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TheUnderground Astronauts is the name given to a group of six scientists,Hannah Morris,Marina Elliott,Becca Peixotto,Alia Gurtov, K. Lindsay (then Eaves) Hunter,[1] andElen Feuerriegel, who excavated the bones ofHomo naledi from theDinaledi Chamber of theRising Star cave system in Gauteng, South Africa.[2][3][4][5][6] The six women were selected by the expedition leader,Lee Rogers Berger,[7][8] who posted a message onFacebook asking for scientists with experience in paleontological excavations and caving, and were slender enough for cramped spaces.[6] Within ten days of the post, Berger had received almost sixty applicants and chose six scientists to make up his expedition team.[9]
In November 2013, theNational Geographic Society and theUniversity of the Witwatersrand funded an expedition called theRising Star Expedition for a twenty-one day excavation at the Rising Star cave system in Gauteng,[10] followed by a second expedition in March 2014 for a 4-week excavation in theDinaledi Chamber. The first expedition retrieved 1,550 pieces of bone belonging to at least fifteen individuals, found within 1 m2 ofclay-rich sediments.[11][5] Out of thefossil assemblage found, only twenty bones in the human anatomy were not found in the assortment.[5]
The six scientists had to pass through three points of difficult terrain in the cave to reach the bone chamber. The first is referred to as "Superman's Crawl," which required one arm held forward to pass, similar toSuperman's flight. They then had to climb vertically up a rock surface, known as the "Dragon's back," and finally pass through a slender opening[5][12] and descend 30 meters into the Dinaledi chamber.[5][9][13] Because of the difficulty of the expedition and their exploration of the Dinaledi Chamber, the six women were given the name "the Underground Astronauts."[14]
Berger's methods in selecting his research team were criticized by some contemporaries. Because of how he called for applicants via social media to investigate newhominin remains, some experts questioned the legitimacy and professionalism of the expedition.[13] He used a similar process when it came time to analyze the recovered remains, once again sending out a call online for those interested in analyzing the remains, specifically looking for early career applicants.[13] Berger was given the nickname "Mr. Paleodemocracy" because of his methods.[13] Some experts began to view the expedition as a media stunt, as the excavation process was documented via daily blog posts, and Berger spoke on radio shows.[13] The data collected was published in open-access journals and scanned in-order to allow the greatest amount of scientists to access and contribute to the study of the fossil data, quite different from the slow and limited access methods used by mostpaleoanthropologists.[9]
