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| Founded | July 1, 1993; 32 years ago (1993-07-01) |
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| Headquarters | 130 Euston Road, London NW1 2AY |
| Location |
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| Members |  1,438,132 (2024)[2] |
General Secretary | Andrea Egan[3] |
President | Catherine McKenna[4] |
| Affiliations | TUC,STUC,ICTU,ETUC,The European Federation of Public Service Unions,ITUC, (PSI),Labour Party[1] |
| Website | www |
Unison (stylised asUNISON) is the largesttrade union in theUnited Kingdom,[5] with over 1.3 million members who work predominantly in public services, including local government, education, health andoutsourced services.
The union was formed in 1993 when three public sector trade unions, theNational and Local Government Officers Association (NALGO), theNational Union of Public Employees (NUPE) and theConfederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) merged.[6] Since 2021, UNISON's general secretary has beenChristina McAnea. In December 2025,Andrea Egan was elected General Secretary and will take up the post on 21 January 2026. Egan is a member of the union's broad left faction, Time for Real Change.[7][8]
Members of UNISON are typically from industries within thepublic sector and generally cover both full-time and part-time support and administrative staff. The majority of people joining UNISON are workers within sectors such as local government, education, theNational Health Service Registered Nurses, NHS Managers and Clinical Support Workers. The union also admits ancillary staff such as Health Care Assistants and Assistant Practitioners, including Allied Health Professionals. Probation services, police services, utilities (such as gas, electricity and water), and transport.[9] These 'Service Groups' all have their own national and regional democratic structures within UNISON's constitution.[10]
As a trade union, UNISON provides support to members on work related issues, including protection and representation at work, help with pay and conditions of service and legal advice. Each company or organisation will usually be represented by a particular UNISON branch and members within that organisation elect volunteer stewards to represent them. The stewards receive training in workplace issues and are then able to co-ordinate and represent members both on an individual basis and collectively.[11]
Each branch is run by an annually elected committee of members which holds regular meetings, including an annual general meeting for all members to attend. Branches elect delegates to the union's annual National Delegate Conference (held in June every year), the supreme body within the union's constitution with responsibility for setting the union's policies for the forthcoming year.[11]
UNISON own and operate a holiday resort, UNISON Croyde Bay Resort, in North Devon. Members receive a 15% discount as well as have access to a 50% low paid member discount scheme.
To encourage all voices to be heard UNISON has "self organised groups" of Black members,[12] women members, lesbian, gay, bisexual & transgender plus members, and disabled members. Young members and retired members also have their own sections within the union. UNISON also holds conferences for its "self organised groups" which branches elect delegates and visitors to attend.[13]
Membership numbers have remained relatively stable at between 1.2 and 1.4 million over the past 17 years.[14]
| Year | Total reported membership |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1,269,500[15] |
| 2023 | 1,235,250[16] |
| 2022 | 1,210,250[17] |
| 2021 | 1,229,000[18] |
| 2020 | 1,278,971 |
| 2019 | 1,254,971 |
| 2018 | 1,249,471 |
| 2017 | 1,245,723 |
| 2016 | 1,239,750 |
| 2015 | 1,254,250 |
| 2014 | 1,270,248 |
| 2013 | 1,282,500 |
| 2012 | 1,301,500 |
| 2011 | 1,317,500 |
| 2010 | 1,374,500 |
| 2009 | 1,374,500 |
| 2008 | 1,362,000 |
| 2007 | 1,344,000 |
| 2006 | 1,343,000 |
| 2005 | 1,317,000 |
| 2004 | 1,310,000 |
| 2003 | 1,301,000 |
The levels of subscription are determined by the National Delegate Conference and are recorded as a Schedule in the union rules. The National Delegate Conference has the power to vary the subscriptions levied after a majority vote, although the subscription rates do not change frequently.
Local branches may also, after a majority vote of members, impose an additional 'Local Levy' as long as the levy does not exceed one sixth of the subscription payable. This is in addition to the standard rate, and must be used for local branch purposes.
Membership fees vary depending on how frequently members are paid and the level of their current salary. Subscriptions are generally paid by what is commonly known as "check-off" or DOCAS (Deduction of Contributions at Source). This is where the employer deducts the contribution from the employee's salary on behalf of the union. Payment is taken by Direct Debit if the member joins online, if the member specifically requests it, or if there is no DOCAS arrangement with the employer.
Student members in full-time education (including student nurses or Modern Apprentices) have a fixed rate subscription of £10 per year.
Members who have had continuous membership for at least two years may opt to pay a one-off fee of £15 upon retirement from paid employment. This allows them to retain the benefits of being a union member for life. They are then classed as 'Retired Members'.
Members who are dismissed or made redundant from employment may retain their membership for £4 per year for a period of up to two years whilst they remain unemployed.
Various local campaigns are run by the union. Much of the recruitment within organisations takes place at a local level, with stewards and branches directly engaging with the staff within their remit.
The national organisation also engages in publicity[19] such as the "Ants and Bear", which was used at the formation of the new amalgamated union. This advertising campaign showed an ant trying to get past a large bear by shouting "Excuse Me", however the bear did not pay attention. The next scene showed the ant being joined by many thousands more, and them all saying "Get out of the way!" together, which does get the bear's attention and makes him move out of the way.[20]
The General Political Fund funded a TV recruitment advert "You're one in a million", launched in October 2004.
UNISON has a political fund which uses money from members for political and social campaigning. Members have the choice of paying into either a fund which supports theLabour Party, a non-affiliated General Political Fund or to opt out of contributing to a political fund at all.[21] UNISON also carries out research and campaigns on public service issues, such as thePrivate Finance Initiative (PFI).[22][23] It has also voted (at its 2005 annual conference) to oppose the Government's proposals for aBritish national identity card.
Every UNISON region (except Northern Ireland) has a Labour Link Officer who works with the regional Labour Link committees. They are also the first point of contact for UNISON's involvement in Labour Party activities in each region.[24]
The union's links to Labour and its moderate policies has caused some conflict and criticism of action taken against left-wing activists.[25]
In April 2009, a UNISON conference voted unanimously to request that the British Department of Health ban members of theBritish National Party from working as nurses in the National Health Service, describing the party as racist.[26]
UNISON runs a range of national campaigns, such as 'Positively Public', the campaign to keep public services public and well-funded. Campaigns cover a broad area from pay and pensions to sector-specific initiatives focusing on a variety of issues from cleaner hospitals to opposing the sell-off of public housing.
They are affiliated to theAbortion Rights organisation, which campaigns "to defend and extend women's rights and access to safe, legal abortion".[27]
Unison ran a campaign to "end the two tier workforce", affecting staff employed by government contractors, with a motion carried at its 2004 National Delegate Conference.[28] A two-tier workforce arises when employees are transferred from thepublic sector (e.g. alocal authority or the NHS) to a private sector organisation onprotected rates of pay and working conditions whereas new employees are appointed on lower rates of pay and poorer working conditions, leading to two tiers of pay and conditions.[29] The union's strategy was to:
There have also been high-profile regional and local campaigns, such as that against the controversial and unpopular[32] 'SouthWest One'private/public partnership.[33]
The General Political Fund has also funded:
In the run-up to several general or local elections, the fund has been used foradvertising campaigns to ensure that issues of importance to UNISON are high on the agenda. Its 2010 campaign was entitled "Million Voices for Public Services".[34]
The GPF is not affiliated to any political party, but the money in the fund is used to support local campaigns and to pay forpolitical advertising.
In February 2013, UNISON was among other organizations and individuals who gave their support to thePeople's Assembly in a letter published byThe Guardian newspaper.[35] UNISON Delegates and representatives attended the People's Assembly Conference held atWestminster Central Hall on 22 June 2013.[36]
In August 2016 UNISON endorsedJeremy Corbyn once again.[37]
In the 2020Labour leadership anddeputy leadership elections, UNISON endorsedKeir Starmer for leader andAngela Rayner for deputy.[38][39]
Dave Prentis was re-elected in an election with 49.4% of the vote[40] with a 9.8% turnout of members.[41]
General Secretary Dave Prentis stood down in December 2020, having held the post since 1 January 2001.[42] Four candidates received enough nominations to be on the ballot: Paul Holmes,Christina McAnea, Roger McKenzie and Hugo Pierre.[43] Peter Sharma and Margaret Greer stood and did not get onto the ballot,[44][41] Voting for the General Secretary election took place from 18 October to 27 November, with the results announced on 11 January 2021.[45]
Holmes was endorsed by UNISON'sleft-wing faction "UNISON Action Broad Left" and was employed byKirklees Council. During the campaign he was suspended from his role and investigated for reasons deemed "serious and confidential" by the council.[46][47] McAnea was an Assistant General Secretary for UNISON and previously the head of its NHS division.[48] She was considered "closely aligned" to Prentis and his leadership.[44][41]458 of 834 branches participated in nominating candidates for the election, higher than the 2015 General Secretary election which saw 373 participate.[49]
Christina McAnea was elected with 47.7% of the total votes cast.[50]Of the 1,278,971 UNISON members at the time of election 134,082 votes were cast, a turnout of 10.5%.[51]
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christina McAnea | 63,900 | 47.7% | |
| Paul Holmes | 45,220 | 33.76% | |
| Roger McKenzie | 14,450 | 10.79% | |
| Hugo Pierre | 10,382 | 7,75% | |
On 11 June 2021 the National Executive Committee (NEC) elections took place.[52] A slate represented the left-wing of the union 'Time For Real Change' stood and won 40 of the 68 seats.[53] Paul Holmes was selected as union president by the new NEC.[54] In November 2021, the Labour Link Committee was elected. The left-wing 'Time For Real Change' slate won a slim majority on the committee, with 6 of the 11 seats.[55][56]
In 2022, the 11 Service Executive Committees were elected.[57]
In February 2022, the new union president, Paul Holmes, was dismissed as an employee ofKirklees Council after a disciplinary action of over two years. A campaign alleging he had been the victim of anti-union discrimination began.[58][59] Details of the council investigation had been leaked to the media in December 2021.[60]
For UNISON's 2025 general secretary election two candidates received enough nominations to make it onto the ballot. These were the incumbent Christina McAnea and Andrea Egan, asocial worker and UNISON Branch Secretary fromBolton. Egan received the backing of UNISON's left-wing group 'Time for Real Change' as well as UNISON members in theSocialist Party. This would be the first time in UNISON's history that only two candidates would go head-to-head for the position.[61]
The election took place after the success of the Labour Party in the2024 United Kingdom general election. The union's relationship with Labour was a major aspect of the contest as UNISON was the second biggest donor to Labour during the election period with donations totalling over £1.4 million.[62] Of the 11 trade unions affiliated to Labour, UNISON had also traditionally been regarded as a reliable ally of the party.[61] McAnea was seen as close to Labour and their leaderKeir Starmer albeit showing frustration with their record in government while Egan went much further in her attacks on Labour's record given the amount of donations UNISON had paid to them.[62]
Voting opened on 28 October 2025 and closed on 25 November 2025 with results announced on 17 December 2025.[63]
Andrea Egan was elected with 59.82% of the total votes cast[64] and became the first lay member of UNISON to be elected to the position.[65] Egan will begin her five-year term as general secretary on January 22 2026.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andrea Egan | 58,579 | 59.82% | |
| Christina McAnea | 39,353 | 40.18% | |
We are delighted to have the support of ... UNISON
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