-wide disaster. This shrunk the Federation from a peak of 350 worlds to just 38, notably excluding both Earth and Ni'Var (formerly known as Vulcan). During the fourth season, the Federation is in the process of rebuilding itself; Starfleet Academy is reopened, new shipbuilding facilities are commissioned, and many former member worlds such as Trill, Ni'Var and Earth rejoin.
In non-canon sources like the original 1975Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual, Johnson'sWorlds of the Federation, androleplaying games, the Federation's five founding members were Earth (or Terra), Vulcan, Tellar, Andor, andAlpha Centauri. Some non-canon works assert that founding member Alpha Centauri is home to a human race (transplanted bythe Preservers from classical third-century BC Greece) known as, variously, Centaurans, Centaurians, or Centauri.
The 1980-to-2188 historical guideStar Trek Spaceflight Chronology posits the Federation as being incorporated at 'the first Babel Interplanetary Conference' in 2087.
In books such as theStar Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual and the novelArticles of the Federation, the Federation's founding document is the Articles of the Federation.
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