Umbugarla
Mbukarla
Native to	Australia
Region	Northern Territory
Extinct	c. 1990s, with the death of Butcher Knight
Language family	Darwin Umbugarlic Umbugarla
Language codes
ISO 639-3	umr
Glottolog	umbu1235
AIATSIS[1]	N43
ELP	Umbugarla
historic distribution of Umbugarla

Umbugarla orMbukarla is a possibleAustralianlanguage isolate once spoken by three people inArnhem Land, northern Australia as of 1981, and is now extinct.

Umbugarla was once considered alanguage isolate (together withNgurmbur as a dialect), butMark Harvey has made a case for it being part of a family ofDarwin Region languages.^[2]

Ngurmbur andBugurnidja are poorly attested extinct languages, which are joined with Umbugarla to form the Umbugarlic branch.

Tryon (2007) lists the following varieties of Umbugarla–Ngumbur:

Ngunbudj (Gonbudj), Umbugarla, Bugunidja, Ngarduk, Ngumbur.

However, nothing is known of Ngunbudj or Ngarduk, which were extinct byWorld War II.

• /ɡ/ can be heard as either stops[k] or[ʔ] when in word-final or word-medial position, and as a fricative[ɣ] when in intervocalic position.
• /ɽ/ can also be heard as an alveolar tap[ɾ] when in intervocalic position.

• Vowels can be lengthened when in open syllables or in word-final position.^[3]

Wiktionary has a word list atAppendix:Umbugarla word list

• Umbugarla Swadesh list at the Internet Archive

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