| Ulumandaʼ | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (30,000 cited 1986)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ulm |
| Glottolog | ulum1237 |
Ulumandaʼ is anAustronesian language ofWest Sulawesi,Indonesia. It is nearly intelligible with otherPitu Ulunna Salu languages,[2] but Ulumanda’ is distinguished by an unusual series of front vowels.
The vowel inventory of Ulumandaʼ is as follows:[3]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i y | u |
| Mid | e ø | o |
| Open | æ | ɑ |
The attested consonant inventory is as follows:
| Labial | Alveolar | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Approximant | j | ||||
Ulumandaʼ is unusual among the Austronesian languages of Sulawesi for featuring avowel harmony opposition of front vowels /æ, ø, y/ to corresponding back vowels /ɑ, o, u/ comparable to that of theUralic languages. Originally, fronted vowels arose from the fronting of back vowels before syllable-finalvelar consonants*k and*ŋ, but were phonemicized in final syllables when word-final*-m and*-n merged with*ŋ to result in-ŋ but did not front a preceding back vowel unlike original*-ŋ. These fronted vowels then fronted any other back vowels in a word except if a neutral vowel like*e or*i intervened between the vowels.
A contrastive pair includes /uraŋ/ "person" vs. /uræŋ/ [yræŋ] "shrimp".
.jpg) | ThisAustronesian languages-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. |