This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The uniforms ofLa Grande Armée, the army ofNapoleon I, are described in this article.

From 1793, the uniforms of thedemi-brigade of the line infantry wore the blue "National Uniform" that was to be worn by all soldiers. However, for a long time, line infantry were a mix of the new blue coats worn by theNational Guard and the white uniforms of seasoned veterans from the old Royal army. The blue dress was named the "National Uniform" and was worn by all line infantry by 1796. While headgear and details in cut changed, the uniform remained almost completely the same from the beginning of theFrench Revolution.

The uniform was made of a blue coat, red piped white collar and cuffs, white piped red lapels, blue piped red cuff flaps and shoulder straps, white turnbacks piped red, and brass buttons. Only the brass buttons had the units' identification numbers stamped on them. The lapels were fastened at the upper chest but sloped away below. The hat, a black feltbicorne, was the standard infantry headdress at some of Napoleon's greatest battles. In 1807, the hat was replaced by theshako,(in practice) which was made of black felt, chevron on the side and visor, a brassdiamond shaped plate stamped with the Imperialeagle over the unit number. though a few had shakos as early as 1806,and they weren't mostly worn until 1808 as decrees weren't immediate action in reality of course in 1805 white uniforms were introduced to solve the problem of visibility on the field. By introducing color-specific facings to regiments, they were in fact more practical than the blue ones! with 30 units receiving them, realistically over 70 regiments had them as well . by late 1808 quite a few regiments had them; they were stopped being used by 1809Notable regiments that had them13eme de ligne 3eme de ligne Green facings piped green25eme de ligne 110eme de ligne Light blue facings piped light blue53eme de ligne light pink facings piped pink33eme de ligne Purple facings piped the same colour 28eme de ligne orange facings piped orange17eme de ligne red facings piped red^[1]

Some units added pompons to the shako as well as plumes. Many units had pompoms with a houpette and the center generally colored white with the batalion number printed in black or red. The diamond shaped plate with the regimental Number was most common, but some units had the shape of an eagle or a sun-burst plate.

In 1812, the cut of the coat was changed into acoatee that included short tails, a blue crowned N on the turnbacks, and the lapels fastened down to the waist and cut square. The waistcoat was made higher and was cut square too and was therefore not visible. The black gaiters came up to below the knees. The plate on the shako was now a crowned eagle over a semicircle with the regimental number inscribed on it.Though in reality this new style of uniform was only issued in 1814 to regiments like the 135eme de ligne in Germany.

Infantrymen carried the 1777Charleville musket that had abayonet with a 406 mm (16 inch) blade. The black leather M. 1801cartridge box held 35 rounds of ammunition and was carried by a white buffshoulder belt; that forfusiliers had afrog for the bayonet. The cartridge box flap generally had a white linen cover and the forage cap (Bonnet de Police) was rolled under the box with red tassel hanging out. The M. 1801 knapsack was made of cow hide with two straps (later three straps) to hold the rolled greatcoat on the top.

TheGrenadiers' uniform was nearly identical to that of the fusiliers, apart from the redepaulettes andgrenades worn on the turnbacks. They wore a Shako with a red pompom and plume. The epaulettes broadened their shoulders. Moustaches were also mandatory. There were several variations that included a blue and red quartered back, white cords, and a peak. This variation's headdress was a bicorne with a red pompom.

Voltigeurs wore a yellow-buff collar, green epaulettes with a yellow crescent, and yellow-buffbugle horns on the turnbacks. From 1804, they wore shakos, but some had bicorne hats with green pompoms and a yellow brush. By 1807, all Voltigeurs had a shako with was plain black and yellow pompom and plume but by Austerlitz, no Voltigeur company had Chamois collar nor epaulettes.Regiments looking the same as the fusiliers aside from a green or yellow pompom. by 1808 the war ministry decreed that Voltigeurs lose there elite status which meant they lost there epaulettes chamois collars briquets & plumes permanently. SappersThose who had sappers (which was very few) usually had them in the shako it was more or less the same as the grenadiers aside from the Apron and Gloves (They were never worn on campaign)ChasseursBy

Officers wore the same uniform as their men but it was of better quality. Their brass buttons weregilt, they had epaulettes according to their rank, and, on duty, they had a giltgorget with a silver badge, generally a crowned eagle. Their turnback ornaments were identical to those of other ranks but in gold, while the battalion staff had grenades. Instead of gaiters, they wore black boots. Officers' bicornes had gold cockade loops and sometimes gold tassels at the end. Bearskin caps had gold cords, and a plate and cross on the back patch. Shakos had gilt plates and chin scales, gold bands and sometimes chevrons. Plumes and pompons were colored in the company's color or white if on regimental staff. Drummers had basically the same uniform as their company with tricolor, yellow, or orange lace edgings, red wings edged with lace, and abass drum with medium blue hoops and white belts.

The corps ofCarabiniers was a group of heavy cavalry originally created byLouis XIV. From 1791 to 1809, their uniforms consisted of a blue coat with a blue piped red collar, red cuffs, lapels and turnbacks with white grenades, red epaulettes with edged white straps, red cuff flaps for the 1st Regiment, blue piped red for the 2nd;pewter buttons, a white waistcoat, buff breeches, high boots, a black bearskin cap, white cords, a red patch with a white cross, a red plume, metal white chin scales from 1809, yellow-buff edged white belts, white gauntlet gloves, blue cloaks, and white sheepskin edged red. They wore white long gaiters for service on foot and blue overalls for undress. Carabiniers were armed with adragoon musket with a bayonet and sword. The regiments rode black horses while trumpeters rode greys.

Trumpeters wore reversed colors, a red coat with a red collar, silver cuffs edged blue, lapels and turnbacks, silver and blue epaulettes, as well as other items described above.

In 1809, their uniforms were completely modified and saw the introduction of helmets and cuirasses. They wore an all-white uniform with light bluefacings and red épaulettes. They wore a brass cuirass and a brass helmet with a red woolen crest namedchenille (caterpillar, in French), a sealskin turban, black leather visor and brass chin scales.

TheCuirassier's uniform consisted of a blue coat with long tails until 1804, when all Cuirassier regiments began to wearcuirasses and helmets. The helmet was made of polished steel with brass comb, a black mane, a black cow-hideturban, black visor edged with brass, a red plume in a small brass socket on the left side, and brass chin scales. Senior officers had white plumes and gilded brass. The cuirass had front and back plates made of polished steel and had leather straps with brass scales, brass studs and fittings and the cuirass lining was edged with white in all regiments. Cuirassiers were armed with a straight-bladed cavalry sword,carbine and apistol from 1806.

The uniform of the trumpeters from 1804 consisted of a helmet with a red or white mane, a blue single-breasted coatee with cuffs and a collar edged with silver or white lace, and white lace at buttonholes on the front. Before 1810, the trumpeters of the 1st and 4th trumpeters had a white helmet mane, a red plume, a red coatee, red collar and cuffs edged silver, white turnbacks with red grenades, seven laces on the chests, and red epaulettes. The 6th regiment in circa 1810–1812 wore a white helmet mane and red plume, a blue coatee with orange edged silver cuffs and collar, red epaulettes with a white crescent, and orange laces on the chest. The 7th regiment wore a yellow coatee and the 8th regiment wore an orange one. The 13th regiment, in 1812, wore a white helmet mane, awine red coatee with five white laces in front. They did not wear the cuirass and were mounted on white and gray horses.

The uniform of theDragoon consisted of a green coat with turnbacks and lapels of the regimental facing color, and the collar, cuffs, cuff flaps, and piping edging the facings either of the facings color or green depending on the regiment, green shoulder straps piped with the facing color, yet many regiments wore white epaulettes instead, turnbacks with green grenades, pewter buttons, a white waistcoat and breeches, black long boots, a brass helmet with a brass crest, a black helmet mane, a sealskin turban, black leather visor, the plume varied (see below), brass chin scales, a bearskin cap with a red plume, red and white cords, a red back panel with a white cross, red epaulettes for elite companies, a greensurtout and green stable jacket, a green forage cap piped the facing color, white lace and grenade, white duck trousers, grey overalls with buttons on the side, white gauntlet gloves, an off-white cloak, and green housing edged white with white number. Sappers wore bearskin caps with red cords, plumes, and a back panel with a white cross, red epaulettes, red crossed axes on the upper sleeves, and a white or buff apron.

From February 1812, the coatee remained the same colour while plumes were no longer issued for helmets. Instead, pompoms coloured red, sky blue, orange, and violet were issued for the first company of each squadron. These same colors were used for the white centre of the second companies. They were armed with a Dragoon musket with a bayonet and a sword.

Officers wore silver buttons and lace, gilded brass on their helmets, a turban ofleopard fur (usually an imitation) that often went over the visor, and white plumes for the senior officers.

Trumpeters wore reversed colors, facing sometimes edged with white lace, a coat often single-breasted with white buttonholes in front, no cuff flaps, white epaulettes, and a white of red mane on the helmet. The same dress was used for the Foot Dragoons but with brass drums with blue hoops instead of trumpets. They rode white and grey horses.

The uniform of the light cavalry (or Chevaux-légers) of the line consisted of a green coat with turnbacks and lapels of the regimental facing color, which could be crimson, red, blue, pink or yellow. The collar and cuffs were of the facings color, the green shoulder straps and the breeches were piped with the facing color. The uniform comprised pewter buttons, black boots, a brass helmet with a brass crest supporting a woolen crest namedchenille (caterpillar, in French), a sealskin turban, black leather visor, brass chin scales and red epaulettes for elite companies.

The uniform of the Napoleonic hussars included thepelisse: a short fur edged jacket which was often worn slung over one shoulder in the style of a cape, and was fastened with a cord. This garment was extensively adorned with braiding (often gold or silver for officers) and several rows of multiple buttons. Under it was worn thedolman ortunic which was also decorated in braid. On active service the hussar normally wore reinforced breeches which had leather on the inside of the leg to prevent them from wearing due to the extensive riding in the saddle. On the outside of such breeches, running up the outside was a row of buttons, and sometimes a stripe in a different colour. Ashako or furbusby was worn as headwear. The colours of dolman, pelisse and breeches varied greatly by regiment, even within the same army. The French hussar of the Napoleonic period was armed with a brass hiltedsabre and sometimes with a brace of pistols, although these were often unavailable.^{[citation needed]}

Horse chasseurs colour scheme:

The uniform of the Foot artillery gunners of the line was made of a blue coat, red cuffs, red lapels, blue piped red cuff flaps, red épaulettes and brass buttons. Their breeches were blue with black (winter) or white (summer) gaiters. They wore a shako with a red plume.

The uniform of the Horse artillery of the line was made of a hussar-style blue coat with red braids, red cuffs and brass buttons. They wore blue piped red hussar-style breeches, black hussar boots and a black shako with red cords and plume. Troopers of the Horse Artillery could wear a simplified version that was very similar to that of the Foot.

The uniform of the soldiers of thetrain was made of a light blue-grey coat and buff breeches. The facings were dark blue for the artillery train or brown for the baggage train. Soldiers of the train wore a shako with a light blue-grey or red plume (orpompons). Their buttons and other metallic elements were silver.

The uniform of the Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard was very similar to that of the Grenadier of the line : Both were made of a blue coat, red piped white cuffs, white piped red lapels, blue piped red cuff flaps, red epaulettes and brass buttons. The most notable difference was the headgear : Grenadiers of the Guard wore a tall bearskin cap with a brass plate stamped with the Imperial eagle, with white cords and red plume, and a red patch with a golden grenade on the top of the bearskin. Other differences include the blue collar of the Guard Grenadiers (instead of red pipped white collar for Line grenadiers) and longer red turnbacks with gold grenades (instead of white turnbacks piped red with red grenades).

Napoleon usually wore the non-Hussar/old style uniform of a colonel of this regiment on Sundays.

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2010)

The uniform was that of the Grenadiers of the Old Guard, differences being a plate less bearskin, a red-over-green plume. The epaulettes had green pads with red fringes. The embroideries on the turn-backs were a combination of a bugle and a grenade to signify Chasseurs of the Old Guard. The cuffs were of light infantry design.

The uniform of the Fusiliers-Chasseurs was that of the Chasseurs à pied of the Old Guard. The only change was the headgear, black shako with the imperial eagle, white cords and brass chin straps. With tricolor cockade atop and red-over-green plume.

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2010)

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2010)

Raised from sailors of the French navy who had distinguished themselves, the battalion ofMarins wore a distinctive, elaborate uniform resembling that of thehussars. Their officers bore titles of rank derived from their seagoing compatriots, and the overall commander of the marines bore the rank ofcapitaine de vaisseau. Their duties including manning boats and other watercraft used by the Emperor. The Marines of the Imperial Guard wore blue vest and trousers pipedaurore (orange-gold). They had aurore hussar-style braids on their tunic, gold epaulettes and red cuffs. Their shako was black pipedaurore with a red plume.

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2010)

The Dragoon Guards wore green coats with white lapels and red turnbacks. They also woreaurore (light orange)aiguillettes andepaulettes. They wore brass helmets with a long black mane, a simulatedleopard furturban and a red plume (white plume for the highest officers). They rode chestnut horses.

The trumpeters wore a light blue tunic with white lapels and crimson turnbacks and collar. The mane on their helmets was white and the plume was light blue. They wore grey horses. They also had a white uniform for parade, consisting of a white coat with light blue lapels and collar lined with gold.

The uniform of the Horse chasseurs of the Guards was very similar to the hussar uniform, comprisingpelisse andBusby, but the unvariating color of thedolman and breeches was green with a collar piped of gold. Their pelisses and cuffs were red pipped with gold. Theplume of their busby was red-over-green.

It was the Chasseurs that usually provided personal escort to Napoleon, and he habitually wore the non-Hussar uniform of a colonel of their regiment in recognition of this service.

Here is the color scheme of their coats:

For parade, the Polish Lancers' uniform consisted of dark bluekurtkas, amaranth lapels and facings. They wore a singularepaulette and a whiteaiguillette was adorned across their shoulders. Their headgear was the iconicCzapka which was mainly amaranth with white cords and a white plume. The Sun-Burst Plate bore an "N" for Napoleon. Before 1812, the musicians wore crimson coats, white facings and lapels and a mainly white czapka. Afterwards, they wore a mostly white coat with crimson lapels and facings.^[2]

The Mamelukes wore the following uniforms:

Before 1804: The only "uniform" part was the greencahouk (hat), white turban, and redsaroual (baggy trousers),^[3] all to be worn with a loose shirt and a vest.^[4] Boots were of yellow, red, or tan soft leather. Weapons consisted of an "Oriental"scimitar, a brace of pistols in a holder decorated with abrass crescent and star, and a dagger.

After 1804: Thecahouk became red with a brass crescent and star, and the shirt was closed and had a collar. The main change was the addition of a "regulation" chasseur-style saddle cloth and roll, imperial green in color, piped red, with a red and white fringe. The saddle and harness remained Arabic in style. The undress uniform was as for theChasseurs-à-Cheval of the Guard, but of a dark blue cloth.

The Gendarmes d'élite wore a blue coat with red lapels, cuffs and turnbacks. The collar and cuff flaps were red piped blue. They worebuff breeches, waistcoat and gloves. They had whiteaiguillettes and clover-shapedepaulettes. They wore a tall bearskin cap with a visor, topped by a red round cloth patch nicknamedcul-de-singe ("monkey bottom") with a whitegrenade embroidered on it. They rode black horses.

The trumpeter wore the same uniform bu with reversed colours. They rode grey horses.

In 1815, crested helmets with black manes (red for trumpeters) were introduced but not completed, so the Gendarmes d'élite fought their last campaign with mixed headgears.

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(February 2025)

Grande Armée rank	Modern U.S./U.K./NATO equivalent	Line Insignia Left/Right Shoulder[5]	Hussar Insignia* **[6]
High officers
Marshal of the Empire (not a rank, honorary title)	Field marshal
Colonel-Général, (not a rank, an appointment)	Commander of the military branch
Général en Chef (rank was abolished in 1812)	General
Général de division, Lieutenant général (ancien régime rank reintroduced in 1814)	Lieutenant general
Général de brigade, Maréchal de camp (ancien régime rank reintroduced in 1814)	Major General
Général Chef d'état Major (not a rank, an appointment), Major-Général dans la Garde (Imperial Guard only)	Brigadier General
Général Aide de Camps (not a rank, an appointment)
Adjudant-commandant (not a rank, an appointment)	Brigadier
Senior officers
Colonel	Colonel
Colonel en second	Senior lieutenant colonel
Major	Lieutenant Colonel
Major en second	Senior Major
Chef de bataillon orChef d'escadron[7]	Major
Junior officers
Capitaine adjutant-major	Staff Captain
Capitaine	Captain
Lieutenant	First Lieutenant	Cavalry:
Sous-lieutenant	Second Lieutenant	Cavalry:
Non-commissioned officers
Adjudant sous-officier	Warrant Officer
Sergent-Major orMaréchal des logis Chef[7]	First sergeant
Sergent orMaréchal des Logis[7]	Sergeant	or
Caporal-Fourrier orBrigadier-Fourrier[7]	Company clerk/supply Corporal	or or
Caporal orBrigadier (Cavalry, Horse Artillery and Gendarmerie)[7]	Corporal	or
Soldat orCavalier(Cavalry) orCanonnier(Artillery)	Private or UK equivalent

• Hussar insignia was represented with elaborate curved embroidered chevrons in gold lace on the lower sleeve of the wearer's coat andpelisse extending from the cuff to the elbow of the wearer. Officer's chevrons had the point facing up. Warrant officers and NCOs were the same, but less elaborate.
  • The Hussar system later became theinsignia of French officers from the rank of Colonel to below.

High-ranking officers wore customized uniforms with various embellishments in embroideries.

The field officers generally wore agorget andepaulettes which could be in silver or gold, depending on the corps but according to the buttons. They also wore aplume or apompon of different colours on their headgear.

Colonel: two epaulettes with thick fringes + white plume

Colonel en second: two epaulettes with thick fringes and a red stripe in the middle + white plume

Major: two epaulettes with thick fringes and silver shoulder straps (or in gold if the buttons were silver) + red and white plume

Major en second: two epaulettes with thick fringes and silver shoulder straps (or in gold if the buttons were silver) and a red stripe in the middle + red and white plume

Chef de Bataillon (infantry) or Chef de Brigade (cavalry) : the left epaulette with thick fringes and the right epaulette without fringes + red plume

Capitaine-adjudant-major: the right epaulette with thin fringes and the left epaulette without fringes + white pompon

Capitaine: the left epaulette with thin fringes and the right epaulette without fringes + pompon of the company colour

Lieutenant: the left epaulette with thin fringes and the right epaulette without fringes + one red stripe along each stap + pompon of the company colour

Sous-lieutenant: the left epaulette with thin fringes and the right epaulette without fringes + two red stripes along each strap + pompon of the company colour

The NCO wore coloured stripes on both lower sleeves if the cuffs were horizontal, or chevrons if the cuffs were pointy. Except for the adjudant, the NCO did not wear epaulettes, except if they were part of an élite régiment.

Adjudant: the left epaulette with thin fringes and the right epaulette without fringes + red shoulder straps with two gold (or silver) stripes along each strap

Sergent-major (infantry) or Maréchal des logis (cavalry): two gold (or silver) stripes (or chevrons)

Sergent (infantry) or Maréchal des logis (cavalry): one gold (or silver) stripe (or chevron)

Caporal-fourrier (infantry) or brigadier-fourrier (cavalry): two yellow stripes (or chevrons) + one gold (or siler) stripe on the upper left sleeve

Caporal (infantry) or brigadier (cavalry): two yellow stripes (or chevrons)

Soldat (infantry) or cavalier (cavalry): No insignia

TheGalons d'ancienneté ("Veteran's Braid") were long service awards in the form of cloth braidchevrons (nicknamedBrisques', or "Breaks") worn on the upper left sleeve to indicate seniority. Veteran troops that had earned them were nicknamedBriscards ("One Who Has Breaks").

1 Chevron = 10–15 Years service.

2 Chevrons = 15–20 Years service.

3 Chevrons = 20–25 Years of service.

Some soldiers in the Guard were awarded a fourth chevron (more than 30 years of service), but they were very few.

Some soldiers wore speciality insignia such as horseshoes forfarriers or two crossed axes forsappers

InAncien Régime France, drummers and trumpeters wore the royallivery which consisted of a blue coat with red and white stripes. When France became a republic, musicians wore various types of uniforms to distinguish them from other soldiers depending on each colonel's imagination. The most common way to distinguish them was to reverse the colours of the uniform (if the standard uniform consisted of a green coat and yellowfacings, the musician's uniform would be a yellow coat and green facings). From 1812 onwards, Napoleon introduced the Imperial livery which consisted of a green coat with yellow stripes bearing alternatively the letter "N" (for Napoleon) and theImperial eagle.

• 
  Example of a musician with reverse colours
• 
  Musicians of the Imperial Guard
• 
  A pre-1812 drummer andDrum major
• 
  Drum majors, with ceremonial maces (light infantry, in Imperial livery)
• 
  Cuirassier trumpeters in Imperial livery

• Chartrand, René (1996) [2000].Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon's Army. Brassey's
• French, Prussian and Anglo-allies uniforms during the Battle of Waterloo:Mont-Saint-Jean (FR)
• Rousselot, Lucien. Napoleon's Army 1790–1815. Casemate, 2010.
• Bucquoy, E. L.Les Uniformes de Premier Empire. (Complete 10 Volume set). Paris: Grancher, 1977–1985. Vol. 1. La Garde Imperiale, Troupes a Pied. (Tome I); Vol. 2. La Garde Imperiale, Troupes a Cheval. (Tome II); Vol. 3. Les Cuirassiers; Vol. 4. L'Infanterie; Vol. 5. La Cavalerie Legere; Vol. 6. Dragons et Guides; Vol. 7. Etat-major et Service de Sante; Vol. 8. Gardes d'Honneur et Troupes Etrangeres; Vol. 9. La Maison de l'Empereur; Vol. 10. Fanfares et Musiques des troupes a Cheval 1640–1940. (Color illustrations of uniforms by Benigni, Boisselier, Feirst, Giffard, Hilpert, Huen, Job, Lapeyre, Laroux, Rene Louis, Rousseltot, Toussaint.)
• Haythornthwaite, Philip & Cassin-Scott.Uniforms of the Napoleonic Wars in Colour 1796 – 1814. Blandford, 1973.
• Haythornthwaite, Philip & Chappell, Michael.Uniforms of 1812: Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow. Blandford, 1982.
• Haythornthwaite, Philip.Uniforms of Waterloo in Color, 16–18 June 1815. Blandford, 1974.
• Elting, John; Knotel, Herbert (illus.).Napoleonic Uniforms. Volumes I, II, III & IV. Macmillan, 1993 & Emperor's Press, 2000.
• Bourgeot, Vincent & Pigeard, Alain.Encyclopedie des Uniformes Napoleoniens 1800–1815. Quatuor, 2003.
• Charmy.Splendeur des Uniformes de Napoleon: La Garde Imperiale a Cheval. Charles Herissey, 2003.
• Charmy.Splendeur des Uniformes de Napoleon: Infanterie Regiments Etrangers. Charles Herissey, 2004.
• Boisselier, Henry & Martin, Yves.La Garde Imperiale et ses Uniformes. Le Livre chez vous, 2008. (623p. Color uniform plates by Boisselier. Based on the Anne S. K. Brown uniform print collection at Brown University. Very Oversize.)

• French military uniforms
• La Grande Armée

• CS1 errors: external links
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2013
• All articles lacking in-text citations
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021
• Articles to be expanded from November 2010
• All articles to be expanded
• Articles containing Arabic-language text
• Articles to be expanded from February 2025