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Unchained Melody

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1955 song by Alex North and Hy Zaret
For theLeAnn Rimes album, seeUnchained Melody: The Early Years.

"Unchained Melody"
Song byTodd Duncan
ReleasedJanuary 19, 1955 (1955-01-19)
ComposerAlex North
LyricistHy Zaret

"Unchained Melody" is a 1955 song byAlex North with lyrics byHy Zaret. North composed the music as a theme forits namesake 1955 prison film.[1] The version of the song in the film's soundtrack was sung byTodd Duncan.[2] It has since become astandard and one of the most recorded songs of the 20th century, with the version recorded bythe Righteous Brothers in 1965 notable in its own right.[3] According to the song's publishing administrator, over 1,500 recordings of "Unchained Melody" have been made by more than 670 singers, in multiple languages.[4]

In 1955, three versions of the song — byLes Baxter,Al Hibbler, andRoy Hamilton — charted in the top 10 of theBillboard Hot 100 in the United States.[5] In the United Kingdom, the versions by Hibbler, Baxter,Jimmy Young, andLiberace ranked in the top 20 simultaneously, a record for any song.[6][7] The song continued to chart in the 21st century, and until 2014 it was the only song to reach number one with four different recordings in the United Kingdom.[8][9]

Of the hundreds of recordings made, the Righteous Brothers' version, with a solo byBobby Hatfield, became thejukebox standard after its release. Hatfield changed the melody in the final verse and many subsequent covers of the song are based on his version. The Righteous Brothers' recording acquired renewed attention when it was featured in the 1990 filmGhost. In 2004, it was number 27 onAFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.

Origin of song

[edit]

In 1954, Alex North was contracted to compose the score for the prison filmUnchained (released in 1955). North had a melody he had written in the 1930s and composed and recorded the score when he was asked to write a song based upon the movie's theme.[10][clarification needed] North asked Hy Zaret to write the lyrics. After first refusing, Zaret and North together wrote "Unchained Melody."[11][12] Zaret refused the producer's request to include the word "unchained" in his lyrics.[13] The song eventually became known as the "Unchained Melody", though the song does not actually include the word "unchained". Instead, Zaret chose to focus on someone who pines for a lover he has not seen in a "long, lonely time".[14] The film centered on a man who contemplates either escaping from prison to live life on the run or completing his sentence and returning to his wife and family.[14] The song has an unusual harmonic device as thebridge ends on thetonic chord rather than the more usualdominant chord. "Unchained Melody" is written in thekey ofC major.[15]

Todd Duncan sang the vocals for the film soundtrack and performs an abbreviated version in the film. Playing one of the prisoners, he sings it, accompanied by another prisoner on guitar, while other prisoners listen sadly.[2] With Duncan singing the vocals,[2] the song was nominated in 1956 for1955's Oscars, but theBest Song award went to the hit song "Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing".[14]

William Stirrat, an electrical engineer, claimed to have written the lyrics as a teenager in 1936 under the pen name "Hy Zaret", only to have North use the uncredited words in the 1955 original.[16][17] The case went to court and the dispute was resolved completely in favor of the real Zaret (the one bornHyman Zaritsky), who continued to receive all royalties.[13]

Early versions

[edit]

Following the movie, several charting covers were released in 1955. BandleaderLes Baxter released a choral version (Capitol Records catalog number 3055), which reached number one on the US charts and number 10 in the UK.[18] The words "unchain me" are sung repeatedly at the beginning and the lyrics are sung by a choir.Billboard ranked this version as thenumber-five song of 1955.[19]Al Hibbler followed close behind with a vocal version (Decca Records catalog number 29441),[20] that reached number three on theBillboard charts and number two in the UK chart listings.Jimmy Young's release (on Decca Records UK catalog number F10502) stayed at number one on the British charts for three weeks and remained on the UK charts for 19 weeks.[21] Young re-recorded the song in early 1964 and it hit number 43 in the UK. Two weeks after Young's version entered the top 10 of the British charts in June 1955,Liberace scored a number-20 hit (Philips PB 430).Roy Hamilton's version (Epic Records catalog number 9102) reached number one on the R&B Best Sellers list and number six on the pop chart.[22]June Valli recorded the song on March 15, 1955 (RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-6078) with the flip side "Tomorrow",[23] and took it to number 29 on the Top Pop Records list.[24]Harry Belafonte recorded the song,[25] and sang his version at the 1956Academy Awards after it was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Original Songof 1955.[26]

While the sheet-music business was losing its prominence to sound recordings,[27] a sheet music release of the song peaked at number one on its 10th week on theBillboard Best Selling Sheet Music chart on the week ending June 18, 1955.[28] It stayed at its peak position for nine weeks[29] until it dropped to number four on its 20th week on the week ending August 27.[30]

Charts

[edit]

Les Baxter

[edit]
Chart (1955)Peak
position
Australia (AMR)[31]1
UK Singles (OCC)[32]10
UK (Record Mirror)[33]10
US (Billboard Best Seller in Stores)[34]2
US (Billboard Most Played by Jockeys)[34]1

Roy Hamilton

[edit]
Chart (1955)Peak
position
US (Billboard Most Played by Jockeys)[35]6
US (Billboard R&B Best Sellers in Stores)[36]1

Jimmy Young

[edit]
Chart (1955)Peak
position
UK Singles (OCC)[37]1
UK (Record Mirror)[38]2

Al Hibbler

[edit]
Chart (1955)Peak
position
Australia (AMR)[31]1
UK Singles (OCC)[39]2
UK (Record Mirror)[40]1
US (Billboard Most Played by Jockeys)[41]3
US (Billboard R&B Best Sellers in Stores)[42]1

The Righteous Brothers versions

[edit]
"Unchained Melody"
Single bythe Righteous Brothers
from the albumJust Once in My Life
A-side"Hung on You"
ReleasedJuly 17, 1965
RecordedMarch 2, 1965
StudioRadio, Hollywood
GenreBlue-eyed soul
Length3:36
LabelPhilles
ComposerAlex North
LyricistHy Zaret
Producers
The Righteous Brothers singles chronology
"Just Once in My Life"
(1964)
"Hung on You" / "Unchained Melody"
(1965)
"Ebb Tide"
(1965)
Alternative release
1990 UK vinyl re-release of the original 1965 recording
1990 UK vinyl re-release of the original 1965 recording

The best-known version of "Unchained Melody" was recorded by the duothe Righteous Brothers forPhilles Records in 1965.[10] The lead vocal was performed solo byBobby Hatfield, who later recorded other versions of the song credited solely to him. According to his singing partnerBill Medley, they had agreed to do one solo piece each per album. Both wanted to sing "Unchained Melody" for their fourth album, but Hatfield won the coin toss.[43]

Recording

[edit]

Problems playing this file? Seemedia help.

The song was not originally intended to be released as an A side. As Spector was not especially interested in producing B-sides or album tracks, he left the production to Bill Medley,[44][10] who had produced the duo before they signed with Spector and Philles. He brought in a similar "wall of sound" instrumental track.[45] Medley said: "Phil came to me and asked me to produce the Righteous Brothers albums because he would have taken too long and it would have cost too much money."[46] By Medley's account, Spector only claimed production credit after it supplanted "Hung on You" as the hit.[47] Early copies of the single did not credit a producer for "Unchained Melody" and only credited Spector as producer of the original single "Hung on You".[10] Later pressings of the single credited Spector as the producer, as do album liner notes in the Spector box setBack to Mono (1958–1969).[48]

Hatfield made a change to the song during the recording sessions. The first two takes of the song, he performed it in the same style as Roy Hamilton.[10] For a third take, he decided to change the melody for the "I need your love" line in the final verse, and sang it much higher, instead.[10] After this recording, Hatfield said he could do another take better, to which Medley replied: "No, you can't."[45] Medley played theWurlitzer piano on the song; later, he noted, "if I knew that it was gonna be a hit I certainly would have brought in a better piano player."[49][47]

Release

[edit]

"Unchained Melody" was originally released as the B-side of the single "Hung on You" as the follow-up single to "Just Once in My Life".[10] However, "Hung on You" failed to interest radio DJs, who instead chose to play the B-side, "Unchained Melody". According to Medley, producer Phil Spector, who would deliberately place a throwaway song that was not meant to be played on the B-side,[50] was so incensed by DJs choosing to play the B-side that he started to call their radio stations to get them to stop playing "Unchained Melody".[49] He failed, though, and the song reached number four on theBillboard Hot 100 chart and number 14 in the UK in 1965.

Re-recording and re-release

[edit]

"Unchained Melody" reappeared on the USBillboard charts in 1990 after the Righteous Brothers' recording was used in the box-office blockbuster filmGhost.[10] Two versions charted in the US that year – the original and a new recording. According to Medley, he was interested in having the original recording released due to the renewed interest in the song, but was told that licensing issues existed. Although Hatfield's voice was no longer as good as when he first recorded the song, they decided to re-record it forCurb Records.[51] The re-recorded version was released as both a cassette single[52] and a CD single.[53] It received minimal airplay, but sold well, peaking at number 19. The re-recorded version was certified platinum by the RIAA on January 10, 1991,[54] and received aGrammy Award nomination.[55]

The 1965 original Righteous Brothers recording was reissued on October 15, 1990,[56] by the oldies-reissue label Verve Forecast[57][43] under licensing fromPolygram Records[58] (which had acquired the rights years earlier). The original version received significant airplay, and topped theU.S. adult contemporary chart for two weeks in 1990, but sales for this version were minimal in the US since it was available as only a 45 RPM single and the song peaked at number 13 based largely on airplay. For eight weeks, both versions were on theBillboard Hot 100 simultaneously and the Righteous Brothers became the first act to have two versions of the same song in the top 20 at the same time.[59] This re-released song reached number one in the UK, where it stayed for four weeks, becoming the UK's top-selling single of 1990. As of 2017, it had sold 1.17 million copies in the UK.[60] The 1990 reissue also reached number one in Australia, Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.

Due to the success of their re-recording, the Righteous Brothers also re-recorded other songs and released them as part of a budget-priced CD compilation by Curb Records. For the original recordings, Polydor had licensed the CD rights toRhino Records for a premium-priced 1989 compilation of Righteous Brothers hits from various labels;[61] later in 1990, it issued its own regular-pricedRighteous Brothers greatest-hits album that included the recording.[62]

Reception

[edit]

The Righteous Brothers' cover of "Unchained Melody" is now widely considered the definitive version of the song.[7][45] Hatfield's vocal in the original recording in particular is highly praised; it has been described as "powerful, full of romantic hunger, yet ethereal,"[7] and a "vocaltour de force", although his later re-recording was noted as "fudging only a bit on the highest notes".[63] The production of their original recording has been described as "epic", and that with "Hatfield's emotion-packed tenor soaring to stratospheric heights, it's a record designed to reduce anyone separated from the one they loved to a "pile of mush".[43]

Charts

[edit]

Weekly charts

[edit]
Chart (1965)Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[64]10
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[65]17
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[66]9
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[67]9
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[68]8
New Zealand (Lever Hit Parade)[69]4
UK Singles (OCC)[70]14
USBillboard Hot 100[71]4
USCash Box Top 100[72]5
USCash Box Top 50 R&B[73]9
Chart (1990–1991)Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[74]1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[75]1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[64]3
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[76]4
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[77]1
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[78]4
Europe (European Hit Radio)[79]19
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[80]24
France (SNEP)[81]6
Germany (GfK)[82]6
Ireland (IRMA)[83]1
Luxembourg (Radio Luxembourg)[84]1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[85]1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[68]1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[86]1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[87]4
UK Singles (OCC)[70]1
USBillboard Hot 100[71]13
USAdult Contemporary (Billboard)[88]1
USCash Box Top 100[89]9

Year-end charts

[edit]
Chart (1965)Position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[90]61
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[91]54
USBillboard Hot 100[92]21
Chart (1990)Position
Australia (ARIA)[93]8
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[94]48
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[95]34
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[96]59
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[97]29
UK Singles (OCC)[98]1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[99]28
Chart (1991)Position
Australia (ARIA)[100]45
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[101]4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[102]59
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[103]17
Germany (Media Control)[104]47
New Zealand (RIANZ)[105]2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[106]29

Certifications

[edit]
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[107]Platinum70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[108]Gold25,000*
Italy (FIMI)[109]Gold50,000
Japan (RIAJ)[110]Platinum100,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[111]2× Platinum60,000
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[112]Gold25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[113]Platinum1,167,000[60]
United States (RIAA)[54]Platinum1,000,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Elvis Presley version

[edit]
"Unchained Melody"
Single byElvis Presley
B-side"Softly, As I Leave You"
ReleasedMarch 1978
RecordedJune 21, 1977
VenueRushmore Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota
LabelRCA
ComposerAlex North
LyricistHy Zaret
ProducerFelton Jarvis
Elvis Presley singles chronology
"My Way""Unchained Melody""(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"

On June 21, 1977,Elvis Presley performed the song at a show inRapid City, South Dakota.[10] The performance, described byRolling Stone as "the last great moment of his career", was recorded forhis last television special two months before his death in August 1977.[114] A single, based on this recording, was released in March 1978 byRCA Records with "Softly, As I Leave You" as the B side.[115][116] The song reached number six in the country charts of both the US and Canada,[117] and was certified gold byMusic Canada on July 10, 1986.[118]

Another live version recorded earlier on April 24, 1977, at Crisler Arena inAnn Arbor, Michigan, was included in his last albumMoody Blue.[119] Both versions had studio overdubs with additional instruments added before they were released.

Charts

[edit]
Chart (1977)Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[120]6
USHot Country Songs (Billboard)[121]6
USCash Box Top 100 Country[122]7

Certifications

[edit]
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[118]Gold50,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Robson and Jerome version

[edit]
"Unchained Melody"
Single byRobson & Jerome
from the albumRobson & Jerome
ReleasedMay 8, 1995 (1995-05-08)[123]
Recorded1995
Length3:17
LabelBMG
ComposerAlex North
LyricistHy Zaret
ProducersMike Stock,Matt Aitken
Robson & Jerome singles chronology
"Unchained Melody" / "White Cliffs of Dover"
(1995)
"I Believe" / "Up on the Roof"
(1995)

The version byRobson and Jerome is notable as the best-selling single of 1995 in the UK. It also launched the singing career of Robson and Jerome, and became the biggest hit in the UK forSimon Cowell, marking his beginning as a significant figure in the music industry.[124]

In November 1994, in an episode of the UK television drama seriesSoldier Soldier, characters Dave Tucker and Paddy Garvey, portrayed by actorsRobson Green andJerome Flynn, respectively, performed "Unchained Melody" as an impromptu duo, the Unrighteous Brothers, after the entertainment failed to appear for a friend's wedding.[125][126] Their performance triggered a strong response from the audience, who attempted to find a recording of the song that was then unavailable.[127] Simon Cowell was alerted to the interest shown by the public, and pursued the two reluctant actors for the next four months to record the song, to the extent that Robson Green threatened legal action to stop Cowell harassing them.[128] The actors were eventually persuaded to sign a recording contract after Cowell made further attempts via Green's mother, and record a Righteous Brothers-type version of the song as a duo.[128]

The recording was produced byMike Stock andMatt Aitken. Stock later revealed that the vocals were "assisted" and parts of the song were sung by other session singers.[129] It was released as a double-A-sided single with "White Cliffs of Dover", a popular song duringWorld War II, included in recognition of the 50th anniversary ofVE Day, the date of the single's release.[127][130] The video released for "Unchained Melody" also incorporated clips from the 1945 filmBrief Encounter.[126]

Their recording immediately reached number one in the UK, selling 314,000 copies in its first week, at that time the fastest-selling debut single in UK chart history.[126] It stayed at the top of the chart for seven weeks.[125] It became the best-selling single of 1995, and one of the country's all-time biggest-selling singles (number 9 in November 2012),[131] with 1.87 million copies sold.[60] Theself-titled album they released later in the year also became the best-selling album of 1995.[132] Although the duo decided to quit the following year, they eventually sold 7 million copies of albums and 5 million copies of the three singles released.[133] Simon Cowell, who before this was known largely as a creator of novelty records with television characters such as the puppetsZig and Zag and action charactersPower Rangers,[134] then came to the attention of the media for his ability to create hit records.[133]

Charts

[edit]

Weekly charts

[edit]
Chart (1995)Peak
position
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[135]5
Ireland (IRMA)[83]2
Scotland Singles (OCC)[136]1
UK Singles (OCC)[137]1

Year-end charts

[edit]
Chart (1995)Position
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[138]60
UK Singles (OCC)[139]1

Certifications

[edit]
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[140]2× Platinum1,872,000[60]

Gareth Gates version

[edit]
"Unchained Melody"
Single byGareth Gates
from the albumWhat My Heart Wants to Say
ReleasedMarch 18, 2002 (2002-03-18)
Recorded2002
StudioA-side (Stockholm, Sweden)
GenrePop
Length3:54
LabelRCA,19,S
ComposerAlex North
LyricistHy Zaret
ProducerSteve Mac
Gareth Gates singles chronology
"Unchained Melody"
(2002)
"Anyone of Us (Stupid Mistake)"
(2002)

English singer-songwriterGareth Gates first performed "Unchained Melody" as a contestant in the quarter-finals ofthe first series of the UK singing competition television showPop Idol, which included Simon Cowell as one of the judges.[141] Gates reprised the song in the final as his personal choice,[142] but the competition was won byWill Young. Gates was signed by Cowell, and as the runner-up, Gates released the song as his first single three weeks after the winner had released his single, the double-A-sided "Anything Is Possible" / "Evergreen". Gates' cover of "Unchained Melody" was released together with his versions of the same two songs released by Young, which Gates had also performed in the final.[143]

Gates' version of "Unchained Melody" became one of the fastest-selling singles in the UK, selling around 328,000 copies in the first day of release.[144][145] It reached number one on theUK Singles Chart in its first week of release with sales of 850,000 copies,[146][147] and stayed at the top of the chart for four weeks.[7] It became the second-best-selling song in the UK in 2002, as well as that of thedecade of 2000s, after the single by the winner Will Young.[148] It had sold 1.35 million copies in the UK as of 2017.[60]

Charts

[edit]

Weekly charts

[edit]
Chart (2002–2003)Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[149]9
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[150]15
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[151]6
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[152]12
France (SNEP)[153]4
Germany (GfK)[154]17
Hungary (Editors' Choice Top 40)[155]40
Ireland (IRMA)[83]1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[156]25
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[157]12
Romania (Romanian Top 100)[158]22
Scotland Singles (OCC)[159]1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[160]18
UK Singles (OCC)[161]1

Year-end charts

[edit]
Chart (2002)Position
Ireland (IRMA)[162]12
UK Singles (OCC)[163]2
Chart (2003)Position
Australia (ARIA)[164]72
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[165]84
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[166]28
France (SNEP)[167]68
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[168]91

Decade-end charts

[edit]
Chart (2000–2009)Position
UK Singles (OCC)[148]2

Certifications

[edit]
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[169]Gold35,000^
Belgium (BRMA)[170]Gold25,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[171]2× Platinum1,348,000[60]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
RegionDateFormat(s)Label(s)Ref.
United KingdomMarch 18, 2002 (2002-03-18)
  • CD
  • cassette
[172]
AustraliaJuly 21, 2003 (2003-07-21)CD[173]

Other notable versions

[edit]

Country charts

[edit]

Different versions of the song have made the USHot Country Songs charts.

  • Joe Stampley (number 41, 1975)[198]
  • Ronnie McDowell (number 26, 1991)[199]
  • LeAnn Rimes (number three, 1997)[200] LeAnn Rimes's cover was originally released in September 1996 as a B-side track to "One Way Ticket (Because I Can)" and again in November 1996 on the promotional single, "Put a Little Holiday in Your Heart", that was only available atTarget stores with the purchase of her debut album,Blue.[201] It was released as a single to radio on December 17, 1996, and included on the albumUnchained Melody: The Early Years (1997).[202][203] The song reached number three on the Hot Country Songs chart in the US, and number three in theRPM Country Tracks chart in Canada.[204] It was ranked number 64 on the 1997 Year End Country Songs chart in the US,[205] and number 49 in Canada's Year End Country Tracks chart.[206]

Impact

[edit]

Popularity

[edit]

"Unchained Melody" was the only song to have reached number one in the UK in four different recordings on the official chart until it was joined by the charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in its fourth re-recording in 2014.[8][9] It is the only song to have sold over a million by three separate acts in the UK – Robson and Jerome (1.87 million), Gareth Gates (1.35 million), the Righteous Brothers (1.17 million).[60] The song has been number one on lists of love songs featured on the United Kingdom'sChannel 4 andFive.

The song has been covered by many artists; according to the song's publishing administrator, over 1,500 recordings of "Unchained Melody" have been made by more than 670 artists in multiple languages. Its popularity also meant that the song is one of the highest-grossing songs for its copyright holders, estimated in 2012 to be the fifth-biggest earners of royalties according to the BBC's list of the Richest Songs in the World at £18 million.[207]

Accolades

[edit]

The song was nominated in 1956 for1955's Oscar for best original song from the filmUnchained.[208] The re-recorded version by the Righteous Brothers was nominated for aGrammy Award in1991 in the best pop performance by a duo or group category,[209] and their original version was inducted into theGrammy Hall of Fame in 2000.[210][211] The use of the Righteous Brothers' cover of "Unchained Melody" in the filmGhost resurrected the song's popularity as it was recognized as the "most played" song of 1992 by theAmerican Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).[212] ASCAP also announced it to be one of the 25 most-performed songs and musical works of the 20th century in 1999, and the most-performed love song of the 1950s in 2003.[13]

In 2001, the song was ranked at number 138 in the list ofSongs of the Century released by theRecording Industry Association of America and theNational Endowment for the Arts.[213] In 2004,Rolling Stone placed the Righteous Brothers version of the song at number 365 on its list ofthe 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[5] It was placed first inMagic 1278's 500 greatest songs of all time. It was also listed in 2004 at number 27 in the list of the 100 top movie songs of all time in American Film institute's centenaryAFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of songs in American cinema.[214] In 2007, theSongwriters Hall of Fame honored "Unchained Melody" with a Towering Song award that is presented to creators of a song "that has influenced the culture in a unique way over many years."[215][216]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Unchained".Turner Classic Movies. RetrievedApril 29, 2021.
  2. ^abcRobert Rodriguez,The 1950s' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Rock & Roll Rebels,Brassey's, p.90.
  3. ^Dowling, Stephen (November 6, 2003)."Entertainment | Brothers in good company with hits".BBC News. RetrievedMarch 30, 2014.
  4. ^"Unchained Melody".Unchained Melody Publishing LLC.
  5. ^ab"500 Greatest Songs of All Time".Rolling Stone. December 11, 2003.
  6. ^Philip Dodd; Paul Du Noyer (1999).The encyclopedia of singles. Parragon. p. 222.ISBN 0-7525-3337-1.
  7. ^abcdPaul Simpson (October 2, 2003).The Rough Guide to Cult Pop. Rough Guides. pp. 246–247.ISBN 978-1-84353-229-3.
  8. ^ab"Record Breakers and Trivia : Singles : Individual Hits: Number 1s".Every Hits.
  9. ^abPaul Sexton (November 24, 2014)."Band Aid 30's 'Do They Know It's Christmas' Opens at No. 1 in U.K. With Huge Sales".Billboard.
  10. ^abcdefghiPadgett, Ray (2017).Cover me: the stories behind the greatest cover songs of all time. New York. pp. 36–43.ISBN 978-1-4549-2250-6.OCLC 978537907.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^"Biography of Hy Zaret".Argosy Music Corporation.
  12. ^"'Unchained Melody' Lyricist Dies at 99All Things Considered".National Public Radio (U.S.). July 3, 2007. The audio linked from that page includes snippets of various artists performing the song.
  13. ^abcDouglas Martin (July 3, 2007)."Hy Zaret, 99, Tin Pan Alley Lyricist, Is Dead".NY Times. Archived fromthe original on July 9, 2017.
  14. ^abc""Lyricist behind Unchained Melody dies", CBC Arts".CBC. July 3, 2007.Archived from the original on July 5, 2007.
  15. ^North, Alex; The Righteous Brothers; Zaret, Hy (January 3, 2019)."Unchained Melody".Musicnotes.com. RetrievedJune 2, 2021.
  16. ^Hinckley, David (July 9, 2007)."He waxed lyrical over 'Unchained Melody'".NY Daily News.
  17. ^"Zaret was songwriter".Long Beach Press Telegram. July 3, 2007.
  18. ^"Behind the song, MPL Communications". Archived fromthe original on February 26, 2006. RetrievedFebruary 26, 2006.
  19. ^"Billboard Top 30 – 1955". Archived fromthe original on January 25, 2010. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2011.
  20. ^Gilliland, John (1969)."Show 17 – The Soul Reformation: More on the evolution of rhythm and blues. Part 3]"(audio).Pop Chronicles.University of North Texas Libraries.
  21. ^"Jimmy Young".The Official Charts Company.
  22. ^Whitburn, Joel (2004).Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004. Record Research. p. 243.
  23. ^"RCA Victor 78rpm numerical listing discography: 20-6000 – 6500". 78discography.com. RetrievedMarch 30, 2014.
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