The area of Ulyanovsk Oblast corresponds to the formerSimbirsk Governorate which formerly existed as an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of theRussian Empire, replacing the Simbirsk Viceroyalty from 1796 and later,Bolshevik Russia. The governorate was renamed to Ulyanovsk Governorate, in honor ofVladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom he was born in Simbirsk after his death in 1924. In 1928, Ulyanovsk became an okrug and the present day Ulyanovsk Oblast was formed in 1943 merging some parts ofKuybyshev andPenza Oblasts.
It is located on the northern edge of CentralSteppes. A quarter of its territory is covered withdeciduous forests; the rest is covered with steppes and meadows. The oblast is divided in half by theVolga River. Hilly areas to the west of the Volga are known asVolga Upland (elevations up to 358 m (1,175 ft) ). Eastern part of the oblast is mostly flat. The water table occupies about 6% of territory.[citation needed]
Nature reserve "Privolzhskaya lesostep"
Ulyanovsk Oblast is categorized as a dfb, (warm-summer humid continental), on theköppen classification scale. The mean temperature is 5 °C (41 °F) where the average temperature can range from -13.33 °C (8 °F) to 25.6 °C (78 °F). The hottest month by average is July with an average of 19.5 °C (67 °F) and the coldest month by average is January with an average of -10.6 °C (13 °F). Annual precipitation average is 23.13 inches with the wettest month by average being March with an average of 3.43 inches. The average wind speed is 16 MPH with the windiest month being April with an average of 18 MPH. The average humidity is 71% and the averagedew point is 32 °F. The averagepressure is 30.03 HG. The average visibility is 17 miles.[9][10]
Forests occupy 1/4 of its territories. In the northwest — large massifs of oak forest with the participation of linden, maple; in theTransvolga region — meadow steppes, separate pine borons.
The area is inhabited by moose, marten, squirrel, hare (white and other) as well as numerous planktonic and marshy- coastal birds.Kuybyshev Reservoir is home to fish such as bream, pike-perch, carp and others. Ulyanovsk Oblast also has a concentrated wasp population.
The first settlements of Middle Volga people were established in this area ofVolga more than 100,000 years ago, according to archaeological science. The presence of human groups in the Ulyanovsk Volga region in the Paleolithic show separate parking[clarification needed] and location of stone tools and bones found in the estuary.Cheremshan Tunguz on the peninsula, on the shores of the Volga in the region of Undory resort.
In the 8th and 9th centuries Ulyanovsk Volga region became a part of the earlyVolga Bulgaria, as a union of nomadic Turkic and sedentary Finno-Ugric tribes.
In the late 14th and early 15th century, the devastating Central Asian rulerTamerlane made desolation of Volga Ulyanovsk. in the late 1430s the region was made a part of theKazan Khanate. After the pacification of the territory of the future of his governorship Simbirsk gradually settled byRussians, who mingled with the local Tatars.
In the late 1640s, under the leadership of Bogdan Hitrovo, construction of the Karsunsky-Simbirsk defense line began (1647-1654 biennium).
Twenty-two years after its founding, the city ofSimbirsk had to withstand a siege of the Cossacks, led by AtamanStepan Razin.
In the 18th century in connection with the expansion of the territory of the Russian state, in particular, to the east, and began to develop intensively populated southern regions of the present territory of the Ulyanovsk region. Simbirsk began to lose its status of strategic military importance, but remained the provincial center.[citation needed]
TheBolsheviks took power in Simbirsk one and a half month after theOctober Revolution—December 10, 1917. In 1918, the province was at the heart of theRussian Civil War. In July 1918 Simbirsk was captured by troops of theKomuch army led by White Russian tsarist GeneralVladimir Kappel. But on September 12 the Bolsheviks recaptured the city, resulting in the restoration of communism. The Red Army victory was led by the "Iron Division". Simbirsk was the headquarters of the Revolutionary Military Council of the eastern front. The ammunition factory in Simbirsk was essential to ensuring the Red Army victory.
In 1924, Simbirsk was renamed Ulyanovsk. On May 14, 1928, theUlyanovsk Governorate of theRSFSR was abolished.[11] The Province, together with Penza, Samara and Orenburg became part of the newly formed Middle Volga region.
Presidential bridge throughVolga River in Ulyanovsk
Since the beginning of theGreat Patriotic War in Ulyanovsk, being the rear, the evacuated enterprises, institutions and people from the western regions of the country, from Moscow and Leningrad. January 19, 1943 from several districts ofKuybyshev andPenza Oblasts formed Ulyanovsk Oblast.
After thedissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ulyanovsk Oblast became part of the newly-formed Russian Federation. On 30 October 1997, Ulyanovsk, alongsideAstrakhan,Kirov,Murmansk, andYaroslavl signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy.[12] The agreement was abolished on 31 December 2001.[13]
During theSoviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Ulyanovsk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside electedregional parliament.
The Charter of Ulyanovsk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. TheLegislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast is the province's standinglegislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Administration, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with theConstitution of Russia.
Since 1995, the legislature in the region has been represented by a unicameral parliament - theLegislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. The leader is the chairman of the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Assembly is elected by popular vote every five years. The first two convocations were elected by the majority system - from 25 districts, one deputy each. The current fifth, fourth and third convocations were elected by the majority-list system. One half (18) of the deputies are from party lists and the other half are from 18 constituencies.
Until 2000, theCommunist Party of the Russian Federation invariably won the federal elections in the Ulyanovsk region: for example, in 1995 and 1999, the Communists won the parliamentary elections with a result of more than 40%; in 1996,Gennady Zyuganov won both rounds of the presidential elections. The turning point occurred in 2000:Vladimir Putin won the March presidential elections in the region. The 2003, 2007 and 2011 State Duma elections were won by theUnited Russia party,[17] andDmitry Medvedev won the2008 presidential election. On 4 March 2012, Vladimir Putin won again, gaining 58.18% of the votes of the Oblast's voters.[18]
67,890 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[22]
Ulyanovsk State University, established in 1988 as a branch ofMoscow State University. At the present time, UlSU is one of the largest higher educational institutions in the Volga region, comprising 6 institutes, 6 independent faculties, 2 affiliates, 5 junior colleges, 6 learning centers. UlSU enrolls about 15 thousand students annually, among them 125 foreign citizens from 20 countries of the world.
Ulyanovsk State Technical University, established in 1957 as Ulyanovsk Polytech University. Today Ulyanovsk State Technical University features over 14,000 students on different education programs at 10 faculties and 48 departments.
Ulyanovsk Higher Civil Aviation School, founded in 1935 as a training center, designed for training and retraining of flight crews of civil aircraft. In 1992, raised its status to the present. Has branches inKrasny Kut, Saratov Oblast andSasovo, Ryazan Oblast. When it has Main industry museum of civil aviation history (Ulyanovsk aircraft museum), established in 1983.
There is also a number of technical and medical colleges in Ulyanovsk.
Ulyanovsk Oblast is part of the Volga economic region.
Ulyanovsk Oblast has an abundance of land, water, forest, and mineral resources. Ulyanovsk Region also has substantial reserves of other raw materials used in industry, such as various kinds ofsand, cement materials,clays, andpeat. One of the largestquartz sand deposits in theCIS, the Tashlinskoe deposit, is located in the region.
Ulyanovsk andDimitrovgrad are industrial cities and contain a number of large plants and factories. Rural part of Ulyanovsk Oblast is agricultural and is focused primarily onanimal husbandry, to the lesser extent oncrop farming. There are two resorts in Ulyanovsk Oblast territory - "Bely Yar" and "Dubki".
City of Ulyanovsk is a major, diversified, industrial hub for aircraft and auto industries.
TheUAZ automobile manufacturing plant, now a subsidiary ofSollers JSC;Aviastar-SP Aircraft Company, now a part ofUnited Aircraft Corporation; Scientific and Production Association "Mars" (manufacturesindustrial control systems for theRussian Navy), now part of state-owned conglomerate Agat; Ulyanovsk Cartridge Works (manufactures ammunition for firearms); Ulyanovsk Motor Plant (russian.Ульяновский моторный завод, UMZ) and Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (russian.Ульяновский механический завод,UMZ, subsidiary of JSCAlmaz-Antey) are based in the city along with a variety of light industry and food-processing enterprises. Other developed sectors include the flour-milling,meat,butter-making,starch andmolasses,distilling, building material, andwoodworking industries.
In addition, a global, international airline for unique and heavycargo,Volga-Dnepr Airlines is based in the city too.
Banking is mostly represented by national banks such asSberbank,VTB Bank,Alfa-Bank, Bin Bank, Ak Bars Bank,MDM Bank, Trust Bank and also regional banks from Ulyanovsk Oblast.
Ulyanovsk has also a strong military base presence in town. The 31st Airborne Brigade of theRussian Airborne Troops of the armed forces is based in Ulyanovsk.
The region ofUndory, a driving distance from Ulyanovsk is famous for its spas and mineral water. The city offers many options for sports enthusiasts. The countryside is ideal for outdoor and water sports. The springs ofUndory have been known for more than 200 years. The water at spa is rich in sodium chloride, and comes from artesian wells.
Bandy is traditionally the most popular sport in Ulyanovsk Oblast.[32]Volga[33] plays in theRussian Bandy Super League. The other club Simbirsk plays in the 2nd division. An indoor arena for bandy, Volga-Sport-Arena, has been built, as one of the first in Russia. It has a capacity of 5 000.[1] The outdoor stadium will be modernised and have a capacity of 18 000. The2016 Bandy World Championship is being played in Ulyanovsk.[34] andDimitrovgrad.
Ulyanovsk also hosted matches of first qualifying roundUEFA Women's Under-17 Championship 2014. Matches were held at "Trud" Football Stadium in the downtown Ulyanovsk.
Overall sports get a lot of support from the Ulyanovsk Oblast government.[2]
Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Постановление №31/311 от 19 мая 2005 г. «Устав Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №91-ЗО от 2 сентября 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу Ульяновской области». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования (4 июня 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Ульяновская правда", №51(22.365), 24 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Resolution #31/311 of May 19, 2005Charter of Ulyanovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #91-ZO of September 2, 2015On Amending the Charter of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
Законодательное Собрание Ульяновской области. Закон №197-ЗО от 6 декабря 2006 г. «О гимне Ульяновской области», в ред. Закона №118-ЗО от 29 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 4 Закона Ульяновской области "О гимне Ульяновской области"». Вступил в силу 20 декабря 2006 г. Опубликован: "Ульяновская правда", №97 (22.533), 9 декабря 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Ulyanovsk Oblast. Law #197-ZO of December 6, 2006On the Anthem of Ulyanovsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #118-ZO of September 29, 2015On Amending Article 4 of the Law of Ulyanovsk Oblast "On the Anthem of Ulyanovsk Oblast". Effective as of December 20, 2006.).
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