| 209th Detachment, 2325th Group | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1 April 1968 – 23 August 1971 |
| Country |  South Korea |
| Branch |  Republic of Korea Air Force |
| Type | Special forces |
| Role | |
| Size | 31 |
| Part of | 20th Special Service Squadron |
| Garrison/HQ | Silmido |
| Nicknames | Unit 684 (Korean:684부대), Silmido Unit |
209th Detachment, 2325th Group (Korean:2325부대 209파견대), commonly known asUnit 684 (684부대),[1] was a special forces unit of theRepublic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) that specialized inblack ops black operations, direct action, irregular warfare, long-range penetration, and special operations that are extremely high-risk and dangerous. It was formed to assassinate North Korean leaderKim Il Sung in 1968,[2] in retaliation for the North's botchedBlue House raid.
The unit consisted of 31 civilian recruits, mostly petty criminals and unemployed youths, and underwent three years of harsh training on the island ofSilmido. The assassination mission was cancelled in 1971 and the unit mutinied, resulting in a firefight inSeoul in which most of the members of the unit were killed. The four survivors were sentenced to death by amilitary tribunal and executed.
The 209th Detachment, 2325th Group was founded on 1 April 1968 by theKorean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), the main intelligence agency ofSouth Korea, on the orders of PresidentPark Chung Hee. According to theMinistry of National Defence the unit, nicknamedUnit 684 after its founding date, was officially a detachment of the ROKAF’s 2325th Group, which recruited 31 civilians, eitherpetty criminals or unemployed youths who were promised money and jobs if they succeeded in their mission.[3]
Unit 684 was formed to retaliate for theBlue House raid, a failed attempt by North Korea'sUnit 124 to assassinate Park Chung Hee, which had occurred two months earlier in late January. Unit 124 was a special forces unit of theKorean People's Army Special Operations Forces (KPASOF) created specifically to assassinate Park Chung Hee in an operation to enter secretly across theDemilitarized Zone and kill him at his presidential residence, theBlue House, inSeoul to trigger political turmoil. However, Unit 124 were detected by the police only 100 metres from the Blue House wearingRepublic of Korea Army (ROKA) uniforms, and 29 of 31 commandos were killed or had committed suicide within a week. Park Chung Hee decided to mirror Unit 124's mission by forming a special mission unit of 31 men to assassinateKim Il Sung, the leader of North Korea.
Unit 684's members were trained onSilmido, a small uninhabited island off the coast ofIncheon in theYellow Sea. Members of Unit 684 endured three years of exceptionally harsh training. In fact, seven of the 31 members of Unit 684 died during training: two were executed for desertion, one was executed for threatening a trainer, one from fatigue during a sea survival exercise, and three others were executed or died after escaping the island and raping a local woman.[4]
| Unit 684 mutiny | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theCold War | |||||||
 Scene of the final confrontation | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| South Korea | Unit 684 | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Park Chung Hee | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 24 guards on Silmido, at least a few dozen soldiers at checkpoint | 24 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 18 guards killed, unknown casualties outside of Silmido[5] | 20 killed 4 captured (later executed) | ||||||
Unit 684's assassination mission was cancelled in August 1971 following an improvement in relations between the two Koreas.
On 23 August 1971, the 24 surviving members of Unit 684mutinied, killed all but six of their guards, and made their way to the mainland, where they hijacked a bus to Seoul. The bus was stopped by the army in theDaebang-dong neighborhood ofDongjak District, Seoul. Twenty members of the unit were shot or committed suicide with hand grenades.
A contemporary news report inThe New York Times stated that 23 members of the unit, described by theDefense Minister Chung Rae-hyuk as "special criminals," had killed 12 Air Force guards on Silmido, escaped the island dressed as paratroopers, landed on a beach near Incheon around 1pm and then hijacked a bus. Hundreds of soldiers and police were mobilized to intercept the bus forcing it to crash into a tree in southwestern Seoul. After a standoff the unit members detonated hand grenades on the bus killing 15 and leaving four wounded. The "invasion" of Seoul had resulted in 34 killed, 30 wounded and seven missing. The Defense Minister declined to explain why non-military personnel had been kept in military custody.[6]
Six guards survived the Silmido uprising. One of the guards, Yang Dong-su, confirmed that the unit's mission had been to infiltrate North Korea and kill Kim Il Sung. Yang stated that most of the unit's members were petty criminals, stating that "They were the kind who would get into street fights a lot." Yang also gave his version of why the uprising occurred: "They revolted because they felt that they were never going to get the chance to go to North Korea and that they would never be allowed to leave the island. They were in despair."[3]
The four survivors of Unit 684 were sentenced to death by amilitary tribunal and executed on 10 March 1972.[3] The South Korean government concealed all information regarding Unit 684 until the 1990s.
Unit 684 came to public attention with the release of the filmSilmido in 2003, but the government only released an official report on the unit and the mutiny in 2006.[7]
In 2009, the families of 21 members of Unit 684 sued the South Korean government for₩670 million in compensation. On 19 May 2010, the Seoul Central District Court ordered that the government pay ₩273 million in compensation to the families. The court found that "the Silmido agents were not informed of the level of danger involved with their training, and the harshness of the training violated their basic human rights" and also acknowledged the emotional pain the government caused by not officially disclosing the deaths of the agents to family members until 2006.[7]
