| Ulmus glabra 'Cornuta' | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Species | Ulmus glabra |
| Cultivar | 'Cornuta' |
| Origin | Europe |
TheWych ElmcultivarUlmus glabra 'Cornuta', in cultivation before 1845[1] – Fontaine (1968) gives its provenance as France, 1835[2] – is a little-known tree, finally identified as a cultivar ofU. glabra byBoom[3] inNederlandse Dendrologie 1: 157, 1959.[4]
The cultivar 'Triserrata', usually considered a synonym of 'Cornuta',[4] was first described byKirchner[5] inPetzold[6] and Kirchner (1864) asU. triserrataHort..[7]It was distributed by theSpäth nursery, Berlin, in the late 1890s and early 1900s asU. montana triserrataKirch..[8]
'Cornuta' is distinguished only by the one or two cusp-like lobes either side of the apex of the leaf on strong-growing shoots, similar toUlmus laciniata. Short-shoot leaves lack the cusps.[9][1] Fontaine (1968) reported that 'Cornuta' had a more reddish-brown autumn colouring than other elms.[2]
U. triserrataHort. (syn.U. intermediaHort.) was described in Petzold and Kirchner as "very similar toU. montana, but the leaves appear to be firmer, a little shorter, and widened towards the tip. The tip is very sharp-pointed, likewise the two large teeth, one on each side, in consequence of which the leaf appears tricuspidate. A form similar in appearance but less pronounced occurs inU. montana." Späth catalogues describe the leaf ofU. montana triserrata as "usually three-pointed", but herbarium leaf-specimens in theRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh from Späth's specimens show a non-cuspidate leaf with a triserrate (triple-toothed) margin.[10]
A cultivar of theWych Elm, 'Cornuta' is susceptible toDutch Elm disease.
Fontaine (1968) reported that a form of 'Cornuta' was cultivated along theReguliersgracht, Amsterdam, "with reasonable success as a street tree".[2] 'Cornuta' is now very rare in cultivation. Although introduced to North America, there is no record of its introduction to Australasia.One tree, possibly 'Cornuta', was planted in 1897 asU. montana laciniata syn.U. montana triserrata at theDominion Arboretum,Ottawa,Canada.[11] Three specimens supplied by Späth to theRBGE in 1902 asU. montana triserrata may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. theWentworth Elm);[12] the current list of Living Accessions held in the Gardenper se does not list the plant.[13] A specimen obtained from Späth asUlmus triserrata and planted in 1916 stood in theRyston Hall arboretum,Norfolk,[14] in the early 20th century.[15]
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A very large tree survives atMeise, inBelgium; measured in 2002, it had attained a height of 35 m, and ad.b.h. of at 1.2 m. Several examples survive along Milletstraat inAmsterdam.[16][17] Three heavily pruned trees, closely planted and now fused together as one stand behind theCentraal Museum inUtrecht,Netherlands.[18][19]
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